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1.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 113(3): 289-297, 2020.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33881248

RESUMO

Mosquito control in Cameroon relies largely on the proper use of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs). It is necessary to monitor their effectiveness in order to propose corrective measures to improve the strategy. The aim of this work was to determine the physical integrity and effectiveness of LLINs (Interceptor brand) on Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in two urban and rural areas of the Ayos health district. The level of LLIN coverage and use was assessed through a population survey. The physical integrity of LLINs was assessed by measuring the holes according to the WHO method. Bio-efficacy testing of ITNs was carried out according to the cone test protocol using 2-5-day-old, non-blood fed Anopheles gambiae s.l. females from the natural field strain and the reference susceptible strain. Household LLIN coverage rates in urban and rural areas were 55.50% and 66.94%, respectively. On the other hand, the rates of use were 78.01% and 75.22% in urban and rural areas respectively. The proportion of nets that had lost their physical integrity after 36 months of use was 47.00% and 59.63% in urban and rural areas respectively. The size of holes ranged from 0.5 to 25 cm. Alphacypermethrin was found to be ineffective against both strains of Anopheles gambiae s.l. tested. Knockdown rates ranged from 8.5% to 73% for the reference susceptible strain and less than 2.5% for the natural field strain. Mortality rates for the natural strain of Anopheles gambiae s.l. ranged from 0% to 2.5% while they were between 29% and 70% for the susceptible strain. The results show a decrease in the effectiveness of LLINs against the mosquitoes tested. This may be due to the lower than expected WHO possession and use rates of LLINs, their relatively high degree of wear and tear, and the resistance of the vectors to alphacypermethrin.


La lutte antimoustique au Cameroun repose en grande partie sur une bonne utilisation des moustiquaires imprégnées d'insecticide à longue durée d'action (MILDA). Il est nécessaire de suivre l'efficacité de ces dernières afin de proposer des mesures correctives pour améliorer la stratégie. Le présent travail a pour but de mesurer l'intégrité physique et l'efficacité des MILDA (marque Interceptor®) sur les populations d'Anopheles gambiae s.l. dans deux zones, urbaine et rurale, du district de santé d'Ayos. Le niveau de couverture et d'utilisation des MILDA a été évalué par une enquête menée auprès des populations 36 mois après la distribution des moustiquaires. L'intégrité physique des MILDA a été évaluée en mesurant les trous suivant la méthode de l'OMS. Les tests de bioefficacité des MILDA ont été effectués suivant le protocole des tests en cône en utilisant des femelles d'Anopheles gambiae s.l. non gorgées âgées de deux à cinq jours, élevées en insectarium et issues de deux souches : la souche locale et une souche sensible de référence. Les taux de couverture des ménages en MILDA en zone urbaine et en zone rurale étaient de 55,50 et 66,94 %, respectivement. Les taux d'utilisation étaient de 78,01 et 75,22 % respectivement. La proportion de moustiquaires trouées était de 47,00 % en zone urbaine et de 59,63 % en zone rurale. La taille des trous variait de 0,5 à 25 cm. L'alphacyperméthrine s'est révélée inefficace contre les deux souches d'Anopheles gambiae s.l. Les taux de knockdown étaient compris entre 8,5 et 73 % pour la souche sensible de référence et inférieurs à 2,5 % pour la souche de terrain. Les taux de mortalité de la souche de terrain d'Anopheles gambiae s.l. variaient de 0 à 2,5 % alors qu'ils étaient compris entre 29 et 70 % pour la souche sensible. Ces résultats révèlent une faible efficacité insecticide des MILDAvisà-vis des anophèles localement. Les taux de possession et d'utilisation des MILDA restent en deçà des attentes de l'OMS. Leur degré d'usure est relativement élevé. Ces observations, dans un contexte où les vecteurs sont résistants à l'alphacyperméthrine, sont alarmantes.


Assuntos
Anopheles , Mosquiteiros Tratados com Inseticida , Inseticidas , Animais , Camarões/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Controle de Mosquitos , Mosquitos Vetores
2.
Encephale ; 45(2): 101-106, 2019 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30314672

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of burnout syndrome among university teaching staff in Cameroon; and to establish if the practice of physical activities and leisures could have preventive effect. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, socio-professional conditions, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator Survey (MBI-ES) to evaluate burnout syndrome, and Ricci-Gagnon metrics to assess level of physical activities practice among grades of teaching staff, in the various faculties of the University of Douala, Cameroon. RESULTS: Three hundreds and three teaching staff members aged 43±7 years were included (69% males). The prevalence of burnout syndrome was 68%, distributed within the three dimensions as follows: emotional exhaustion (15.2%), depersonalization (32.1%) and loss of personal accomplishment (22.1%), with 57% low level, 38% moderate and 6% severe. Burnout affected respectively 55.4% lecturers, 38.3% senior lecturers and 6.3% professors. Burnout was significantly associated with poor working conditions (P=0.0001), unsatisfactory salary (P=0.0001), part time teaching in private university institutions (P=0.027), sensation of strenuous job (P=0.002), conflict with colleagues (P=0.028), sedentariness (P=0.007). Sport and physical activities showed significant protective effect against burnout (P=0.004), the same with leisures (P=0.016). CONCLUSION: The prevalence burnout syndrome is high among university teaching staff in Cameroon. The practice of sport and physical activities and leisures has a protective effect against burnout syndrome.


Assuntos
Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Esgotamento Psicológico/epidemiologia , Exercício Físico , Docentes/estatística & dados numéricos , Atividades de Lazer , Esportes , Universidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Camarões/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Docentes/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Satisfação no Emprego , Atividades de Lazer/psicologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Esportes/psicologia , Esportes/estatística & dados numéricos
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