Exploring food intake networks and anhedonia symptoms in a Chilean Adults sample.

INTRODUCTION: high-calorie and sugar-sweetened food is considered more pleasant food. People with anhedonia symptoms have difficulties experiencing pleasure in daily activities. However, is still unclear if anhedonia symptomatology increases palatable food consumption in the Chilean Adults sample. OBJECTIVE: to explore food networks in the Chilean Adults sample and in people with anhedonia symptom. METHODS: the sample was recruited through digital platforms. Pregnant or lactating women and subjects under pharmacological treatment or psychotherapy were excluded. A total of 1242 subjects, 76.6% women, with a mean age of 30.7 (SD 9.3) and who were highly educated, participated in the study. Data were collected through an online survey. A questionnaire on food consumption based on daily and weekly frequency was used, as well as the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale to measure anhedonia symptoms. We employed the Gaussian graph model (GGM) to analyze food consumption as networks. We started with the total sample, and then we repeated the analysis on a subsample with anhedonia symptoms, and next on a subsample with exclusively food-related anhedonia. RESULTS: in the total sample, a positive and strong relationship was observed between fruits and vegetables, as well as a negative association with the triad of sugar-sweetened beverages, fast food, and fried food. The network in anhedonic subjects shows that "pasta, rice & potatoes" and "bread" have a stronger association and a more central place in the network compared those without anhedonia symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with anhedonia symptoms have a more central consumption of foods with a high or medium glycemic index compared to subjects without anhedonia symptoms, which could trigger the development of chronic diet-related diseases.

Bodyweight change and its association with food and beverage consumption at the beginning COVID-19 confinement.

OBJECTIVES: SARS-CoV-2, a newly identified coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has challenged health services and profoundly impacted people's lifestyles. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic on food consumption patterns and body weight in adults from 12 Ibero-American countries. METHODS: Multicentric, cross-sectional study. Data was collected using an online survey disseminated by social networks. The sample included 10 552 people from Spain and 11 Latin American countries who were selected by snowball sampling. RESULTS: While 38.50% of the sample reported weight gain, 16.90% reported weight lost. Weight change was associated with sex, age, country of residence, and education level. People who were not confined more often reported having maintained their weight in comparison to people who were confined. All Latin American countries showed an increased consumption of sweetened drinks, pastry products, fried foods, and alcoholic beverages during confinement. Consumption of eggs and dairy products was independent from body weight change. People who consumed more fruits and vegetables during confinement more often reported having lost weight. In contrast, body weight gain during confinement was associated with increased intake of sugary drinks, baked goods and pastries, pizza, fried foods, and alcoholic beverages. CONCLUSION: During COVID-19 confinement, the Latin American countries included in this study showed a change in their consumption patterns toward less healthy diets, which in turn was associated with an increase in the body weight of their population.

Quality of the diet during the COVID-19 pandemic in 11 Latin-American countries.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The confinement by COVID-19 has affected the food chain and environments, which added to factors such as anxiety, frustration, fear and stress have modified the quality of the diet in the population around the world. The purpose of this study was to explore diet quality during the COVID-19 pandemic in 11 Latin American countries. METHODOLOGY: Multicentric, cross-sectional study. An online survey was applied to residents of 11 Latin-American countries, during April and May 2020, when confinement was mandatory. Diet quality was evaluated using a validated questionnaire. RESULT: 10,573 people participated in the study. The quality of the food by country shows that Colombia presented the best quality, while Chile and Paraguay presented the lowest. When comparing the overall results of diet quality by gender, schooling and age, women, people with more schooling and people under 30 years of age, presented better diet quality. The regression model showed that the variables associated with diet quality were: age (df = 3, F = 4. 57, p < 0.001), sex (df = 1, F = 131.01, p < 0.001), level of education (df = 1, F = 38.29, p < 0.001), perception of weight change (df = 2, F = 135.31, p < 0.001), basis services (df = 1, F = 8.63, p = 0.003), and quarantine (df = 1, F = 12.14, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: It is necessary for governments to intervene to reverse these indicators, considering that inadequate feeding favors the appearance of no communicable diseases, which favor a higher risk of infection and worse prognosis with COVID-19.

Psychological factors of diet quality among rural populations of Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the relationship between symptoms of anxiety and/or anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure) and diet quality during confinement due to COVID-19 in rural populations in Latin America. METHODS: This was a multicentric, cross-sectional study. An online survey was applied, which included the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale for assessing the presence of anhedonia, the Food Intake Questionnaire and sociodemographic questions. RESULTS: The study included 10 552 people from 11 countries; 708 participants were living in rural areas. More than half of the participants were quarantined at the time of the survey. Diet quality was inversely associated with anhedonia (p<0.001) and anxiety (p=0.003). In addition, a healthier diet was associated with being female (p=0.030), having a higher level of education (p=0.008) and country of residence (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Among the rural population during the COVID pandemic, this study found a worse diet quality was associated with symptoms of anhedonia and anxiety, as well as lower level of education and being male. Proposals to improve the quality of the diet could include interventions aimed at people's mental health.

Consumo de bebidas azucaradas durante la pandemia por Covid-19 en doce países iberoamericanos: Un estudio transversal

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el consumo de bebidas azucaradas (BA) durante el confinamiento por la pandemia por Covid-19 y su relación con factores sociodemográficos y dietéticos. Material y Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico. Fueron invitados a participar residentes en 12 países (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, España, Guatemala, México, Perú, Paraguay, Panamá y Uruguay) a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario online de consumo de alimentos e indicadores sociodemográficos. Resultados: Se analizaron 10.573 cuestionarios. Con respecto al consumo de BA el 78,0% de las mujeres tuvieron un consumo bajo versus un 69,2% de los hombres. Por edad, las frecuencias de consumo de BA fueron similares según grupo etario. Por nivel educacional, un 13,4% personas con nivel universitario reportó un excesivo consumo de BA versus un 23,1% de personas de con nivel de educación primaria o básica (p<0,001). Por procedencia, urbano o rural, la frecuencia de consumo de BA fue similar. Según auto reporte un 19,0% aumento de peso por consumo excesivo de BA versus un 10,4% de aquellos que bajaron de peso (p<0,001). Cifras similares se encontró en auto reporte de cambio de tamaño de porción, un 19,3% que aumentaron su porción consumieron BA en exceso versus un 10,0% que disminuyeron el tamaño de porción. Finalmente, en un modelo de regresión: ser de sexo masculino, tener entre 40 y 59 años, nivel académico primario, el aumento de peso y presentar cambios en la dieta, aumentaron la probabilidad de tener un nivel alto de consumo BA. Conclusión: el consumo de BA en general es bajo, pero relevantemente excesivo en algunos grupos de las variables de estudio, además existe una relación entre el consumo de BA y las variables estudiadas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) during confinement due to the Covid-19 pandemic and its relationship with sociodemographic and dietary factors. Material and Methods: Multicenter study. Citizens residing in 12 countries were invited to participate (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Spain, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, Paraguay, Panama, and Uruguay) to whom an online survey on food consumption and sociodemographic indicators was applied. Results: 10,573 questionnaires were analyzed. Regarding the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, 78.0% of women had low consumption versus 69.2% of men. Frequency of SSB consumption was similar according to age group. For education, 13.4% of people with a university-level education reported excessive consumption versus 23.1% of people with a primary or basic education level (p<0.001). The frequency of SSB consumption was similar by urban versus rural residence. According to self-report, 19.0% of weight gain was due to excessive consumption of SSB compared to 10.4% of those who lost weight (p<0.001). Similar figures were found in self-reported portion size change, 19.3% who increased their portion consumed SSB in excess versus 10.0% who decreased portion size. Finally, in a regression model: being a man, being between 40 and 59 years old, primary academic level, weight gain, and presenting changes in diet, increased the probability of having a high level of SSB consumption. Conclusion: The consumption of SSB, in general, is low but excessively relevant in some groups of the study variables, in addition, there is a relationship between the consumption of SSB and the variables studied.

The Role Played by Public Universities in Mitigating the Coronavirus Catastrophe in Brazil: Solidarity, Research and Support to Local Governments Facing the Health Crisis.

This study aims to assess the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil and how it has been dealt with by both the government and in civil society. To this end, we examine the Brazilian public health system and the measures taken by the Bolsonaro Government that led to Brazil being ranked second in overall Covid-19 infections in the world through August 2020. In the absence of national leadership facing the Covid-19 health crisis, we list a set of science-based initiatives promoted by Brazilian public universities in connection with local governments, NGOs and communities as a means of mitigating the consequences and spread of the pandemic. This study is based on the consultation of institutional material published by universities summarizing their research and outreach initiatives. Results reveal that university initiatives included: 1) Alerts to society on the risks of the pandemic, with an emphasis on establishing observatories that assisted local governments and civil society in understanding the evolution of the disease, as well as in implementing measures for its prevention; 2) Direct assistance to local communities, with emphases on the addition of beds in university hospitals for treating patients with Covid-19 and on the manufacturing of personal protective equipment and; 3) Research to find solutions to prevent and treat the disease, with emphases on the development of tests for Covid-19, as well as on carrying out phase 3 vaccine trials. Through these measures, Brazilian public Federal Universities played a key role in supporting both civil society and local governments in mitigating the impacts of the pandemic.

Anxiety, anhedonia and food consumption during the COVID-19 quarantine in Chile.

The current epidemic of COVID-19 has gained attention and highlighted the need for a better understanding of the population's mental health. Diet has been identified as an environmental determinant of mental health. In this regard, it has been suggested that the consumption of palatable foods represents a strategy to mitigate negative emotions, such as anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the association between symptoms of anxiety and/or anhedonia to food consumption patterns during the period of COVID-19 quarantine in Chile. We conducted a cross-sectional study with non-randomized sampling via an online survey. A total of 1725 responses were collected. Each person self-answered the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale for anhedonia, the Food Intake Questionnaire, and questions regarding type and duration of lockdown, as well as body weight and food serving variation. Significant correlations were observed between fried food consumption and self-reported body weight. The subjects who consumed fried food three times a week, had higher weight (63.5%) (χ2 = 48.5 and p < 0.001). Those who ate one and two or more pastries on a week had 1.41 and 1.49, respectively higher odds of reporting increased body weight. We found a relationship anxiety level and sugar-sweetened beverages level (χ2 = 25.5; p 0.013), fast food intake (χ2 = 63.4; p < 0.001), and pastry consumption (χ2 = 37.7; p < 0.001). In conclusion, it is important to monitor the evolution of these findings since they could represent a risk of increased health problems in the future post-lockdown period.

Sulfate Resistance in Cements Bearing Ornamental Granite Industry Sludge.

This study explores the effect on sulfate resistance of the use of ornamental granite industry waste as a supplementary cementitious material (at replacement ratios of 10% and 20%) in cement manufacture. The present paucity of scientific knowledge of the behaviour of these new cements when exposed to an external source of sulfates justifies the need for, and the originality of, this research. After characterising the waste chemically and mineralogically, cement paste specimens were prepared in order to determine the durability of the newly designed eco-cements using Köch-Steinegger corrosion indices. The new hydration products, which might induce microstructural, mineralogical, or morphological decay in the specimens, were also analysed by comparing the samples before and after soaking in a sodium sulfate solution for different test periods. Respect to the results, the damage to pastes bearing 10% granite sludge (GS) is the same as observed in OPC, whilst the former exhibit a higher Köch-Steinegger corrosion rate (1.61) than both OPC and OPC+20GS. Soaking the pastes in sodium sulfate induces matrix densification due to ettringite formation and gypsum precipitation in the pores. Further to those results, at an optimal replacement ratio of 10%, these alternative, eco-friendlier materials can be used in the design and construction of non-structural cement-based (mortar or concrete) members exposed to an external source of sulfate.

Esofagectomía mínimamente invasora: experiencia en el Hospital de San José / Minimally invasive esophagectomy: experience at Hospital San José, Bogotá, Colombia

El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar nuestra experiencia con la esofagectomía mínimamente invasora y determinar su impacto sobre una serie de variables. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 20 pacientes a quienes se les practicó una esofagectomía mínimamente invasora entre el 1° de enero de 2009 y el 31 octubre del 2010: 14 hombres y 6 mujeres, con un promedio de edad de 57 años. Trece tenían neoplasias del esófago y, siete, enfermedades benignas. En trece se llevó a cabo una esofagectomía transhiatal por laparoscopia. En siete se utilizó un abordaje combinado por toracoscopia y laparoscopia. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 234 minutos. El sangrado promedio fue de 200 ml. El promedio de estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos fue de 4,8 días. Tres pacientes fallecieron. Hubo ocho complicaciones. El tiempo promedio de hospitalización fue de 10,5 días. La esofagectomía mínimamente invasora es un procedimiento factible y seguro desde el punto de vista técnico. La indicación del procedimiento y la selección del abordaje deben hacerse de manera individual, teniendo en cuenta el tipo de enfermedad, las enfermedades asociadas, los recursos disponibles y la destreza y experiencia del grupo quirúrgico. Los principales beneficios demostrados hacen referencia a la disminución de la hemorragia, la reducción de la necesidad de la unidad de cuidados intensivos, la disminución del dolor y del tiempo de hospitalización, y el regreso más temprano a las actividades normales. La esofagectomía mínimamente invasora es un procedimiento que debe ser llevado a cabo en centros de alto nivel de complejidad y por cirujanos expertos. El impacto y los beneficios de esta intervención en el tratamiento del cáncer del esófago no están bien definidos y deben determinarse con estudios prospectivos aleatorios.

The purpose of this paper is to review our initial experience with minimally invasive esophagectomy and to determine its impact on several variables. We went over the charts and clinical records of 20 patients who underwent MIE between January 2009 through December 2010. Twenty patients underwent MIE between January 2009 through december 2010. Fourteen were men and 6 were women. Age averaged 57 years (range 29 to 82). The indication for MIE was esophageal cancer in 13 patients and benign disease in 7. .Thirteen underwent laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy and gastric pull-up to the neck: Seven patients had combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic approach. Operating room time averaged 234 min. (range 180 to 360 min). Intraoperative bleeding averaged 200 ml (range 50 to 500 ml). Average stay in ICU was 4.8 days. There were 3 postoperative deaths. There were 8 complications. Total hospital stay averaged 10.5 days (range 7 to 25 days). MIE is technically feasible and safe. The indication for the procedure and selection of the surgical approach has to be done on an individual basis, taking in consideration criteria such as primary disease (benign vs cancer), comorbidities, available resources and expertise of the surgical team. Main benefits are reduction in operative bleeding, postoperative pain, need for ICU, days in hospital and earlier return to work and normal lifestyle. MIE is a complex operation that must be performed in high complexity centers with high volume of esophageal surgery performed by expert surgeons. The impact of MIE on esophageal cancer needs to be defined by well designed prospective randomized trials.

Ocupação cabocla e extrativismo madeireiro no alto capim: uma estratégia de reprodução camponesa / Caboclo occupation and timber extractivism at upper capim river: a peasant reproduction strategy

Com o avanço da atividade madeireira através da Bacia Amazônica, comunidades localizadas ao longo das fronteiras madeireiras passam a ter oportunidade de vender os direitos de extração da madeira de suas áreas. O valor localmente percebido e as decisões das populações locais sobre a forma de uso de seus recursos contrastam fortemente com as visões globalmente construídas sobre o valor da floresta tropical. Este valor local é baseado em representações que consideram a importância local dos produtos florestais e no contexto em que estas representações são construídas. Para explorar esta temática, o artigo começa com uma reconstrução do histórico de uma comunidade cabocla enfocando nas dinâmicas de uso da floresta. Para os comunitários, a madeira sempre representou uma herança que poderia ser gasta ao longo do tempo. A madeira foi o principal produto da floresta com valor de mercado e, até recentemente, sua extração não reduziu significativamente o acesso aos outros produtos florestais. A madeira, então, foi vista como uma herança com valor de troca e uso não conflituoso. Quatro fatores sócio-econômicos influenciaram a continuidade das vendas de madeira mesmo quando as perdas no consumo de produtos não madeireiros ficaram evidentes: 1) relações paternalistas entre os compradores da madeira e os caboclos; 2) dificuldades de gestão comum dos recursos; 3) especialização na extração de madeira e dependência de produtos externos e; 4) crescente envolvimento no mercado que demandou maior quantidade de dinheiro para suprir novas necessidades.

Patología pulmonar en pacientes con tratamiento oncológico sistémico: hallazgos tomográficos y resultados anatomopatológicos / Pulmonary disease in the oncologic immunosupressed patient: CT and pathologic examination findings

Las complicaciones pulmonares agudas son una importante causa de morbimortalidad en los pacientes con tratamiento oncológico sistémico. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la utilidad de la TC en la evaluación de las complicaciones pulmonares que se presentan en estos pacientes. Se revisaron retrospectivamente estudios tomográficos de tórax de 26 pacientes con tratamiento oncológico sistémico (transplante de médula ósea, quimioterapia, radioterapia). El rango etario de los pacientes fue de 6 a 66 años (media de 37,96 años) y se incluyeron 14 mujeres y 12 varones. Dieciocho casos recibieron transplante de médula ósea (alogénico o autólogo) y doce pacientes tuvieron examen histopatológico. En 13 casos, la consolidación del espacio aéreo fue el hallazgo predominante por TC. Concluimos que los patrones tomográficos en pacientes con tratamiento oncológico sistémico son relativamente inespecíficos. Por lo tanto, los hallazgos tomográficos deberán ser siempre interpretados en el contexto clínico adecuado (AU)

Patología pulmonar en pacientes con tratamiento oncológico sistémico: hallazgos tomográficos y resultados anatomopatológicos / Pulmonary disease in the oncologic immunosupressed patient: CT and pathologic examination findings

Las complicaciones pulmonares agudas son una importante causa de morbimortalidad en los pacientes con tratamiento oncológico sistémico. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la utilidad de la TC en la evaluación de las complicaciones pulmonares que se presentan en estos pacientes. Se revisaron retrospectivamente estudios tomográficos de tórax de 26 pacientes con tratamiento oncológico sistémico (transplante de médula ósea, quimioterapia, radioterapia). El rango etario de los pacientes fue de 6 a 66 años (media de 37,96 años) y se incluyeron 14 mujeres y 12 varones. Dieciocho casos recibieron transplante de médula ósea (alogénico o autólogo) y doce pacientes tuvieron examen histopatológico. En 13 casos, la consolidación del espacio aéreo fue el hallazgo predominante por TC. Concluimos que los patrones tomográficos en pacientes con tratamiento oncológico sistémico son relativamente inespecíficos. Por lo tanto, los hallazgos tomográficos deberán ser siempre interpretados en el contexto clínico adecuado

Resonancia magnética en la patología del antepié / MR imaging of the fore foot

Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de imágenes por Resonancia Magnética de pacientes con presentación clínica de dolor de antepié, con radiología simple negativa y diagnóstico clínico poco claro. Está enfocado particularmente a un subgrupo de pacientes con presentación clínica confusa, radiología y centellografía no diagnósticas. La resonancia magnética demostró hallazgos categóricos u orientadores en los casos presentados en la revisión. Entre ellos incluimos un caso de sesamoiditis, dos casos de neuroma de Morton, un caso de infracción de Freiberg, un caso de fractura de stress y un caso de granuloma por cuerpo extraño. Se concluye que en pacientes con dolor del antepié, con presentación clínica equívoca, la resonancia magnética permite una aproximación diagnóstica de la etiología del dolor, aportando datos sobre la extensión del proceso e información adicionaal sobre el estado osteoligamentario de las articulaciones metatarso-falángicas, ofreciendo una excelente ayuda para la planificación quirúrgica, que muchas veces es el tratamiento de elección (AU)

Resonancia magnética en la patología del antepié / MR imaging of the fore foot

Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de imágenes por Resonancia Magnética de pacientes con presentación clínica de dolor de antepié, con radiología simple negativa y diagnóstico clínico poco claro. Está enfocado particularmente a un subgrupo de pacientes con presentación clínica confusa, radiología y centellografía no diagnósticas. La resonancia magnética demostró hallazgos categóricos u orientadores en los casos presentados en la revisión. Entre ellos incluimos un caso de sesamoiditis, dos casos de neuroma de Morton, un caso de infracción de Freiberg, un caso de fractura de stress y un caso de granuloma por cuerpo extraño. Se concluye que en pacientes con dolor del antepié, con presentación clínica equívoca, la resonancia magnética permite una aproximación diagnóstica de la etiología del dolor, aportando datos sobre la extensión del proceso e información adicionaal sobre el estado osteoligamentario de las articulaciones metatarso-falángicas, ofreciendo una excelente ayuda para la planificación quirúrgica, que muchas veces es el tratamiento de elección

Metodología diagnóstica multimodal en osteonecrosis de rodilla / Osteonecrosis of the Knee: correlation of clinical findings, radiographic staging, radionuclide and MR imaging

La osteonecrosis espontánea de rodilla es una enfermedad típica de pacientes añosos caracterizada por un dolor de comienzo agudo. La causa exacta de esta entidad ha sido largamente debatida, pero aún se desconoce. Se presentan 17 pacientes estudiados con examen clínico, radiología convencional, centellografía, resonancia magnética (RM) y anatomía patológica. El objetivo es valorar la capacidad diagnóstica de las diferentes modalidades imagenológicas empleadas para la detección de los estadios tempranos de la enfermedad. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos revela excelente sensibilidad, que es similar para la centellografía y RM. Este último método agrega una cuota de mayor especificidad por su excelente definición anatómica y la caracterización tisular. El diagnóstico precoz posibilita un tratamiento con buenas chances de éxito, que puede resultar ineficaz en las fases tardías de la enfermedad (AU)

Metodología diagnóstica multimodal en osteonecrosis de rodilla / Osteonecrosis of the Knee: correlation of clinical findings, radiographic staging, radionuclide and MR imaging

La osteonecrosis espontánea de rodilla es una enfermedad típica de pacientes añosos caracterizada por un dolor de comienzo agudo. La causa exacta de esta entidad ha sido largamente debatida, pero aún se desconoce. Se presentan 17 pacientes estudiados con examen clínico, radiología convencional, centellografía, resonancia magnética (RM) y anatomía patológica. El objetivo es valorar la capacidad diagnóstica de las diferentes modalidades imagenológicas empleadas para la detección de los estadios tempranos de la enfermedad. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos revela excelente sensibilidad, que es similar para la centellografía y RM. Este último método agrega una cuota de mayor especificidad por su excelente definición anatómica y la caracterización tisular. El diagnóstico precoz posibilita un tratamiento con buenas chances de éxito, que puede resultar ineficaz en las fases tardías de la enfermedad