Genomic dataset of a multiple-drug resistant Pseudomonas sp. strain RAC1 isolated from a flacherie infected Nistari race of Bombyx mori L.

Species belonging to the genus Pseudomonas is a rod shaped Gram-negative bacteria emerged as an important silkworm pathogen with broad-level multi-drug resistance. The extensive usage of antimicrobials in sericulture farming is gradually leading to the emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) strains, posing a significant threat to the well-being of both Bombyx mori L. and serifarmers. Pseudomonas spp. with MDR level may gets transmitted from the infected silkworm to human handlers either via direct contact or through contaminated feces. To understand the emerging concern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Pseudomonas spp. provides insights into their genomic information. Here, we present the draft genome sequence data of Pseudomonas sp. strain RAC1 isolated from a flacherie infected Nistari race of Bombyx mori L. from the silkworm rearing house of Raiganj University, India and sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The estimated genome size of the strain was 4494347 bp with a G + C content of 63.5%. The de novo assembly of the genome generated 38 contigs with an N50 of 200 kb. Our data might help to reveal the genetic diversity, underlying mechanisms of AMR and virulence potential of Pseudomonas spp. This draft-genome shotgun project has been deposited under the NCBI GenBank accession number NZ_JAUTXS000000000.

Comparative evaluation of lignocaine nebulization with and without dexmedetomidine for flexible videoendoscopic guided awake nasal intubation for general anaesthesia.

Background and Aims: Awake fibreoptic intubation is considered a safe approach in airway management of a patient with difficult airway. Awake fibreoptic endoscopy needs appropriate anaesthesia of airway to suppress airway reflexes and prevent discomfort. We planned this study to evaluate effect of adding dexmedetomidine to lignocaine nebulization on conditions for awake videoendoscopic intubation. Material and Methods: In this prospective randomized double blind controlled study, ninety six ASA grade I, II patients of either gender, aged 18-65 years, scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia, were randomly allocated into two groups, Group D and L to receive nebulization with 4% Lignocaine 5 ml + Dexmedetomidine 2 mcg/kg and 4% Lignocaine alone respectively, 20 min before procedure. Time taken to intubate the patient, ease of intubation assessed by cough severity score, patient comfort score, post-intubation patient satisfaction and hemodynamic changes were recorded and compared. Results: Group D and L had comparable intubation time (196.8 ± 61.2 s) and (205.8 ± 52.2 s) (p = 0.437). Cough severity, patient comfort and quality of procedure with post intubation patient satisfaction score were significantly better in Group D. Haemodynamics parameters were better post nebulization in group D as compared to group L. Conclusion: Addition of Dexmedetomidine 2 mcg/kg with 4% Lignocaine during nebulization improves intubating conditions during awake flexible videoendoscopy in terms of ease of intubation, cough severity, patients comfort and satisfaction along with providing stable Haemodynamics profile.

Seed biopriming with potential bioagents influences physiological processes and plant defense enzymes to ameliorate sheath blight induced yield loss in rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Disease management with the use of conventional pesticides has emerged as a major threat to the environment and human health. Moreover, the increasing cost of pesticides and their use in staple crops such as rice is not economically sustainable. The present study utilized a combination of two commercial powder formulations of biocontrol agents, Trichoderma harzianum (Th38) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf28) to induce resistance against sheath blight disease via seed biopriming in basmati rice variety Vasumati and compared the performance with systemic fungicide carbendazim. Sheath blight infection significantly increased the levels of stress indicators such as proline (0.8 to 4.25 folds), hydrogen peroxide (0.89 to 1.61 folds), and lipid peroxidation (2.4 to 2.6 folds) in the infected tissues as compared to the healthy control. On the contrary, biopriming with biocontrol formulation (BCF) significantly reduced the level of stress markers, and substantially enhanced the levels of defense enzymes such as peroxidase (1.04 to 1.18 folds), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (1.02 to 1.17 folds), lipoxygenase (1.2 to 1.6 folds), and total phenolics (74% to 83%) as compared to the infected control. Besides, improved photosynthesis (48% to 59%) and nitrate reductase activity (21% to 42%) showed a positive effect on yield and biomass, which compensated disease induced losses in bio-primed plants. Conversely, the comparative analysis of the efficacy levels of BCF with carbendazim revealed BCF as a potential and eco-friendly alternative for reducing disease impact and maintaining higher yield in rice under sheath blight infection.

Comparative evaluation of oral melatonin and oral clonidine for the attenuation of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation-A prospective randomised double blind study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation cause significant derangement of the haemodynamic parameters proving detrimental for some patients. Clonidine, an α-2 adrenoreceptor agonist, and melatonin, the pineal hormone, have been used for the attenuation of these haemodynamic responses. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of oral melatonin and clonidine in attenuating the haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective randomised double-blind study, 60 American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II patients aged 20-60 years of either gender scheduled to undergo elective surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly divided into Group M and Group C and orally received 6 mg of melatonin and 0.2 mg of clonidine, respectively, 120 min before the induction of anaesthesia. The haemodynamic parameters-heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and rate -pressure product(RPP) were recorded before and 120 min after the administration of the study drug, before induction, immediately after intubation and at 1, 3, 5 and 10 min following intubation. Sedation was assessed using the Ramsay Sedation Scale. The qualitative and quantitative variables were analysed using Chi square test and unpaired student t test, respectively. For intragroup comparison of quantitative data, paired t test was applied. A P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: A significant difference was noted between the groups regarding HR and RPP 0, 1, 3 and 5 min after intubation. The Ramsay sedation score ranged between 2 and 3 at all time intervals. CONCLUSION: Although both the drugs are effective, oral melatonin proved superior to oral clonidine in attenuating the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation without any side effects.

Attenuation of pressor response following intubation: Efficacy of nitro-glycerine lingual spray.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The role of nitro-glycerine (NTG) lingual spray for attenuation of the hemodynamic response associated with intubation is not much investigated. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy of NTG lingual pump or pen spray in attenuation of intubation induced hemodynamic responses and to elucidate the optimum dose. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective randomized controlled trial, 90 adult patients of ASA I, II, 18-60 year posted for elective general surgery under general anesthesia with intubation were randomly allocated to three groups as Group C (control) - receiving no NTG spray, Group N1 - receiving 1 NTG spray and Group N2 - receiving 2 NTG spray one minute before intubation. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate were recorded at baseline, just before intubation (i.e., 60 s just after induction and NTG spray), immediately after intubation, at 1, 2, 5 and 10 min after intubation. RESULTS: Incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in Group C (60%, n = 18) as compared to Group N1 and N2 (10%, n = 3 each), P < 0.01. Mean value of SBP, DBP and MAP showed a significant rise as compared to baseline, following intubation in control group (15.31% in SBP, 12.12% in DBP, 17.77% in MAP) that persisted till 5 min, while no significant rise was observed in Group N1 and N2. There was a trend toward fall in blood pressure in Group N2 (4.95% fall in SBP, 4.72% fall in MAP) 1-min following spray, which was clinically insignificant. Mean value of SBP, DBP and MAP was significantly higher in Group C than in Group N1, which was in turn greater than Group N2 (Group C > N1> N2), P < 0.05. However, incidence of tachycardia was comparable in three groups (70% in group C, 63.33% in Group N1 and 67.77% in Group N2, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the NTG lingual spray in dose of 0.4 mg (1 spray) or 0.8 mg (2 sprays) was effective in attenuation of intubation induced hemodynamic response, in terms of preventing significant rise in SBP, DBP and MAP compared to control group.

Dose-dependent effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine on isobaric ropivacaine in spinal anesthesia for abdominal hysterectomy: Effect on block characteristics and hemodynamics.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to isobaric ropivacaine in spinal anesthesia for abdominal hysterectomy is not much investigated. The objective was to assess the dose dependent effect of dexmedetomidine (3 mcg vs 5 mcg) as an adjunct to isobaric ropivacaine in spinal anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty selected female patients were randomized to receive intrathecal 0.5% isobaric ropivacaine (15 mg) with dexmedetomidine 3 mcg (Group D3) or 5 mcg (Group D5) in spinal anesthesia for abdominal hysterectomy. Block characteristics, hemodynamic changes, postoperative analgesia, and adverse effects were compared. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable regarding sensory-motor block characteristics and postoperative analgesia (P > 0.05). Four (10%) patients of Group D5 and 5 (12.5%) of Group D3 could not achieve desired T6 sensory level and Bromage score of 3(complete motor block) hence were converted to general anesthesia at the outset. Nine (22.5%) patients each in both groups required ketamine supplementation (0.5 mg/kg) for intraoperative pain at the time of uterine manipulation. Incidence of hypotension was comparable (55.56% in Group D5 and 37.14% in Group D3, P = 0.11), but this occurred significantly earlier in Group D5, P < 0.001. Sedation was also significantly more in Group D5 as compared with Group D3, P < 0.01. CONCLUSION: We conclude that spinal anesthesia with isobaric ropivacaine (15 mg) with dexmedetomidine (3 mcg or 5 mcg) did not show much promise for abdominal hysterectomy as one third cases required analgesic supplementation. Both doses of dexmedetomidine produced a similar effect on block characteristic and postoperative analgesia; however, a dose of 5 mcg dose was associated with more hypotension and sedation.