RESUMO
The present research focuses on the study of intestinal stoma demarcation. It reviews the historical development of the knowledge produced in this field, considering the advancement implemented in the area of abdominal surgeries which proposes the externalization of intestinal segments. In order to make the demarcation of intestinal stoma, it is necessary to limit the ideal region and to perform it with special pen which will propitiate the making of an anatomically appropriate opening. The stoma should favor the adaptation of devices which do the collection of effluents from the patient's intestines with a minimum of discomfort to the patient. The choice for the localization of the stoma, which is based on scientific principles, is made taking into consideration the structure of the recto-abdominal muscle and the distance from critical areas. At last, the most performed techniques of demarcation of the intestinal stoma are presented, as well as the procedures to be followed by the nurse or by the stoma therapist nurse.
Assuntos
Parede Abdominal/cirurgia , Enterostomia/métodos , Estomas Cirúrgicos , Enterostomia/história , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Estomas Cirúrgicos/históriaRESUMO
Following the characterization of adults with an intestinal stoma who were registered in the Program of Education and Support to Stomized Patients, the authors developed a descriptive study in order to evaluate the results of the process of intestinal stoma demarcation as well as to analyze late complications. The sample was formed by 50 subjects, 76% of whom had colostomies and 34% had ileostomies. Regarding the stoma location, 12% did not demonstrate the scientific specifications indicated for the distance from the waist line, 2% for the iliac crest and 2% for the surgery scar. Late complications appeared in 44% of the cases, such as: 28% of peristomal hernias, 16% of stoma prolapses and 4% of skin hyperemias.
