Type I and Type II Hereditary Angioedema: Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Iranian Patients.

BACKGROUND: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by C1-INH (C1 esterase inhibitor), low serum levels (type I), dysfunction (type II) or normal serum levels and function (type III), which lead to subcutaneous and submucosal edema attacks. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic, clinical and laboratory findings of Iranian patients with HAE. METHODS: The patients with a history or symptoms of angioedema who were referred to Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute (IAARI) between Jan 2006 and Jan 2014, were assessed based on a specific questionnaire and laboratory evaluation. The patients with a definite diagnosis of HAE type I and type II were entered into this study. RESULTS: Among 51 patients, 63.3% were diagnosed with HAE type I and 36.7% with HAE type II. Fifteen patients were under 18 years and 36 were adults. The mean age of symptoms onset and diagnosis were 12.33 ± 10.20 years and 24.48 ± 14.64 years, respectively. The mean delay of diagnosis was 11.02 ± 11.60 years. The most commonly involved locations of edema were hands, face and genitalia. Moreover, laryngeal edema was observed in 61.2% of patients, which led to death in two patients during this study. CONCLUSION: Hereditary angioedema is a life threatening disease with considerable morbidity and mortality. The outcomes of this study can be used to inform clinicians and health care providers about HAE, which can help earlier diagnosis and better management of the patients, specifically in life threatening attacks.

Carnosine exerts neuroprotective effect against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in hemiparkinsonian rat.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common disorder of the central nervous system due to the degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Current treatments for PD have a symptomatic relief strategy with no prevention of disease progression. Due to the neuroprotective and antiapoptotic potential of the natural dipeptide carnosine, this study was conducted to assess its beneficial effect in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced model of PD in rat. Unilateral intrastriatal 6-OHDA-lesioned rats received i.p. carnosine at a dose of 250 mg/kg twice at an interval of 24 h, which started presurgery. Apomorphine caused contralateral rotations, a significant reduction in the number of Nissl-stained neurons on the left side of the substantia nigra, and increased apoptosis was observed with enhanced oxidative stress burden in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Carnosine pretreatment significantly reduced rotations, attenuated apoptosis, and restored malondialdehyde and nitrite content and catalase activity with no significant effect on reduced glutathione (GSH). These results indicate that prelesion administration of carnosine could exert neuroprotection against 6-OHDA toxicity, and this may be of benefit in patients with early PD.