Detección de anticuerpos circulantes en donantes de sangre en México / Detection of antibodies present in blood donors in Mexico

OBJETIVO: Detectar anticuerpos circulantes contra seis infecciones transmisibles por sangre en donantes de una institución de seguridad social en Querétaro, México. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo retrospectivo con datos del Banco de Sangre del Hospital General Regional No. 1, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Se registraron 6 929 donantes, entre los cuales se identificó a los diagnosticados con cualquier anticuerpo circulante contra brucelosis, enfermedad de Chagas, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, sífilis y VIH. Los casos identificados con cualquiera de estas infecciones se analizaron según edad, género, estado civil, escolaridad, lugar de residencia y número de donaciones. Para estimar la prevalencia total se dividió el número de personas identificadas con cualquiera de los anticuerpos circulantes por el total de donantes, y luego por cada una de las diferentes infecciones. RESULTADOS: De los 6 929 donantes, 144 fueron detectados con algún tipo de anticuerpo circulante de las seis infecciones potencialmente transmisibles por sangre, lo cual da una prevalencia total de 2,07 por ciento (0-4,4). Las prevalencias más altas por tipo de anticuerpo circulante correspondieron a la hepatitis C, con 0,721 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento, 0,522-0,920), y a la enfermedad de Chagas, con 0,649 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento, 0,460-0,838). CONCLUSIÓN: La identificación de la prevalencia de donantes de sangre con anticuerpos circulantes de alguna de estas seis infecciones potencialmente transmisibles por vía sanguínea permite establecer un perfil epidemiológico propio del banco de sangre del Hospital General Regional No. 1. La enfermedad de Chagas se presenta como emergente, dando pauta a dirigir los esfuerzos para su control.

OBJECTIVE: To detect antibodies to six potentially blood-borne infections in blood donors at a social security institute in Querétaro, Mexico. METHODS: A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study was performed using data from the blood bank records of the General Regional Hospital No. 1, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS). From the 6 929 registered donors, those with any antibody to brucellosis, Chagas' disease, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, and HIV were identified. For the cases presenting any of these infections, the following demographics were analyzed: age, gender, marital status, education, home address, and number of donations made. To estimate overall prevalence, the number of donors with any of the antibodies was divided by the total donors, and then by each of the various infections. RESULTS: Of the 6 929 donors, 144 were detected with some type of circulating antibody of the six potentially blood-borne infections, with a total prevalence of 2.07 percent (0-4.4). The prevalence of blood donors with antibodies for hepatitis C was 0.721 percent (95 percentCI: 0.522-0.920) and Chagas' disease, 0.649 percent (95 percentCI: 0.460-0.838). CONCLUSIONS: Identifying the prevalence of blood donors with antibodies for any of these six, potentially blood-borne infections, allows the blood bank at the General Regional Hospital No. 1 to establish its own epidemiologic profiling. Chagas' disease proved to be emergent, calling for urgent control efforts.

[Cost-effectiveness of the previous appointment in family medicine outpatient clinics]. / Relación coste-efectividad de la cita previa en la consulta externa de medicina familiar.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness of the previous appointment. DESIGN: Cost-effectiveness study. SETTING: Family Medicine Unit in the Mexican Public Health System, in March and April 2008. PARTICIPANTS: All Family Medicine outpatient clinic offices who use the appointment system were included (n=32). MEASUREMENTS: The productivity, doctor and user dimensions were analysed in the two shifts (morning and evening) operated by the Unit. Productivity included the percentage of appointments (appointment requested more than 12h before the visit), spontaneous users, those seen and cancellations; the cost was adjusted for productivity. Effectiveness was measured using doctor and patient satisfaction, on a scale from 1 to 10. The cost-effectiveness analysis took into account the perspective of the patient and the doctor in the different scenarios that considered the percentage of previous appointments. The evaluation included an incremental analysis. RESULTS: For the doctor, the best cost-effectiveness is in the scenario of 60% previous appointments, and the worst with 50% previous appointments. The cost differences in the incremental analysis by scenarios is 15,019 euro and 76,611 euro. From the perspective of the patient (n=96), the best cost-effectiveness is in the 70% previous appointment scenario, while the worst is the one with 50%. The incremental analysis with differences by scenarios is 5,248 euro and 330,293 euro. CONCLUSIONS: The best cost-effectiveness of the previous appointment is achieved with appointment percentages between 60 and 70%.

Relación coste-efectividad de la cita previa en la consulta externa de medicina familiar / Cost-effectiveness of the previous appointment in family medicine outpatient clinics

ObjetivoDeterminar la relación coste-efectividad de la cita previa.DiseñoEstudio de coste-efectividad.EmplazamientoUnidad de medicina familiar de una institución de la Seguridad Social de México, en marzo y abril de 2008.ParticipantesSe incluyeron todos (n=32) los consultorios de la consulta externa de medicina familiar que manejan el programa de cita previa.MedicionesSe analizaron las dimensiones productividad, médico y usuario en los dos turnos (matutino y vespertino) de funcionamiento de la unidad. La productividad incluyó el porcentaje de citas previas (cita que se solicita con mas de 12h de antelación a la consulta), usuarios espontáneos, atendidos y cancelados; el coste se ajustó por productividad. La efectividad se midió a través de la satisfacción del médico y del usuario en una escala de 1 a 10. El análisis de coste-efectividad incluyó las perspectivas del usuario y del médico en diferentes escenarios que consideraron el porcentaje de cita previa; la evaluación incluyó análisis incremental.ResultadosPara el médico, la mejor relación coste-efectividad se presentó en el escenario de un 60% de cita previa y la peor, en el de un 50%. La diferencia de costes en el análisis incremental por escenarios es de 15.019 y 76.611 euros. Desde la perspectiva del usuario (n=96), la mejor relación coste-efectividad se presenta en el escenario de un 70% de cita previa, mientras que la peor se produce en el de un 50%. La diferencia de costes en el análisis incremental por escenarios es de 5.248 y 330.293 euros.ConclusionesLa mejor relación coste-efectividad de la cita previa se logra con un 60-70% de citas previas(AU)

ObjectiveTo determine the cost-effectiveness of the previous appointment.DesignCost-effectiveness study.SettingFamily Medicine Unit in the Mexican Public Health System, in March and April 2008.ParticipantsAll Family Medicine outpatient clinic offices who use the appointment system were included (n=32).MeasurementsThe productivity, doctor and user dimensions were analysed in the two shifts (morning and evening) operated by the Unit. Productivity included the percentage of appointments (appointment requested more than 12h before the visit), spontaneous users, those seen and cancellations; the cost was adjusted for productivity. Effectiveness was measured using doctor and patient satisfaction, on a scale from 1 to 10. The cost-effectiveness analysis took into account the perspective of the patient and the doctor in the different scenarios that considered the percentage of previous appointments. The evaluation included an incremental analysis.ResultsFor the doctor, the best cost-effectiveness is in the scenario of 60% previous appointments, and the worst with 50% previous appointments. The cost differences in the incremental analysis by scenarios is 15,019 ¿ and 76,611 ¿. From the perspective of the patient (n=96), the best cost-effectiveness is in the 70% previous appointment scenario, while the worst is the one with 50%. The incremental analysis with differences by scenarios is 5,248 ¿ and 330,293 ¿.ConclusionsThe best cost-effectiveness of the previous appointment is achieved with appointment percentages between 60 and 70%(AU)

[Detection of antibodies present in blood donors in Mexico]. / Detección de anticuerpos circulantes en donantes de sangre en México.

OBJECTIVE: To detect antibodies to six potentially blood-borne infections in blood donors at a social security institute in Querétaro, Mexico. METHODS: A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study was performed using data from the blood bank records of the General Regional Hospital No. 1, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS). From the 6 929 registered donors, those with any antibody to brucellosis, Chagas' disease, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, and HIV were identified. For the cases presenting any of these infections, the following demographics were analyzed: age, gender, marital status, education, home address, and number of donations made. To estimate overall prevalence, the number of donors with any of the antibodies was divided by the total donors, and then by each of the various infections. RESULTS: Of the 6 929 donors, 144 were detected with some type of circulating antibody of the six potentially blood-borne infections, with a total prevalence of 2.07% (0-4.4). The prevalence of blood donors with antibodies for hepatitis C was 0.721% (95%CI: 0.522-0.920) and Chagas' disease, 0.649% (95%CI: 0.460-0.838). CONCLUSIONS: Identifying the prevalence of blood donors with antibodies for any of these six, potentially blood-borne infections, allows the blood bank at the General Regional Hospital No. 1 to establish its own epidemiologic profiling. Chagas' disease proved to be emergent, calling for urgent control efforts.