Influencia de la cultura machista en la práctica de ejercicio físico en personas adultas mayores / Influência da cultura machista na prática de exercício físico em idosos / Influence of patriarchy on the practice of physical exercise in older adults

Resumen Este estudio se realizó para tratar de comprender cuáles son los factores relacionados con la cultura machista que afectan a la práctica de ejercicio físico en personas adultas mayores. Se realizaron cuatro grupos focales en diferentes contextos socioeconómicos con un total de 39 adultos mayores residentes en España. El análisis metodológico es inductivo, emergente, delimitando los discursos de los participantes del estudio de lo específico a lo general, a través del proceso de codificación de la teoría fundamentada. Se presentaron las diferencias entre contextos en cuatro subtemas de la cultura patriarcal y su influencia según el nivel educativo, tiempo tras la jubilación, responsabilidades familiares y apoyo marital. Las mujeres adultas mayores son un grupo vulnerable ante el machismo ya que presentan mayor riesgo y complejidad para detener estas costumbres ya arraigadas, suponiendo una barrera clara a la hora de iniciar la práctica de ejercicio físico.

Resumo Este estudo foi realizado para tentar compreender os fatores relacionados à cultura machista que surgem da prática de exercício físico em idosos. Foram realizados quatro grupos focais em diferentes contextos socioeconômicos com um total de 39 idosos residentes na Espanha. A análise metodológica é indutiva, emergente, delimitando os discursos dos participantes do estudo do específico ao geral, por meio do processo de codificação da teoria fundamentada. As diferenças entre os contextos foram apresentadas em quatro subtópicos da cultura patriarcal e sua influência de acordo com a escolaridade, tempo após a aposentadoria, responsabilidades familiares e apoio conjugal. As mulheres idosas são um grupo vulnerável diante do machismo, pois apresentam maior risco e complexidade para frear esses costumes já arraigados, assumindo uma barreira clara ao iniciar a prática de exercícios físicos.

Abstract This study was carried out to try to understand what are the factors related to the macho culture that affect the practice of physical exercise in older adults. Four focus groups were carried out in different socioeconomic contexts with a total of 39 older adults residing in Spain. The methodological analysis is inductive, emergent, delimiting the discourses of the study participants from the specific to the general, through the coding process of grounded theory. The differences between contexts in four subtopics of patriarchal culture and their influence according to educational level, time after retirement, family responsibilities and marital support were presented. Older women are a vulnerable group in the face of machismo since they present greater risk and complexity to stop these already ingrained customs, assuming a clear barrier when starting the practice of physical exercise.

Feeding on soybean crops changed gut bacteria diversity of the southern green stinkbug (Nezara viridula) and reduced negative effects of some associated bacteria.

BACKGROUND: The southern green stinkbug (Nezara viridula) is a mayor pest of soybean. However, the mechanism underlying stinkbug resistance to soybean defenses is yet ignored. Although gut bacteria could play an essential role in tolerating plant defenses, most studies testing questions related to insect-plant-bacteria interactions have been performed in laboratory condition. Here we performed experiments in laboratory and field conditions with N. viridula and its gut bacteria, studying gut lipid peroxidaxion levels and cysteine activity in infected and unifected nymphs, testing the hypothesis that feeding on field-grown soybean decreases bacterial abundance in stinkbugs. RESULTS: Gut bacterial abundance and infection ratio were higher in N. viridula adults reared in laboratory than in those collected from soybean crops, suggesting that stinkbugs in field conditions may modulate gut bacterial colonization. Manipulating gut microbiota by infecting stinkbugs with Yokenella sp. showed that these bacteria abundance decreased in field conditions, and negatively affected stinkbugs performance and were more aggressive in laboratory rearing than in field conditions. Infected nymphs that fed on soybean pods had lower mortality, higher mass and shorter development period than those reared in the laboratory, and suggested that field conditions helped nymphs to recover from Yokenella sp. infection, despite of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased cysteine proteases activity in nymphs' guts. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that feeding on field-grown soybean reduced bacterial abundance and infection in guts of N. viridula and highlighted the importance to test functional activities or pathogenicity of microbes under realistic field conditions prior to establish conclusions on three trophic interactions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Characterized non-transient microbiota from stinkbug (Nezara viridula) midgut deactivates soybean chemical defenses.

The Southern green stinkbug (N. viridula) feeds on developing soybean seeds in spite of their strong defenses against herbivory, making this pest one of the most harmful to soybean crops. To test the hypothesis that midgut bacterial community allows stinkbugs to tolerate chemical defenses of soybean developing seeds, we identified and characterized midgut microbiota of stinkbugs collected from soybean crops, different secondary plant hosts or insects at diapause on Eucalyptus trees. Our study demonstrated that while more than 54% of N. viridula adults collected in the field had no detectable bacteria in the V1-V3 midgut ventricles, the guts of the rest of stinkbugs were colonized by non-transient microbiota (NTM) and transient microbiota not present in stinkbugs at diapause. While transient microbiota Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Streptomyces sp., Staphylococcus sp. and others had low abundance, NTM microbiota was represented by Yokenella sp., Pantoea sp. and Enterococcus sp. isolates. We found some isolates that showed in vitro ß-glucosidase and raffinase activities plus the ability to degrade isoflavonoids and deactivate soybean protease inhibitors. Our results suggest that the stinkbugs´ NTM microbiota may impact on nutrition, detoxification and deactivation of chemical defenses, and Enterococcus sp., Yokenella sp. and Pantoea sp. strains might help stinkbugs to feed on soybean developing seeds in spite of its chemical defenses.

Event-related potentials and event-related oscillations during identity and facial emotional processing in schizophrenia.

Impairments in emotional recognition have been consistently reported in schizophrenic patients. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate time-sequenced responses in ERPs and event-related oscillations during emotional recognition of happiness and fear compared to facial identity recognition in schizophrenic patients (SCH) versus healthy controls (CON). Ten paranoid SCH and ten CON subjects performed three oddball paradigm tasks, evaluating face identity recognition and facial emotional recognition of happiness and fear. Event-related potentials and event-related theta and alpha oscillations were obtained for each task. N170 and P2 components appeared with higher amplitude in SCH than in CON at the occipital locations. An early prefrontally distributed P3a component was observed while doing the identity task with lower amplitude in SCH than in CON. Comparatively, P3b amplitude was lower in SCH than in CON over parietal leads in the identity and happiness tasks. Additionally, theta oscillations showed significantly lower RMS values in SCH between 250 and 500 ms post-stimuli in frontal and central regions. On the other hand, the grand-averaged alpha oscillations demonstrated higher RMS values in the occipital leads in SCH compared to CON and the opposite over the frontal regions. Results are interpreted in the framework of a functional disruption in the distributed neuronal networks involved both in facial identity and emotional recognition in schizophrenics as indexed by the brain oscillatory activity and related ERP components.

Infarto de apéndice epiploico e infarto segmentario de epiplón mayor / Epiploic appendagitis and omental infarction: diagnostic imaging findings

El infarto de apéndice epiploico y el infarto segmentario del epiplón mayor son las dos causas infrecuentes de abdomen agudo no quirúrgicos, que suelen simular otras patologías quirúrgicas, como diverticulitis, apendicitis o colecistitis. Ambos presentan similar clínica, pronóstico y tratamiento. Entre noviembre de 1998 y agosto de 2001, se diagnosticaron 10 casos de infarto de apéndice epiploico y 6 de infarto segmentario del epiplón mayor mediante US, con confirmación posterior mediante TC de 6 infartos de apéndice epiploico y los 6 infartos segmentarios del epiplón mayor. Un paciente presentó una asociación de púrpura de Schöenlein-Henoch con infarto segmentario del epiplón mayor. Todos fueron tratados en forma conservadora. El US y la TC permiten un correcto diagnóstico, evitando así cirugías innecesarias. El propósito del presente trabajo es describir las características clínicas, ecográficas y tomográficas y correlacionar éstos resultados con la bibliografía

Infarto de apéndice epiploico e infarto segmentario de epiplón mayor / Epiploic appendagitis and omental infarction: diagnostic imaging findings

El infarto de apéndice epiploico y el infarto segmentario del epiplón mayor son las dos causas infrecuentes de abdomen agudo no quirúrgicos, que suelen simular otras patologías quirúrgicas, como diverticulitis, apendicitis o colecistitis. Ambos presentan similar clínica, pronóstico y tratamiento. Entre noviembre de 1998 y agosto de 2001, se diagnosticaron 10 casos de infarto de apéndice epiploico y 6 de infarto segmentario del epiplón mayor mediante US, con confirmación posterior mediante TC de 6 infartos de apéndice epiploico y los 6 infartos segmentarios del epiplón mayor. Un paciente presentó una asociación de púrpura de Sch÷enlein-Henoch con infarto segmentario del epiplón mayor. Todos fueron tratados en forma conservadora. El US y la TC permiten un correcto diagnóstico, evitando así cirugías innecesarias. El propósito del presente trabajo es describir las características clínicas, ecográficas y tomográficas y correlacionar éstos resultados con la bibliografía (AU)