Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, phosphorus and organic residues in Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. seedlings.

Studies have underscored a growingdemand for innovative practices in the cultivation of seedlings from forest species, with a notable emphasis on the utilization of organic waste, inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and phosphate fertilization. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of organic residues, inoculation with AMF, and phosphorus on the growth and quality of Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub. seedlings. Two independent experiments were conducted. In Experiment I, treatments included inoculation with various AMF species: control (without inoculation), Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus heterosporum, Rhizophagus clarum, and MIX (a combination of the three AMF species), all in conjunction with varying doses of phosphorus (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 mg kg-1 soil). In Experiment II, treatments comprised a control group (without AMF) and inoculation with Glomus clarum, Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora albida, Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, and MIX (a combination of the four AMF species), each associated with four substrates: S1) soil + coarse sand - SCS, S2) SCS + poultry manure, S3) SCS + cattle manure, and S4) SCS + sheep manure. Peltophorum dubium seedlings exhibited heightened growth with the inoculation of R. heterosporum, R. clarum, and MIX. Positive responses were observed in seedlings when exposed to organic residues, particularly sheep manure, resulting in increased biomass production and enhanced Dickson quality index. The AMF inoculation, specifically with R. heterosporum, R. clarum, and MIX, provided optimal growth conditions for P. dubium seedlings. Remarkably, the utilization of organic residues, notably substrates with chicken manure and cattle manure, exerted substantial positive effects on both growth and quality of P. dubium seedlings.

Perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro de jurema preta e neem sobre amostras de staphylococcus sp. isoladas de mastite em búfalas

ABSTRACT Buffaloes ranching presents illnesses similar to those of cattle, such as mastitis, causing losses for the producers, in regard to therapeutics. The improper antibiotic use of antibiotics increases the bacterias resistance, making it increasingly more difficult to treat mastitis, owing to the need to discover new effective compounds. The present study was aimed to evaluate the alternative control of mastitis with plants of the semi-arid region of Paraiba State, Brazil: jurema preta [Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poiret] and neem (Azadiracta indica). The leaves of neem were collected on farms in the county of Patos, and the bark of jurema preta was collected from the farm of the Federal University of Campina Grande UFCG, Campus of Patos, with subsequent preparation of the ethanolic extract. The samples of Staphylococcus sp. were collected from milk of buffaloes with subclinical mastitis and sown in Petri plates containing agar-base complemented by 8% of defibrinated sheep blood. The plates were incubatedin a bacteriological chamber at 37º C, and the reading was carried out at 24 and 48 hs. The assays were carried out in duplicate, and the final result was determined by the arithmetic mean of halo inhibition. The ethanolic extract of jurema preta was efficient when compared with that of neem, on coagulasenegative Staphylococcus isolated from cases of subclinical mastitis in buffaloes.

RESUMO Os bubalinos apresentam doenças semelhantes às de bovinos, como a mastite, causando grandes prejuízos pecuaristas, no que se refere a terapêutica. O uso indevido de antibióticos aumenta a resistência, o que torna cada vez mais difícil o tratamento da mastite, devido a necessidade de descobrir novos compostos que sejam eficazes. Este trabalho visa avaliar alternativa de tratamento da mastite com plantas do Semi-árido paraibano Jurema preta [ Mimosa tenuiflora (Wild) Poiret] e Neem (Azadiracta indica). As folhas de Neem foram coletadas em árvores de fazendas do Município de Patos, PB, e casca de Jurema preta foi da fazenda da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Campus de Patos, em seguida, preparado o extrato etanólico. As amostras de Staphylococcus sp. foram coletadas de leite de búfalas com mastite subclínica e semeadas em placas de Petri contendo ágar-base acrescido de 8% de sangue desfibrinado de ovino. As placas foram incubadas em estufa bacteriológica a 37º C e a leitura foi realizada com 24 e 48h. Os ensaios foram realizados em duplicata e o resultado final foi determinado pela média aritmética dos halos de inibição. O extrato etanólico de Jurema preta foi eficaz quando comparado ao de Neem, sobre Staphylococcus coagulase negativa isolados de casos de mastite subclínica em búfalas.