The effect of match congestion on hip adductor squeeze strength in youth rink hockey players

Introduction Groin injuries are common among rink hockey players. Monitoring the main risk factors can reduce the likelihood of suffering such injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a competitive congestion period on the squeeze strength of the hip adductor muscles in a group of adolescent rink hockey players, and whether the strength reduction exceeded the injury risk threshold (>15%) for sustaining a groin injury. Materials and Methods Twenty U-16 athletes (9 females) participated in the study. Eighty-three adductor strength measurements were recorded after 10 games (2109 min of play). Function was assessed using the Sport subscale of the Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) questionnaire. A simple linear regression model was used to analyze the accumulated time-strength relationship, and the pre-tournament and post-tournament HAGOS results were compared. Results The accumulation of games resulted in a significant strength reduction in male players' (R2= 0.27), but not in females. Eighty-five percent of the sample had their strength reduced to values at risk compared to baseline strength, but none of them stopped their activity due to discomfort in the groin region. HAGOS results were not affected by the competitive congestion (p = 0.07–0.48). Conclusion Match congestion can negatively impact adductor strength. However, there may not be a relationship between strength loss above 15% and the appearance of a groin injury. (AU)

Isokinetic thigh muscles strength in semi-professional athletics: A one season prospective cohort study

Introduction: Continuous evaluations of athletes, including strength testing, can help control performance improvement or facilitate the restoration of normality after an injury. The aim of the present study was to prospectively determine the peak torque (PT), angle at which PT is achieved, and functional ratios of flexors and extensors thigh muscles during one season. Material and methods Thirty semi-professional male athletes competing in long jumping (n = 10), javelin throwing (n = 10), and sprinting (n = 10) participated. PT was evaluated in relation to limb length; the angle at which PT was achieved was obtained from the force-curve displayed in the isokinetic dynamometer; functional ratios were calculated by dividing concentric hamstring strength by eccentric quadriceps strength (flexor ratio) or vice-versa for the extensor ratio. Assessment was performed at 60º/s and 300º/s. Results Significant variations were seen for both extensor and flexor PTs at different stages of the season, with moderate to large effect sizes observed (effect size (d) = 0.49–0.93). Functional ratios and the angle at which peak torque was achieved remained stable throughout the season. Conclusions Thigh muscle strength is unstable throughout a track and field season, coaches or medical staff should consider these findings when programming training sessions or rehabilitating an athlete. (AU)

Funcionalidad y fuerza de aductores en jugadores de hockey sobrepatines de alto nivel / Adductor functionality and strength in high-level rink hockey players

Objetivo: Evaluar la fuerza de los músculos aductores y la funcionalidad en jugadores de hockey sobre patines de alto nively su relación con sufrir dolor inguinal (DI) en la temporada anterior. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio transversal donde se registraron los valores de fuerza mediante el Squeeze Test de5 segundos (5SST), y la funcionalidad de la cadera e ingle mediante el cuestionario Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) enuna población de 11 jugadores de hockey sobre patines de alto nivel. Resultados: La prevalencia total de DI fue de 81,8% (en la anterior temporada el 54% sufrió DI), de los cuales un 18,2% llegóa detener la práctica deportiva. La fuerza media para el 5SST es de 254,68N (3,25Nm/kg) y la funcionalidad alcanzó los 90/100puntos en el cuestionario HAGOS para toda la muestra. La fuerza muscular fue similar entre jugadores que habían sufridoDI con pérdida de tiempo durante la última temporada y jugadores sanos en (p =0,261-0,948; g: 0,04-0,85). Se encontrarondiferencias significativas en las siguientes subescalas del cuestionario HAGOS: Dolor, actividades deportivas y recreacionales,y calidad de vida entre ambos grupos (p =0,005-0,042; g: 0,34-2,65; r: 0,3-0,61). Conclusión: Más de la mitad de los jugadores sufrieron DI, de los cuales un tercio llegó a detener su actividad. La funcionalidadmedida a través del HAGOS se erige como el principal indicador que mostró diferencias entre grupos. Los servicios médicosde jugadores jóvenes de hockey sobre patines deberían usar este cuestionario para poder detectar precozmente la aparicióny evitar la progresión de esta lesión.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate adductor strength and groin function in high level rink hockey players and its relationship with groinpain in the previous season. Material and method: A cross-sectional study was performed where hip/groin strength and function was assessed via 5seconds Squeeze Test and Hip and Groin Ouctome Score in 11 high level rink hockey players. Results: Overall prevalence for groin pain was 81.8% (54% of the participants suffered groin pain during the previous season),and 18.2% suffered time-loss groin pain. Mean strength in the 5SST was 254.68N (3.25Nm/Kg) and HAGOS questionnairereached 90/100 points in the whole sample. Similar adductor strength values were observed between healthy athletes andpreviously injured who suffered time-loss groin pain (P=0.261-0.948; g: 0.04-0.85). Statistically significant differences werefound for the following HAGOS subscales: Pain, function, sports and recreational activities, and quality of life between groups(P=0.005-0.042; g: 0.34-2.65; r: 0.3-0.61). Conclusion: More than a half of the participants suffered groin pain, of which one third suffered time-loss groin pain. Functionassessed via HAGOS seems to be the main proxy that discriminates between groups. Medical staff should implement thisquestionnaire to detect and avoid the progression of this injury.(AU)

Characterising groin pain in rink hockey: Function and five-second squeeze in Spanish players.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between history of past season groin pain and current pain during the five-second squeeze test (5SST) with groin function and adductor strength in rink hockey players. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: First (Ok Liga), Second (Plata) and third division (Bronce) clubs. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-eight female and 183 male hockey players. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Seasonal prevalence of groin pain (time/non-time-loss). Adductor strength and pain during the 5SST. Function was evaluated with the Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). RESULTS: Seasonal time-loss groin pain prevalence was 21%. Male players had 3.5 higher odds of having had an episode of time-loss groin pain during the previous season compared to female players. The adductor relative strength was no different between players with and without previous season groin injury (p = 0.53-0.55), while the HAGOS results differed between groups, with past season groin injury players obtaining lower values in all subscales. HAGOS scores differed between the 5SST pain intensity groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Male players had higher odds of having had a groin injury in the previous season compared to female players. Players with pain during 5SST and previous season groin injury reported functional deficits, while strength remains identical to their healthy counterparts.

Predicción del Síndrome Informático Visual mediante la adicción a videojuegos en estudiantes chinos y españoles / Prediction of computer vision syndrome by video game addiction in Chinese and Spanish students

Introducción: El uso de los videojuegos, por la extensión que ha llegado a alcanzar durante la pandemia de la COVID-19, es una variable relevante de estudio, especialmente por sus interacciones con aspectos de la salud mental y visual. Objetivo: predecir el nivel de Síndrome informático visual a partir de un índice optimizado sobre el nivel de adicción en estudiantes universitarios de dos poblaciones: española y china. Material y Métodos: Se administró un cuestionario online con tres instrumentos validados: un cuestionario para evaluar el juego con videojuegos (CHCVI), un cuestionario para evaluar la adicción a los videojuegos (CERV) y un cuestionario para detectar el síndrome visual por ordenador (CSQ). Los tres cuestionarios se aplicaron a una muestra de 253 estudiantes, tanto de universidades chinas como españolas. Para establecer las predicciones, se construyeron índices robustos basados en el análisis factorial de los instrumentos administrados. Finalmente, se aplicó una regresión logística para obtener un modelo matemático útil para predecir el Síndrome Informático Visual. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron un mayor síndrome informático visual y apetito por los videojuegos en los estudiantes españoles, y menores puntuaciones de síndrome informático visual pero una mayor alteración de la vida cotidiana en los estudiantes chinos debido a este tipo de ocio. Además, se comprobó que los estudiantes de la muestra china tenían un menor riesgo de padecer el síndrome informático visual, y que tener mayores niveles de adicción implicaba 1,4 veces más probabilidades de sufrir dicho síndrome. Conclusiones: Los presentes hallazgos demuestran una relación hasta ahora inexplorada entre la adicción a los videojuegos y los síntomas visuales relacionados con el abuso del ocio electrónico.

Introduction: The use of video games, due to the extent that it has reached during the COVID-19 pandemic, is a relevant study variable especially because of its interactions with aspects of mental and visual health. Objective: to predict the occurrence of computer vision syndrome according to the level of addiction to video games in university undergraduates during a particular period of uncertainty due to health and mobility restrictions imposed by governments as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: To accomplish this objective, an online questionnaire was administered with three validated instruments: a questionnaire to assess playing video games (CHCVI), a questionnaire to evaluate video games addiction (CERV), and a questionnaire to detect computer vision syndrome (CSQ). The three questionnaires were applied to a sample of 253 students from both Chinese and Spanish universities. To establish the predictions, robust indexes were constructed based on the Factor Analysis of the instruments administered. Finally, logistic regression was applied to predict computer vision syndrome. Results: The results showed greater computer vision syndrome and appetite for video games in Spanish students, and lower computer vision syndrome scores but a greater alteration of daily life in chinese students due to this type of leisure. Moreover, it was found that students from the Chinese sample entailed a lower risk of suffering from computer vision syndrome, and that having higher levels of addiction involved 1,4 times more likelihood of suffering from such syndrome. Conclusions: The present findings demonstrate a previously unexplored relationship between video games addiction and visual symptoms related to screen exposure.

Effects of Dog-Assisted Education on Physical and Communicative Skills in Children with Severe and Multiple Disabilities: A Pilot Study.

Animal-assisted interventions have shown promising benefits in different populations such as children with cerebral palsy or autism spectrum disorder. Human-animal interaction leads to different physical, cognitive, and emotional benefits in the child. The aim of the current pilot study was to evaluate the effects of a dog-assisted education program on the postural, oculomotor, linguistic and autonomy dimensions in children affected by severe and multiple disabilities. Fourteen children aged 3-12 years and affected by intellectual and physical disabilities participated in a dog-assisted program consisted of 12 sessions. The intervention involved different types of activities, exercises, and games with the dogs. A strict protocol to ensure animal wellbeing and avoid any type of stress or fatigue was followed. Children who participated in the study improved their postural control, eye-motor coordination, expression of sensations and feelings, spontaneous interaction, autonomy, and confidence. However, these results must be taken with caution due to the lack of a control group and the heterogeneity of the participants.

Effect of microbiota on the physiology of blood-tissue barriers.

Las uniones estrechas (UE) son estructuras altamente complejas que se localizan en la porción más apical de la membrana basolateral y están compuestas por una serie de proteínas, como claudinas, ocludinas y proteínas de la familia ZO. Las UE restringen el paso de sustancias potencialmente dañinas o microorganismos a lo largo del espacio paracelular, y participan de manera importante en procesos de mecanotransducción y señalización intercelular. Aunque la ultraestructura de las UE les permiten funcionar como una barrera en varios tejidos, como en la barrera hematoencefálica y la barrera hematotesticular, estas son propensas a cambios en su composición, lo cual podría disminuir sus características de permeabilidad. En este sentido, se ha demostrado que ciertos microorganismos enteropatógenos son capaces de desensamblar o modificar las propiedades de permeabilidad de las UE en las barreras hematotisulares. En particular, se ha estudiado cómo la microbiota contribuye a la formación, la función y el mantenimiento de las UE en varios nichos inmunitariamente privilegiados, tales como el tracto gastrointestinal, el sistema nervioso central y los testículos. Por lo tanto, resulta primordial comprender los mecanismos fisiológicos por los cuales la microbiota puede modificar la función de las barreras hematotisulares, con el -objetivo de diseñar nuevas estrategias terapéuticas que mejoren los efectos dañinos de varias enfermedades sobre nichos inmunitariamente privilegiados en el humano.Tight-junctions (TJ) are a highly complex structure located in the most apical portion of the basolateral membrane, composed of series of proteins, such as claudins, occludins and proteins of the ZO family. TJ restrict the passage of potentially harmful substances or microorganisms through paracellular space and participate importantly in the mecanotransduction and intercellular signaling processes. Although the complex structure of TJ, allow them function as barrier in various tissues, such as brain-blood-barrier and testicular-blood-barrier, these barriers are prone to changes decreasing its permeability features. The contribution of microbiota in the formation, function and maintenance of TJ in various immunologically privileged niches, such as gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system and testicles have been recently studied. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that certain pathogenic microorganisms are able to disassemble or modify the permeability of TJ in blood-tissue barrier. Thereby, it is central to understand the physiological mechanisms of how microbiota could modify the function of epithelial blood barriers in order to design new therapeutic strategies to ameliorate harmful effects of many human diseases.

Intervención educativa en el estado nutricional y conocimiento sobre alimentación y actividad física en escolares / Educational intervention on nutritional status and knowledge on diet and physical activity in school children

Resumen:

Introducción: actualmente, la obesidad a nivel internacional, nacional y regional forma parte importante de un desafío por resolver.

Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa en el estado nutricional y el nivel de conocimientos sobre alimentación y actividad física en escolares.

Metodología: estudio cuasiexperimental en una muestra de 12 escuelas, se seleccionó por muestreo aleatorio simple a 368 escolares para valorar el estado nutricional y a 352 escolares para medir el nivel de conocimientos.

Resultados: la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad se presentó en ambos sexos en 43.3% antes y 44% después de la intervención, con mayor prevalencia en niños. Hubo diferencia significativa del IMC en el grupo control y en las niñas del grupo de estudio. Después de la intervención, aumento en 83.5% el nivel de conocimientos sobre nutrición en el grupo de estudio y 263.4% en el grupo control. La intervención educativa logró disminuir los índices de peso bajo, pero incrementó el sobrepeso y la obesidad.

Conclusiones: La intervención educativa puede ser efectiva para incrementar conocimientos en nutrición e inducir a los niños a modificaciones significativas en los hábitos de salud. Se sugiere mayor participación de los padres para lograr mejores resultados.

Abstract:

Introduction: Currently obesity at international, national and regional levels is an important part of a challenge to solve.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in the nutritional status and knowledge level about food and physical activity in school.

Methodology: Quantitative study, descriptive, cross-sectional, quasi-experimental. The sample consisted of 368 schoolchildren from 12 schools in the nutritional status. For the knowledge level the sample was 352 students, it was a simple random sampling using the formula for finite populations. RESULTS: The results showed that the educational intervention was able to reduce the rates of low birth weight but increased overweight and obesity. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was present in both male and females, it was 43.3% before the intervention to 44% post-intervention, manifesting mostly in boys than in girls. The T-tests indicated significant differences in the IMC in the control group and in girls in the study group, but no significant difference ¡n the study group were found in children. The level of nutrition knowledge after the educational intervention increased proportionally by 83.59% for the study group and 263.44% in the control group. Conclusions: The educational intervention can be effective in increasing knowledge of nutrition and induce children to significant changes in health habits. Greater parental involvement is suggested for best results.

[What kind of health information search the spinal cord injured patients from Spain on the internet?]. / ¿Qué información sobre su salud buscan los lesionados medulares Españoles en Internet?

INTRODUCTION: Internet is an alternative for health education to the population. Spinal cord injured individuals usually consult the Internet about their health problems. AIM: To identify the health information sources, the more consulted items and the confidence in Internet information of a group of spinal cord injured individuals from Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A survey to spinal cord injured individuals from Spain was conducted, with a questionnaire in Google Drive. It was accessible with a link in ASPAYM-Asturias web page. The questionnaire included epidemiological data and information about Internet use and confidence in its contents. RESULTS: 121 individuals answered the survey, 64% male, with an average age of 45 years. The predominant aetiology was traumatic (70%) and 72% were paraplegics. 83% prefer to consult health care providers directly. More of 70% of the sample searches health problems on the Internet, mostly web pages in Spanish. The preferred item was 'orthopaedic materials and wheelchairs'. 27% of the sample trusts in the Internet information and 32% don't. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides information about Internet use of spinal cord injured individuals in Spain. Although we have to admit some bias in the study, more than 70% of the sample searches health problems on the Internet, mostly web pages in Spanish. About one in four individuals trust in information from Internet and most of the sample prefers recommendations directly from healthcare professionals.

TITLE: Que informacion sobre su salud buscan los lesionados medulares espanoles en Internet?Introduccion. Internet es una alternativa para la educacion sanitaria en la poblacion. Los lesionados medulares consultan la red sobre cuestiones de su salud. Objetivo. Conocer cuales son las fuentes de informacion, los temas sobre salud mas consultados y la confianza en el material obtenido de la red por un grupo de lesionados medulares espanoles usuarios de Internet. Pacientes y metodos. Realizamos una encuesta a lesionados medulares espanoles mediante un cuestionario en Google Drive. Se accedia a el mediante un enlace en la pagina de ASPAYM-Asturias. El cuestionario incluia datos epidemiologicos y cuestiones sobre Internet, fuentes de informacion y confianza en ellas. Resultados. Contestaron 121 lesionados medulares (el 64%, hombres), con una edad media de 45 anos. La etiologia predominante era la traumatica (70%), y en el 72%, las lesiones eran paraplejias. El 83% prefiere consultar al personal sanitario. Busca en Internet mas del 70% de la muestra, y lo hace en paginas web en espanol. El tema de mayor interes es el material ortopedico. El 27% confia mucho o bastante en la informacion de la red, mientras que el 32% lo hace poco o nada. Conclusiones. Los resultados nos aproximan al uso de Internet que hacen los lesionados medulares espanoles. Asumiendo el sesgo inherente en un estudio de este tipo, mas del 70% de la muestra consulta sobre su salud en la red, sobre todo en paginas web espanolas. El tema mas buscado es 'material ortopedico y sillas de ruedas'. Solo uno de cada cuatro confia en los contenidos de la red, y la mayoria prefiere consultar sus problemas de salud directamente con los profesionales sanitarios.

¿Qué información sobre su salud buscan los lesionados medulares españoles en Internet? / What kind of health information search the spinal cord injured patients from Spain on the internet?

Introducción. Internet es una alternativa para la educación sanitaria en la población. Los lesionados medulares consultan la red sobre cuestiones de su salud. Objetivo. Conocer cuáles son las fuentes de información, los temas sobre salud más consultados y la confianza en el material obtenido de la red por un grupo de lesionados medulares españoles usuarios de Internet. Pacientes y métodos. Realizamos una encuesta a lesionados medulares españoles mediante un cuestionario en Google Drive. Se accedía a él mediante un enlace en la página de ASPAYM-Asturias. El cuestionario incluía datos epidemiológicos y cuestiones sobre Internet, fuentes de información y confianza en ellas. Resultados. Contestaron 121 lesionados medulares (el 64%, hombres), con una edad media de 45 años. La etiología predominante era la traumática (70%), y en el 72%, las lesiones eran paraplejías. El 83% prefiere consultar al personal sanitario. Busca en Internet más del 70% de la muestra, y lo hace en páginas web en español. El tema de mayor interés es el material ortopédico. El 27% confía mucho o bastante en la información de la red, mientras que el 32% confía poco o nada. Conclusiones. Los resultados nos aproximan al uso de Internet que hacen los lesionados medulares españoles. Asumiendoel sesgo inherente en un estudio de este tipo, más del 70% de la muestra consulta sobre su salud en la red, sobre todo en páginas web españolas. El tema más buscado es ‘material ortopédico y sillas de ruedas’. Sólo uno de cada cuatro confía en los contenidos de la red, y la mayoría prefiere consultar sus problemas de salud directamente con los profesionales sanitarios (AU)

Introduction. Internet is an alternative for health education to the population. Spinal cord injured individuals usually consult the Internet about their health problems. Aim. To identify the health information sources, the more consulted items and the confidence in Internet information of a group of spinal cord injured individuals from Spain. Patients and methods. A survey to spinal cord injured individuals from Spain was conducted, with a questionnaire in Google Drive. It was accessible with a link in ASPAYM-Asturias web page. The questionnaire included epidemiological data and information about Internet use and confidence in its contents. Results. 121 individuals answered the survey, 64% male, with an average age of 45 years. The predominant aetiology was traumatic (70%) and 72% were paraplegics. 83% prefer to consult health care providers directly. More of 70% of the sample searches health problems on the Internet, mostly web pages in Spanish. The preferred item was ‘orthopaedic materials and wheelchairs’. 27% of the sample trusts in the Internet information and 32% don’t. Conclusions. This research provides information about Internet use of spinal cord injured individuals in Spain. Although we have to admit some bias in the study, more than 70% of the sample searches health problems on the Internet, mostly web pages in Spanish. About one in four individuals trust in information from Internet and most of the sample prefers recommendations directly from healthcare professionals (AU)

Desempeño del rol de cuidador primario y eficiencia del programa Atención Hospitalaria a Domicilio / Caregiver role performance and efficiency of the Home Health Care program

Resumen:

Introducción: el programa de Atención Hospitalaria a Domicilio (ATHODO), del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), se implemento con el fin de llevar atención médica hasta el domicilio de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas o terminales. Como requisito indispensable para formar parte del programa, el paciente debe contar con un cuidador primario, persona en la que recae la responsabilidad del cuidado del paciente.

Objetivo: evaluar el desempeño del cuidador principal y su relación con la eficiencia del programa ATHODO.

Metodología: estudio descriptivo y transversal correlacional en 72 cuidadores principales inscritos en el programa ATHODO. El desempeño del cuidador principal se evaluó con el instrumento elaborado por Landeros y Huitzache "Valoración para el Agente de Cuidado Dependiente", validado con alfa de Cronbach de 0.862; y la eficiencia del programa, con una lista de cotejo realizada conforme a lo establecido en los siete indicadores de calidad que marca el IMSS. Se consideró eficiente si se cumplieron positivamente los siete indicadores.

Resultados: el desempeño del rol de cuidador principal fue bueno en 58 % y regular en 42 %. El programa ATHODO fue evaluado como insuficiente por los cuidadores debido a que no se cumplió favorablemente con los siete indicadores. Se identificó asociación entre desempeño y eficiencia del programa.

Conclusiones: la asociación entre desempeño y eficiencia del programa ATHODO permite proponer acciones que lo perfeccionen y que mejoren el desempeño del cuidador principal.

Abstract:

Introduction: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social's (IMSS) Home Health Care program (ATHODO, according to its initials in Spanish) was implemented to bring medical care to the home of patients with chronic or terminal diseases. As a prerequisite for joining the program, the patient must have a primary caregiver: a person with the responsibility of giving care to him.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the primary caregiver role and its relationship with the efficiency of ATHODO program.

Methodology: A descriptive, correlational cross-sectional study in 72 primary caregivers enrolled in ATHODO. Primary caregiver performance was assessed with the instrument developed by Lan-deros and Huitzache "Valoración para el Agente de CuidadoDependiente" ("Calculation for Dependent Care Agent"), validated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.862. The efficiency of the program was validated with a checklist made as provided in the seven indicators of quality that marks the IMSS. The program was considered efficient if it met with the seven points positively. Results: the performance of the role of primary caregiver was good in 58 %, fair in 42 %. The ATHODO program was evaluated as inefficient by all caregivers, because it didn't met favorably with the seven indicators. An association between performance and efficiency of the program was identified. Conclusions: the association between performance and efficiency of the program allows to propose actions to improve the program and consequently the performance of the primary caregiver.