Anatomy of the paranasal sinuses of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus Linnaeus, 1758) and radiographic positioning for diagnosis of these structures.

BACKGROUND: Callithrix jacchus, it is a species highly targeted by wild animal traffickers and, when apprehended, they need veterinary care. For safe therapeutic procedures, knowledge of anatomy is essential, as well as for diagnostic by imaging, good radiographic positioning is essential. METHODS: The anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and the radiographic projections was described using 10 carcasses of common marmosets. Radiographs were taken in two panoramic views of their head: profile and frontal-naso. For the anatomical study, paramedian and transverse macroscopic sections and microscopic transverse sections were performed. RESULTS: On the radiographs, it was possible to identify the frontal recess and maxillary sinuses in profile and frontal-naso incidences. In the anatomical study, the frontal recess and maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid paranasal sinuses were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The ethmoidal sinus could be observed only microscopically and the sphenoidal sinus difficult to see on the radiography due to the overlapping adjoining structures.

Anatomy and morphometry of the skull of Amazona aestiva (Linnaeus, 1758; Psittaciformes, Aves) / Anatomia e morfometria do crânio de Amazona aestiva (Linnaeus, 1758; Psittaciformes, Aves)

Obtaining craniometric data is key to establishing parameters that can help in the anatomic identification and understanding of species. The aim of the present study was to establish the craniometric data and describe the main skull bones and structures of Amazona aestiva, which has become common in veterinary clinics, originated from the legalized purchase or trafficking of animals. A total of 20 adult specimens were used, donated for studies by the Paraíba Wild Animal Screening Center (Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres da Paraíba (CETAS-PB)/IBAMA-PB, Brazil. The skulls were dissected and macerated with water. First were identified the frontal, maxilla, mandible, nasal, jugal and quadrate bones that served as a base to identify other bone structures that were then compared with the skull of other bird species already described in the literature, especially psitacids. Values were obtained by measuring with a digital pachymeter, and the maximum skull length was 63.0 mm, the maximum width 33.0 mm and the rhamphotheca was 33.8 mm long. No significant differences were observed between males and females and well developed cranial kinesis was a remarkable characteristic of the species. The data obtained serve as a base to identify and characterize the species. These data can also aid in the clinic, imaging and veterinary surgery.

A obtenção de dados craniométricos é fundamental para o estabelecimento de parâmetros que auxiliem na identificação anatômica e na compreensão das espécies. O objetivo do presente estudo foi estabelecer os dados craniométricos e descrever os principais ossos e estruturas do crânio do Amazona aestiva, que se tornou comum em clínicas veterinárias, oriundos de aquisição legal ou tráfico de animais. Foram utilizados 20 indivíduos adultos, doados para estudos do Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres da Paraíba (CETAS-PB) / IBAMA-PB, Brasil. Os crânios foram dissecados e macerados com água. Identificaram-se os ossos frontal, maxilar, mandibular, nasal, jugal e quadrado, que serviram de base para identificar outras estruturas ósseas que foram então, comparadas com o crânio de outras espécies de aves já descritas na literatura, principalmente psitacideos. Valores numéricos foram adquiridos através de mensuração com paquímetro digital, sendo o comprimento máximo do crânio de 63,0 mm, largura máxima de 33,0 mm e ranfoteca de 33,8 mm de comprimento. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre machos e fêmeas e, uma craniocinese bem desenvolvida foi característica marcante da espécie. Os dados obtidos servem de base para identificar e caracterizar as espécies. Estes dados também podem auxiliar na clínica, imagem e cirurgia veterinária.

Heart anatomy and topography of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus Linnaeus, 1758).

INTRODUCTION: The morphological study of wild animals serves as a base for more advanced studies in clinical medicine, surgery, and pathology. Due to an urgent need and demand for professionals specialized in this area, studies of this nature have become indispensable and so the objective of the present study was to describe the heart morphology of Callithrix jacchus. METHODS: Ten anatomic pieces of common marmoset were used. The hearts were removed and dissected for better visualization and thus to makes a detailed description of the structures of the organ of the C jacchus species. RESULTS: The C jacchus heart is similar to that of other mammals, with small anatomical modifications such as division of the apex by the interventricular grooves, shallow fossa ovalis, and less salient intervenous tubercle. CONCLUSIONS: This study may serve as taxonomic base for research and also as a basis for clinical and surgical procedures with the C jacchus.

Trachea and lung anatomy applied to clinical and surgical procedures in Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823).

BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to study the anatomy of the respiratory system of Sapajus libidinosus. METHODS: Ten corpses of adult animals were used. To analyze the bronchial tree, transparent acetic silicone was injected and then dissected. RESULTS: The trachea presented a mean of 32 rings. These spaces were delimited for tracheostomy and tracheotomy between the 1st and 3rd ring or between the 9th and 11th ring, and for thoracocentesis at the 7th or 8th intercostal space. For tracheostomy and tracheotomy, the best access point was in the ventral region of the neck and transverse incision of the rings. For thoracocentesis, cranioventral insertion of the catheter is recommended in the 8th intercostal space. CONCLUSIONS: The trachea and lung anatomy applied to clinical and surgical procedures the robust capuchin monkey is similar to both wild and domestic carnivores.

Lobation and bronchopulmonary segmentation of Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758) / Lobação e segmentação broncopulmonar de Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Abstract The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) are small primates belonging to the family Cebidae, subfamily Callitrichinae and are the most well-known and common in adaptation to captivity. The scarcity of data in the literature on the anatomy of these marmosets and wild animals hinders the application of appropriate anesthetic and surgical procedures and therapeutics. In order to understand the anatomic variations in the lobation and bronchopulmonary segmentation the lungs were dissected from nine adult common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) corpses, five males and four females. In the marmosets, the right lung presented cranial lobe, middle lobe, caudal lobe and accessory lobe while the left lung presented cranial and caudal lobes. The fissures were very pro-eminent in both the lungs. The main right bronchus emitted independent branches, one for each lobe, and it followed in a straight line in the caudal lobe as a continuation of this bronchus and the same was observed in the main left bronchus. The bronchopulmonary segmentation in the right lung ranged from one to five branches in the cranial lobe; the middle lobe had a single branch; the caudal lobe had three to five branches and the accessory lobe had three branches. In the left lung the cranial lobe bronchopulmonary segmentation ranged from one to five branches while in the caudal lobe it was three to four branches.

Resumo: Os saguis-de-tufos-brancos (Callithrix jacchus) são pequenos primatas que pertencem à família Cebidae, subfamília Callitrichinae e são os mais conhecidos e comuns na adaptação ao cativeiro. A escassez de dados disponíveis na literatura sobre a anatomia desses saguis e de animais silvestres dificulta a aplicação de procedimentos anestésicos, cirúrgicos e terapêuticos apropriados. Visando conhecer as variações anatômicas da lobação e segmentação broncopulmonar foram dissecados os pulmões de nove cadáveres de saguis-de-tufos-brancos (Callithrix jacchus) adultos, sendo cinco machos e quatro fêmeas. Nos saguis, o pulmão direito apresentou lobo cranial; lobo médio; lobo caudal e lobo acessório; e o pulmão esquerdo os lobos cranial e caudal. As fissuras são bem proeminentes em ambos os pulmões. O brônquio principal direito emitiu ramos independentes, um para cada lobo, sendo que no lobo caudal seguiu em linha reta como a continuação deste brônquio e o mesmo foi observado no brônquio principal esquerdo. Em relação à segmentação broncopulmonar, o pulmão direito apresentou no lobo cranial variando de um a cinco ramos; lobo médio com um único ramo; o lobo caudal com três a cinco ramos e o acessório com três ramos. No pulmão esquerdo o lobo cranial teve uma variação de um a cinco e no caudal foi de três a quatro ramos.

Morfologia dos órgãos genitais externos do macho de cutia (Dasyprocta aguti. Linnaeus, 1766) / Morphology of the external male genital organs of agouti (Dasyprocta aguti. Linnaeus, 1766)

Foram utilizados vinte e três cutias (D. aguti), machos, adultos, adquiridos em criatórios científicos, legalmente licenciados pelo IBAMA, da Universidade Federal do Piauí - UFPI, Teresina, PI e da Escola Superior Agrícola de Mossoró - ESAM, Mossoró, RN, com o objetivo de descrever morfologicamente os órgãos genitais masculinos externos, abordando aspectos histológicos e macroscópicos destes órgãos. Foi realizada a dissecação dos órgãos genitais externos dos espécimes. Fragmentos foram coletados e submetidos ao processamento histológico de rotina para inclusão em parafina, os quais foram cortados e corados pelos métodos de H/E e Tricômico de Masson e observados em microscópio de luz. Os resultados mostraram que o pênis destes animais possui características do tipo fibrocavernoso, com grande quantidade de estruturas queratinizadas no seu ápice. No terço médio do pênis da cutia foi evidenciado uma flexura peniana em forma de "U" deitado; a glande do pênis encontra-se revestida por uma epiderme queratinizada contendo espículas córneas; um osso peniano substituindo o corpo cavernoso e um saco suburetral ventral, com dois longos esporões córneos no seu interior, estão presentes no pênis desses espécimes. Na região escrotal não se observa limites externos nítidos do escroto. Dorsalmente, abaixo da lâmina interna do prepúcio, próximo ao óstio prepucial, verifica-se um par de glândulas prepuciais.

Thirty-thee males adult agoutis (Dasyprocta aguti) had been used, originated from the Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) - Piauí State, and from the Escola Superior de Agricultura de Mossoró (ESAM) - Rio Grande do Norte State - Brazil. The purpose of the present investigation was describly the morfology of male genital organs and caracterized the histology aspects and their gross caracteristics. It was carry out an dissections of the extenal organs genital. The fragments were included in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Tricomy of the Masson and observed in light microscopic .The result showed that the penis is fibrocavernous with large amounts of the keratizaded structures in the their apex. In third part of the penis was evidencied an curved with form of the "U" lying. The glans was covering to keratinized epiderm with many espicules, an bone penis has been replaced the carvernous body. In the part ventral of the penis there was suburethal sac with two long projection corneus. In the Scroral region there wasn't distintict external limits with scrotum. Under of the internal layer of the prepuce, next to the preputial orifice, there was two preputial gland.