Effect of Training and Detraining in the Components of Physical Fitness in People Living With HIV/AIDS.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of training and detraining on the physical fitness components of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). The study was characterized as experimental with a sample composed of 21 people divided into two groups: 11 volunteers (PLHA, 46.9 ± 8.0 years, 63.8 ± 12.7 kg, 161.7 ± 8.7 cm, 7 men, and 4 women), using antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 10 people without HIV/AIDS in the control group (CG, 43.8 ± 13.8 years, 75.2 ± 11.2 kg, 163.3 ± 7.8 cm, 3 men, and 7 women), with the same average age and level of physical activity. The intervention, applied to both groups, consisted of combined training for 15 weeks, followed by detraining for 5 weeks. Before and after the training and detraining period the following parameters were evaluated: body composition by dual energy radiological absorptiometry (DXA), cardiorespiratory fitness by ergospirometer, and strength of upper and lower limbs by isometric dynamometer. The results show the effect of the intervention moments on the strength and oxygen consumption variables (time factor), considering the two study groups. Regarding the analysis of the interaction (group vs. time), there was a significant effect on the isometric extension strength of the left (p = 0.019) and right (p = 0.030) knees, with training (left: 10.4%; right: 12.4%) and detraining (left: -10.8%; right: -12.1%) effect in PLHA, when compared with the control group (left: 8.1 and 3.9%, respectively; right: 11.5 and -0.2%, respectively). In addition, there was a significant interaction on ventilatory threshold 1 (p = 0.002), indicating a significantly greater increase with training (27.3%) and decrease with detraining (-22.7%) in the PLHA group compared with the Control group (19.9 and -6.7%, respectively). In conclusion, combined training and the subsequent period of detraining caused similar responses in body composition, isometric strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness of PLHA and CG, except for the extensor strength of the lower limbs and ventilatory threshold 1, which presented positive effects on training and negative effects on detraining for PLHA. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03075332.

Influence of curcumin supplementation on metabolic and lipid parameters of people living with HIV/AIDS: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Scientific studies have shown that the potential therapeutic efficacy of curcumin in several diseases is due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Consequently, curcumin supplementation seems to be a valuable alternative for HIV-infected individuals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of curcumin supplementation on substrate oxidation at rest, body composition, and the lipid profile of physically active people living with HIV/AIDS under antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: This double-blind, crossover, randomized clinical trial was comprised of 20 subjects divided into experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups, receiving 1000 mg curcumin/day and placebo, respectively, during a 30-day period. Substrate oxidation at rest was assessed by indirect calorimetry, body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and the lipid profile was evaluated by blood tests. Data analysis was performed by independent samples and paired t-tests to compare the differences between groups and times. A p-value < 0.05 was accepted as significant. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups regarding substrate oxidation at rest or body composition. However, serum triglyceride levels were increased after curcumin supplementation (182 vs. 219 mg/dL; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Curcumin supplementation promoted the elevation of serum triglyceride levels in HIV-infected subjects. Further studies with a larger sample cohort, different curcumin doses, and longer intervention times are needed to validate current observations. In addition, the influence of physical activity, dietary intake, and genetic polymorphisms must be considered in future studies to better understand the impact of curcumin supplementation on the lipid profile of people living with HIV/AIDS under antiretroviral therapy.

Impact of curcumin on energy metabolism in HIV infection: A case study.

Prolonged use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with dyslipidemia and impaired energy substrate oxidation (SOxi). Curcumin is a natural bioactive compound, which interacts with molecular targets and holds important metabolic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on energetic metabolism of an adult female with HIV/AIDS and under ART. The intervention was performed with 500 mg/day of curcumin for 27 days. Glycemic and lipid profile and SOxi at rest were evaluated before and after intervention. After intervention, improvement of lipid profile and insulin sensibility was observed. Moreover, there was a positive modulation of SOxi at rest. Oral curcumin supplementation can positively modulate the energy metabolism of people living with HIV/AIDS using the ART. However, clinical studies are required in order to confirm our findings in a representative sample.

Quality of life, socioeconomic and clinical factors, and physical exercise in persons living with HIV/AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether socioeconomic and clinical aspects and the aspects of healthy life habits are associated with the quality of life of persons living with HIV/AIDS. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional exploratory quantitative research, with 227 persons living with HIV/AIDS, treated at two hospitals of reference between April 2012 and June 2014. We used structured questionnaires to assess socioeconomic aspects (gender, age, education level, marital status, race, socioeconomic status, dependents on family income, employment relationship), clinical parameters (time of disease diagnosis, use and time of medication, CD4 T-cell count, and viral load), and practice of physical exercise. To assess quality of life, we used the Quality of Life questionnaire (HAT-QoL). For characterization of the socioeconomic and clinical data and domains of quality of life, we conducted a descriptive analysis (simple frequency, averages, and standard deviations). We applied linear regression, following a hierarchical model for each domain of quality of life. RESULTS: The domains that presented lower averages for quality of life were financial concern, concern with confidentiality, general function, and satisfaction with life. We found associations with the variables of socioeconomic status and physical exercise, therapy, and physical exercise for the last two domains, consecutively. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of life of persons living with HIV/AIDS shows losses, especially in the financial and confidentiality areas, followed by general function of the body and satisfaction with life, in which socioeconomic and clinical aspects and healthy living habits, such as the practice of physical exercise, are determining factors for this reality. OBJETIVO: Analisar se aspectos socioeconômicos, clínicos e de hábitos de vida saudável estão associados à qualidade de vida em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa quantitativa exploratória de corte transversal, com 227 pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids, atendidos em dois hospitais de referência entre os períodos de abril 2012 a junho de 2014. Foram utilizados questionários estruturados para avaliar aspectos socioeconômicos (sexo, idade, escolaridade, estado civil, cor de pele, status socioeconômico, dependentes da renda familiar, vínculo empregatício), parâmetros clínicos (tempo de diagnóstico da doença, uso e tempo de medicação, contagem de células TCD4 e carga viral) e prática de exercício físico. Para avaliar qualidade de vida, utilizou-se o questionário Quality of Life (HAT-QoL). Para caracterização dos dados socioeconômicos, clínicos e domínios da qualidade de vida, conduzimos análise descritiva (frequência simples, médias e desvios-padrão). Aplicamos regressão linear, seguindo um modelo hierárquico para cada domínio da qualidade de vida. RESULTADOS: Os domínios que apresentaram menores médias para a qualidade de vida foram preocupação financeira, preocupação com sigilo, função geral e satisfação com a vida. Foram encontradas associações com as variáveis status socioeconômico e exercício físico; terapia; e exercício físico para os dois últimos domínios, consecutivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids apresentam prejuízos, principalmente nas questões financeiras e de sigilo, seguidos da função geral do corpo e satisfações com a vida, em que os aspectos socioeconômicos, clínicos e hábitos de vida saudável, como a prática de exercício físico, são fatores determinantes para essa realidade.

Quality of life, socioeconomic and clinical factors, and physical exercise in persons living with HIV/AIDS / Qualidade de vida, fatores socioeconômicos e clínicos e prática de exercício físico em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze whether socioeconomic and clinical aspects and the aspects of healthy life habits are associated with the quality of life of persons living with HIV/AIDS. METHODS This is a cross-sectional exploratory quantitative research, with 227 persons living with HIV/AIDS, treated at two hospitals of reference between April 2012 and June 2014. We used structured questionnaires to assess socioeconomic aspects (gender, age, education level, marital status, race, socioeconomic status, dependents on family income, employment relationship), clinical parameters (time of disease diagnosis, use and time of medication, CD4 T-cell count, and viral load), and practice of physical exercise. To assess quality of life, we used the Quality of Life questionnaire (HAT-QoL). For characterization of the socioeconomic and clinical data and domains of quality of life, we conducted a descriptive analysis (simple frequency, averages, and standard deviations). We applied linear regression, following a hierarchical model for each domain of quality of life. RESULTS The domains that presented lower averages for quality of life were financial concern, concern with confidentiality, general function, and satisfaction with life. We found associations with the variables of socioeconomic status and physical exercise, therapy, and physical exercise for the last two domains, consecutively. CONCLUSIONS The quality of life of persons living with HIV/AIDS shows losses, especially in the financial and confidentiality areas, followed by general function of the body and satisfaction with life, in which socioeconomic and clinical aspects and healthy living habits, such as the practice of physical exercise, are determining factors for this reality.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar se aspectos socioeconômicos, clínicos e de hábitos de vida saudável estão associados à qualidade de vida em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. MÉTODOS Pesquisa quantitativa exploratória de corte transversal, com 227 pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids, atendidos em dois hospitais de referência entre os períodos de abril 2012 a junho de 2014. Foram utilizados questionários estruturados para avaliar aspectos socioeconômicos (sexo, idade, escolaridade, estado civil, cor de pele, status socioeconômico, dependentes da renda familiar, vínculo empregatício), parâmetros clínicos (tempo de diagnóstico da doença, uso e tempo de medicação, contagem de células TCD4 e carga viral) e prática de exercício físico. Para avaliar qualidade de vida, utilizou-se o questionário Quality of Life (HAT-QoL). Para caracterização dos dados socioeconômicos, clínicos e domínios da qualidade de vida, conduzimos análise descritiva (frequência simples, médias e desvios-padrão). Aplicamos regressão linear, seguindo um modelo hierárquico para cada domínio da qualidade de vida. RESULTADOS Os domínios que apresentaram menores médias para a qualidade de vida foram preocupação financeira, preocupação com sigilo, função geral e satisfação com a vida. Foram encontradas associações com as variáveis status socioeconômico e exercício físico; terapia; e exercício físico para os dois últimos domínios, consecutivamente. CONCLUSÕES A qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids apresentam prejuízos, principalmente nas questões financeiras e de sigilo, seguidos da função geral do corpo e satisfações com a vida, em que os aspectos socioeconômicos, clínicos e hábitos de vida saudável, como a prática de exercício físico, são fatores determinantes para essa realidade.

SOMATÓTIPO E IMAGEM CORPORAL EM PESSOAS VIVENDO COM HIV/AIDS / SOMATOTYPE AND BODY IMAGE IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS / SOMATOTIPO E IMAGEN CORPORAL EN PERSONAS QUE VIVEN CON VIH/SIDA

RESUMO Introdução: A terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade (HAART) está associada ao surgimento de diversos efeitos adversos na população com HIV/Aids, dentre as quais, a lipodistrofia. Caracterizada pela reorganização anormal de gordura pelo corpo, é um dos efeitos mais relevantes, envolvendo riscos cardiometabólicos e prejuízos na imagem corporal. Objetivo: Analisar a somatotipia e a imagem corporal em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por cinco mulheres (47,8 ± 6,53 anos) em uso da HAART e fisicamente ativas. Foi realizada uma intervenção com o treinamento concorrente e aconselhamento dietético e avaliou-se a conformação corporal pelo somatótipo e a imagem corporal pela escala de silhuetas. Resultados: Não houve diferença na classificação do somatótipo, entretanto, os resultados apontaram diferença significativa para a análise da distância de dispersão entre somatótipos (DDS) na 1ª semana (DDS = 2,63) e 16ª semana de intervenção (DDS = 2,96), quando avaliado pelas médias; e quando avaliado individualmente, verificou-se diferença significativa tanto na DDS quanto na distância espacial entre somatótipos (DES) nos casos 1, na 8ª semana (DDS = 3,20 e DES = 1,01) e 16.a semana (DDS = 2,73); e caso 3, na 1ª semana (DDS = 9,25 e DES = 1,44) e 16ª semana (DDS = 8,06 e DES = 1,37). Quanto à imagem corporal, observou-se a aproximação da imagem atual à imagem ideal (imagem atual inicial = 6; imagem atual final = 5; e imagem ideal inicial e final = 3). Conclusão: O programa de treinamento concorrente associado à orientação nutricional produziu resultados positivos tanto no somatótipo quanto na percepção da imagem corporal das participantes, comprovando sua eficácia no controle da lipodistrofia e na satisfação da imagem corporal do grupo avaliado.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with the emergence of many adverse effects on the population with HIV/Aids, one of which is lipodystrophy. Characterized by abnormal fat reorganization throughout the body, it is one of the most significant effects, involving cardiometabolic risks and impaired body image. Objective: To analyze the somatotype and body image of people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: The sample consisted of five women (47.8 ± 6.53 years), physically active and in use of HAART. An intervention with concurrent training and dietary counseling was performed, evaluating body shape by somatotype and body image by the scale of silhouettes. Results: There was no difference in the classification of somatotype, however, the results showed a significant difference for the analysis of dispersal distance between somatotypes (DDS) in the 1st week (DDS = 2.63) and 16th week of intervention (DDS = 2.96) when evaluated by means; when evaluated individually, there was a significant difference both in DDS and in spatial distance between somatotypes (DES) in case 1, in the 8th week (DDS = 3.20 and DES = 1.01) and 16th week (DDS = 2.73); and case 3, in the 1st week (DDS = 9.25 and DES = 1.44) and 16th week (DDS = 8.06 and DES = 1.37). In relation to body image, it was observed that the actual image is closer to the ideal image (initial actual image = 6; final actual image = 5, and initial and final ideal Image = 3). Conclusion: The concurrent training program, associated with nutritional counseling, produced positive results in both somatotype and body image perception of the participants, proving its effectiveness in controlling lipodystrophy and improving the body image satisfaction of the evaluated group.

RESUMEN Introducción: La terapia antirretroviral altamente activa (HAART) se asocia con la aparición de muchos efectos adversos sobre la población con VIH/SIDA, entre ellos la lipodistrofia. Caracterizada por la reorganización anormal de grasa por el cuerpo, es uno de los efectos más significativos que implica riesgos cardiometabólicos y pérdidas en la imagen corporal. Objetivo: Analizar el somatotipo y la imagen del cuerpo en las personas que viven con el VIH/SIDA. Métodos: La muestra estuvo constituida por cinco mujeres (47,8 ± 6,53 años) en uso de HAART y físicamente activas. Una intervención se realizó con el entrenamiento concurrente y asesoramiento dietético y fueran evaluadas la conformación del cuerpo pelo somatotipo y la imagen corporal por la escala de siluetas. Resultados: No hubo diferencias en la clasificación del somatotipo, sin embargo, los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas para el análisis de la distancia de dispersión entre somatotipos (DDS) en la 1a semana (DDS = 2,63) y 16a semana de la intervención (DDS = 2,96), cuando se evaluado por los promedios; y cuando se evaluó de forma individual, se encontró diferencia significativa tanto en el DDS como en la distancia espacial entre somatotipos (DES), en los casos 1, en la 8a semana (DDS = 3,20 y DES = 1,01) y 16a semana (DDS = 2,73); y caso 3 en la 1a semana (DDS = 9,25 y = DES 1,44) y 16a semana (DDS = 8,06 y = DES 1,37). Con relación a la imagen del cuerpo, se observó la aproximación de la imagen actual con la imagen ideal (imagen actual inicial = 6; imagen actual final = 5, E imagen ideal inicial y final = 3). Conclusión: El programa de entrenamiento concurrente asociado con orientación nutricional ha producido resultados positivos tanto en el somatotipo como en la percepción de la imagen corporal de las participantes, lo que demuestra su eficacia en el control de la lipodistrofia y en la satisfacción de la imagen corporal del grupo evaluado.

Efeitos do treinamento concorrente e aconselhamento dietéticona lipodistrofia e sua repercussão na adesão ao tratamentodo HIV/aids: um relato de caso / Effects of concurrent training and dietary advice in lipodystrophy and their impact on adherence to treatment for HIV/AIDS: a case report

Objetivos: Descrever as mudanças corporais relacionadas à lipodistrofia de um homem com HIV/aids, após um programa de treinamento concorrente e aconselhamento dietético, e suas repercussões na adesão ao tratamento.Descrição do Caso: Indivíduo de sexo masculino, 48 anos, sedentário, diagnosticado 13 anos antes como HIV positivo. Foi realizada uma intervenção com o treinamento concorrente e aconselhamento dietético e avaliou-se a composição corporal e a resposta virológica e imunológica ao exercício, que apresentou resultados satisfatórios.Conclusões: O treinamento concorrente mostrou-se um método efetivo como terapia coadjuvante para o paciente em vigência de terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade, melhorando a lipodistrofia e a adesão ao tratamento...

Aims: To describe the body changes associated with lipodystrophy of a man with HIV/AIDS, after a program of concurrent training anddietary advice, and their impact on treatment adherence.Case Description: A male patient, 48 years old, sedentary, was diagnosed 13 years before as HIV positive. An intervention was performedwith concurrent training and dietary advice. The body composition and virological and immunological response to exercise were evaluated,and had satisfactory results.Conclusions: Concurrent training proved to be an effective method as adjuvant therapy for patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy,improving the lipodystrophy and the adherence to treatment...