[Assessment of neurodevelopment in children of different gestational age with neonatal seizures]. / Otsenka nervno-psikhicheskogo razvitiia detei razlichnogo gestatsionnogo vozrasta s neonatal'nymi sudorogami.

AIM: To assess psychomotor development in infants with neonatal seizures (NS) born with different gestational age, by means of Bayley-III scales of infant and toddler development, in their corrected age of 1 year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 52 infants, who had NS and were born with different gestational age: 28 weeks or less (n=26) - group I, 29-32 weeks (n=16) - group II, 33-36 weeks (n=3) - group III, 37-41 weeks (n=7) - group IV. The infants' neurodevelopment was evaluated in their corrected age of 1 year by means of N. Bayley scales of infant and toddler development, third edition: Cognitive, Language, Motor, Social-Emotional, and Adaptive Behavior. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Only 17 (32,7%) of 52 examined infants did not demonstrate any developmental delay on each of five Bayley-III scales. Significant developmental delay (composite score <70) on at least one scale was revealed in 23 (44,2%) patients, including 12 (46,2%) in group I, 5 (31,3%) in group II, 6 (60%) of 10 in the combined group III-IV. In most cases, neurodevelopmental delays were attributed to only one domain and could be indicated as partial. The conclusion about global developmental retardation (the composite scores 55 or less on all five scales) was done in 3 patients, each of whom had a co-morbidity of cerebral palsy and epilepsy.

[Clinical and neurophysiological objectification and evaluation of treatment efficacy in children with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury of the CNS].

OBJECTIVE: To objectify indications for treatment with pantogam in premature infants with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury of the CNS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 71 children, with GA (gestation age) 24-36 weeks (32,9±2,9 weeks), with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury of the CNS, I-II grades, and hyperexitability syndrome. The main group (33 patients) received pantogam in dose 50 mg/kg/day at the adjusted age (AA) 36-40 weeks from the conception. The comparison group included 38 patients. EEG day sleep monitoring was performed before and at the end of treatment. RESULTS: Shortening of sleep cycle was observed in 78,8% children of the main group and in 78,9% of the comparison group. Duration of transitional sleep over 1 min was 78,79% and 81,58%. At AA 44-46 weeks, the frequency of sleep disorders decreased to 45,45% (p=0,012) and 52,63% (p=0,05). Duration of transitional sleep over 1 min was 45,45% and 65,79%. Duration of the latent period of the 2nd stage of slow wave sleep was 6,4±2,57 and 12,5±7,18 min (p=0,0004). CONCLUSION: The treatment reduced sleep disorders, changed the duration of transitional sleep stage and latent period of the 2nd stage of slow wave sleep.

[Computed tomography for the diagnosis of the brain damage in infants]. / Diagnostika porazhenii golovnogo mozga u detei rannego vozrasta s pomoshch'iu komp'iuternoi tomografii.

To optimize the diagnosis, a retrospective analysis of cerebral structural changes in newborns and infants with neurological symptoms has been carried out. X-ray computed tomography has been used in 132 newborns and 494 infants, aged from 1 month to 1 year. The study enabled objective diagnosis for conducting an adequate therapy or correcting a treatment. The reasons for computed tomography using in infants have been updated in the study.

[The neuroradiological aspects of infantile spasms]. / Neiroradiologicheskie aspekty infantil'nykh spazmov.

The observation of 38 children with early form of children epilepsy that is with syndrome of infantile spasms (IS) was performed by means of computed tomography of the brain. The structural alterations of the brain were revealed in 89.5% of cases. They varied from rough developmental anomalies and pronounced destructive phenomena to microdysgenesias and moderate cortical atrophies. These changes were systematized according to the time of the beginning of some alteration on the definite stage of neuro-ontogenesis. There were embryofetal disturbances (23.6%), peri- and postnatal alterations (50%) and combined ones (15.7%). The definite correlation was established between neuroradiological damages, clinical pattern of IS, differentiated policy of the treatment and the prognosis of neuropsychic development of a child.

[West syndrome in tuberous sclerosis]. / Sindrom Vesta pri tuberoznom skleroze.

Observation's analysis of 5 children in age from 9 months to 4 years 11 months with tuberous sclerosis was performed. The initial manifestations of disease were following: early children form of epilepsy exactly infantile spasms (West syndrome) appearance, dermal alterations in the form of depigmented spots as well as nonprogressive delay in psychoverbal development. Together with clinical symptoms the main criterion in early form of tuberous sclerosis diagnosis determination turned out to be brain's specific alterations (tubers) which were revealed by computer tomography. The correlation was observed between epileptic seizures polymorphism and frequency as well as brain's morphological alterations. Derivatives of valproic acid were the basic drugs in treatment of epileptic seizures in patients.

[The enkorat treatment of infantile spasms and the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]. / Lechenie énkoratom infantil'nykh spazmov i sindroma Lennoksa--Gasto.

The drug encorat, an analogue of valproic acid (Sun, India) was given to 16 children aged from 4 month to 5 years suffering from resistant forms of early infantile epilepsy. Twelve of them had infantile spasms, four Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The treatment produced good results in 75% of the patients. Encorat mono- or polychemotherapy is able to discontinue or decrease the frequency of the epileptic fits, improve the patients' condition in resistant early childhood epilepsy.