Food insecurity and symptoms of anxiety and depression disorder during the COVID- 19 pandemic: COVID-Inconfidentes, a population-based survey.

This study aimed to investigate the association between adult food insecurity (FI) and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in two Brazilian cities during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This study used data derived from a cross-sectional survey of 1693 adults. Interviews were conducted using an electronic questionnaire. The FI was measured using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 was used to measure the symptoms of GAD. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used for MDD symptoms. The association between FI, GAD, and MDD symptoms was investigated using a Poisson regression model with robust variance to estimate the prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). In regression models, a linear association between FI levels and outcomes was observed, with severe food insecurity having a 3.56 higher prevalence of GAD symptoms (95% CI: 2.23, 5.68) and a 3.03 higher prevalence of MDD (95% CI: 1.55, 5.90). In the stratified analyses, worse results were observed for females and males, individuals with non-white race/skin color, those without children, and those with lower monthly family income. In conclusion, the FI was associated with symptoms of GAD and MDD, and the sociodemographic characteristics interfered in this association. Therefore, we recommend the improvement of public health and social protection policies for food-insecure people.

Evaluation of implementation of humanized care to low weight newborns - the Kangaroo Method.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the implementation of the kangaroo mother method in hospitals trained by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, evaluating 176 (60.1%) out of 293 hospitals that were trained by the Brazilian Ministry of Health from 2000 to 2003 in Brazil. This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase consisted of sending a questionnaire to 293 hospitals; in the second phase an in loco visit was made in a sample of 29 among those hospitals. The instrument for data collection was sent to all hospitals by mail, fax or e-mail through the Ministry of Health and they addressed the three dimensions of the normative assessment: structure, processes, and results. The second phase consisted of an evaluation of the process, using a structured guide of non-participant observation. To estimate the reliability of the variable "deployment of the steps of the method" between questionnaire and site visit, we used the kappa test. RESULTS: The first stage of the kangaroo mother method was implemented in 84.9% of the hospitals, but only 47.3% of them implemented the three stages according to the Brazilian norm. The kappa test results indicated a moderate agreement for the first stage, and substantial for the second and third stages of the method. CONCLUSION: Hospital training was important for triggering the implementation process of the kangaroo mother method. However, they were not enough to promote the implementation of the three phases of the method.

Avaliação da implantação do cuidado humanizado aos recém-nascidos com baixo peso: método canguru / Evaluation of implementation of humanized care to low weight newborns: the Kangaroo Method

Objetivo: Avaliar a implantação do método canguru em hospitais capacitados pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS). Método: Estudo transversal que avaliou 176 (60,1 por cento) dos 293 hospitais maternidades (HM) capacitados entre 2000 e 2003 no Brasil. O estudo foi conduzido em duas fases. A primeira consistiu no envio de um questionário para os 293 HM, e a segunda fase realizou-se mediante visita in loco em uma amostra de 29 destes HM. O instrumento de coleta de dados da primeira fase foi enviado por correio, fax ou e-mail via Ministério da Saúde a todos os hospitais capacitados e abordava as dimensões da avaliação normativa: estrutura, processos e resultados. A segunda fase consistiu exclusivamente na avaliação de processo utilizando-se roteiro de observação não participante e estruturado. Para estimar a confiabilidade da variável “implantação das etapas do método”, entre o questionário e a visita local utilizou-se o teste de kappa. Resultados: A primeira etapa do método canguru foi implantada em 84,9 por cento dos hospitais, porém apenas 47,3 por cento implantaram as três etapas conforme regulamenta a norma brasileira. Os resultados do teste de kappa indicam concordância moderada para a primeira etapa e substancial para a segunda e terceira etapas do método. Conclusão: A capacitação foi importante para o início do processo de implantação do método canguru, mas não suficiente para promover a implantação das três fases do método.

Objective: To evaluate the implementation of the kangaroo mother method in hospitals trained by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Method: Cross-sectional study, evaluating 176 (60.1 percent) out of 293 hospitals that were trained by the Brazilian Ministry of Health from 2000 to 2003 in Brazil. This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase consisted of sending a questionnaire to 293 hospitals; in the second phase an in loco visit was made in a sample of 29 among those hospitals. The instrument for data collection was sent to all hospitals by mail, fax or e-mail through the Ministry of Health and they addressed the three dimensions of the normative assessment: structure, processes, and results. The second phase consisted of an evaluation of the process, using a structured guide of non-participant observation. To estimate the reliability of the variable “deployment of the steps of the method” between questionnaire and site visit, we used the kappa test. Results: The first stage of the kangaroo mother method was implemented in 84.9 percent of the hospitals, but only 47.3 percent of them implemented the three stages according to the Brazilian norm. The kappa test results indicated a moderate agreement for the first stage, and substantial for the second and third stages of the method. Conclusion: Hospital training was important for triggering the implementation process of the kangaroo mother method. However, they were not enough to promote the implementation of the three phases of the method.