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1.
PLoS One ; 15(3): e0230379, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32203558

RESUMO

Individuals with chronic kidney disease have elevated levels of oxidative stress and are at a significantly higher risk of skeletal fracture. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which accumulate in bone and compromise mechanical properties, are known to be driven in part by oxidative stress. The goal of this study was to study effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on reducing oxidative stress and improving various bone parameters, most specifically mechanical properties, in an animal model of progressive CKD. Male Cy/+ (CKD) rats and unaffected littermates were untreated (controls) or treated with NAC (80 mg/kg, IP) from 30 to 35 weeks of age. Endpoint measures included serum biochemistries, assessments of systemic oxidative stress, bone morphology, and mechanical properties, and AGE levels in the bone. CKD rats had the expected phenotype that included low kidney function, elevated parathyroid hormone, higher cortical porosity, and compromised mechanical properties. NAC treatment had mixed effects on oxidative stress markers, significantly reducing TBARS (a measure of lipid peroxidation) while not affecting 8-OHdG (a marker of DNA oxidation) levels. AGE levels in the bone were elevated in CKD animals and were reduced with NAC although this did not translate to a benefit in bone mechanical properties. In conclusion, NAC failed to significantly improve bone architecture/geometry/mechanical properties in our rat model of progressive CKD.


Assuntos
Acetilcisteína/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Distúrbio Mineral e Ósseo na Doença Renal Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Tíbia/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Caseínas/administração & dosagem , Caseínas/efeitos adversos , Distúrbio Mineral e Ósseo na Doença Renal Crônica/sangue , Distúrbio Mineral e Ósseo na Doença Renal Crônica/etiologia , Distúrbio Mineral e Ósseo na Doença Renal Crônica/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/análise , Humanos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/fisiopatologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Mutação , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Ratos , Tíbia/química , Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tíbia/patologia , Microtomografia por Raio-X
2.
J Autism Dev Disord ; 45(8): 2411-28, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25737021

RESUMO

Earlier autism diagnosis, the importance of early intervention, and development of specific interventions for young children have contributed to the emergence of similar, empirically supported, autism interventions that represent the merging of applied behavioral and developmental sciences. "Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBI)" are implemented in natural settings, involve shared control between child and therapist, utilize natural contingencies, and use a variety of behavioral strategies to teach developmentally appropriate and prerequisite skills. We describe the development of NDBIs, their theoretical bases, empirical support, requisite characteristics, common features, and suggest future research needs. We wish to bring parsimony to a field that includes interventions with different names but common features thus improving understanding and choice-making among families, service providers and referring agencies.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista/psicologia , Terapia Comportamental/métodos , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/terapia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos
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