RESUMO
Resumen La enfermedad de Kawasaki es un estado febril agudo, cuya incidencia es de 175 por cada 100.000 niños menores de 5 años. Es una vasculitis con predilección por los vasos de pequeño y mediano calibre, especialmente por las arterias coronarias; sin tratamiento pueden desarrollarse aneurismas coronarios que conllevan riesgo de infarto agudo de miocardio y muerte súbita. Se describe el caso de un niño de 4 años a quien se diagnosticó enfermedad de Kawasaki y aneurismas fusiformes moderados en las arterias coronarias derecha e izquierda. En control a los dos meses desarrolló nuevo cuadro febril con hipercolesterolemia, trombocitosis y alteración de las pruebas hepáticas. En ecocardiograma de control se evidenció aneurismagigante en la coronaria izquierda y mediante angiografía coronaria se detectaron dos aneurismas en la coronaria derecha. En vista de que se consideró un caso de evolución atípica, se realizó revisión de la literatura mundial en enfermedad de Kawasaki y se recomendó diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz para disminuir la morbilidad con compromiso cardiovascular severo y/o la mortalidad.
Abstract Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile state with an incidence of 175 per 100,000 children under the age of 5. It is a vasculitis with a preference for small and mediumsized vessels, especially for coronary arteries. If untreated, coronary aneurysms may pose the risk of acute myocardial infarction and sudden death. The case of a 4 year-old child who was diagnosed of Kawasaki disease and moderate fusiform aneurysms in the right and left coronary arteries is described. Follow-up visit after two months revealed fever again with hypercholesterolemia, thrombocytosis and abnormal liver testing. Control echocardiogram evidenced a giant aneurysm in the left coronary and a coronary angiography detected two additional aneurysms in the right coronary. As this was considered an atypical progress of the condition, review of global Kawasaki disease literature was carried out and early diagnosis and treatment were recommended to reduce morbidity with severe cardiovascular involvement and/or mortality.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Aneurisma Coronário , Doença das Coronárias , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos , Vasculite , Vasos CoronáriosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Venous access through the superior caval vein is mandatory to study the pulmonary arteries in patients with a Glenn anastomosis. In complex congenital heart disease, repeat catheterizations may lead to iliac vein thrombosis and superior access is needed. In order to avoid the internal jugular venous puncture, we have used puncture of the antecubital vein as an elective access. MATERIAL: Brachial puncture was attempted in 37 patients. Mean age: 10 years (3.1-33.5). 2.45 heart surgeries and 3.6 cardiac catheterizations per patient had been previously performed in this group. 40% of patients had bilateral iliac vein thrombosis. TECHNIQUE: Axillary vein external compression, venous puncture and introduction of 4-6 F sheath. RESULTS: Venous access through brachial vein was achieved in 34 of 37 pts (91.8%). Diagnostic catheterization was done in all, balloon test occlusion of the pulmonary valve in 3 and pulmonary artery branch dilation in 6 pts. COMPLICATIONS: 2 late thrombosis of the right brachial vein (6%). CONCLUSIONS: Antecubital venous puncture is an alternative and useful technique that allows easy catheterization of superior caval vein, pulmonary artery and right heart chambers. It is associated with minor complication rate, avoiding internal jugular vein puncture. Certain therapeutic procedures can be performed through such route.
