RESUMO
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are one of the rarest adult malignancies. Among TETs, thymoma is the most predominant, characterized by a unique association with autoimmune diseases, followed by thymic carcinoma, which is less common but more clinically aggressive. Using multi-platform omics analyses on 117 TETs, we define four subtypes of these tumors defined by genomic hallmarks and an association with survival and World Health Organization histological subtype. We further demonstrate a marked prevalence of a thymoma-specific mutated oncogene, GTF2I, and explore its biological effects on multi-platform analysis. We further observe enrichment of mutations in HRAS, NRAS, and TP53. Last, we identify a molecular link between thymoma and the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis, characterized by tumoral overexpression of muscle autoantigens, and increased aneuploidy.
Assuntos
Mutação/genética , Neoplasias Epiteliais e Glandulares/genética , Timoma/genética , Neoplasias do Timo/genética , Fatores de Transcrição TFII/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Genômica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Next-generation sequencing technologies have provided insights into the biology and mutational landscape of cancer. Here, we evaluate the relevance of cancer neoantigens in human breast cancers. Using patient-derived xenografts from three patients with advanced breast cancer (xenografts were designated as WHIM30, WHIM35, and WHIM37), we sequenced exomes of tumor and patient-matched normal cells. We identified 2,091 (WHIM30), 354 (WHIM35), and 235 (WHIM37) nonsynonymous somatic mutations. A computational analysis identified and prioritized HLA class I-restricted candidate neoantigens expressed in the dominant tumor clone. Each candidate neoantigen was evaluated using peptide-binding assays, T-cell cultures that measure the ability of CD8+ T cells to recognize candidate neoantigens, and preclinical models in which we measured antitumor immunity. Our results demonstrate that breast cancer neoantigens can be recognized by the immune system, and that human CD8+ T cells enriched for prioritized breast cancer neoantigens were able to protect mice from tumor challenge with autologous patient-derived xenografts. We conclude that next-generation sequencing and epitope-prediction strategies can identify and prioritize candidate neoantigens for immune targeting in breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(7); 516-23. ©2017 AACR.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias da Mama/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Epitopos/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Mapeamento de Epitopos , Epitopos/genética , Exoma/genética , Feminino , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Camundongos , Mutação/genética , Mutação/imunologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/imunologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Autosomal dominant retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy is a microvascular endotheliopathy with middle-age onset. In nine families, we identified heterozygous C-terminal frameshift mutations in TREX1, which encodes a 3'-5' exonuclease. These truncated proteins retain exonuclease activity but lose normal perinuclear localization. These data have implications for the maintenance of vascular integrity in the degenerative cerebral microangiopathies leading to stroke and dementias.
