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Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; Rev. cient. (Maracaibo);19(5): 495-499, sept.-oct. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-551222

RESUMO

Con el objetivo de evaluar el sistema de cama profunda para la crianza porcina a pequeña escala en Cuba, se realizó un experimento en el que se utilizaron 72 cerdos (machos castrados y hembras) de la raza YL (Camborough) de aproximadamente 21 kg de peso vivo y 75 días de edad distribuidos en un diseño de experimentos en bloques al azar en dos tratamientos (T1, cama profunda basada en heno de gramíneas y T2, piso de concreto) con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento. Los animales de ambos tratamientos consumieron un alimento balanceado de mediana calidad basado en harina de soya y maíz y un 30 por ciento del subproducto cubano del trigo (subproducto de la molinería del trigo en la industria alimenticia cubana), con miel enriquecida de caña de azúcar. Se midieron los rasgos de comportamiento animal hasta el peso de sacrificio (100 kg). Hubo diferencias significativas en el consumo y la conversión alimentaria (P<0,05) entre los cerdos alojados en cama profunda y piso de concreto: 2,53; 2,74; 3,42 y 3,63, respectivamente. Se observaron diferencias significativas (P<0,01) para el nitrógeno y fósforo en el material de la cama al final de la experiencia en comparación al inicio: 1,79 y 0,58, respectivamente. No hubo presencia de Salmonella spp ni huevos de helmintos, por lo que la calidad sanitaria de la cama al final del estudio permitió continuar con el segundo ciclo de crianza. Se ahorraron 177 m³ de agua con este sistema. Se concluye que el sistema de crianza porcina en cama profunda evaluado genera un impacto económico y ambiental importante con respecto al sistema de crianza convencional que sienta las bases para la generalización de esta tecnología a pequeña y mediana escala en Cuba.


To evaluate the deep bedding system for the swine production in Cuba at small scale, it was carried out this experiment. Seventy two pigs (castrated males and females), YL (Camborough) cross, of approximately 21 Kg live weight and 75 days average age were used. The pigs were distributed into a random block design with two treatments (T1, deep bedding based on gramineous hay and T2, concrete floor). The animal performance traits (up to approximately 100 kg live weight) were studied. The animals of both treatments consumed a balanced feed based on soybean and corn meal and 30 percent of the wheat Cuban byproduct (byproduct of the wheat milling in the Cuban feeding industry), with enriched sugar cane molasses. There were significant differences for the consumption and the alimentary conversion (P<0.05) to the pigs housed in deep bedding system respecting to the pigs housed in concrete floor: 2.53, 2.74; 3.42 and 3.63, respectively. Significant differences were obtained (P<0.01) for the nitrogen and the phosphorous in the bedding material at the end of the experience: 1.79 and 0.58, respectively. There was not presence of Salmonella spp. neither helmints eggs. The sanitary quality of the bedding material, at the end of the study guaranteed to continue with a second production cycle. It was saved 177 m³ of water with this system. It was conclude that the evaluated deep bedding system for the swine production generates an important economic and environmental impact respecting to the conventional housing system and offers the main aspects to generalize this technology to the small and medium scale in Cuba.


Assuntos
Animais , Animais Domésticos , Helmintos/patogenicidade , Comportamento de Nidação , Resultado do Tratamento , Medicina Veterinária
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