Comparison of brown adipose tissue activation detected by infrared thermography in men with vs without metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) high density of mitochondria and its thermogenic characteristics promote the dissipation of chemical energy in the form of heat, increasing body caloric expenditure, decreasing plasma levels of lipids and glucose (GL). This makes BAT a potential therapeutic target of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Position Emission Tomography Scanning (PET-CT) is the gold standard for estimating BAT, but it has several limitations, including high cost and high emission of radiation. On the other hand, Infrared Thermography (IRT) is considered a simpler, cheaper and non-invasive method to detect BAT. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare BAT activation through IRT and cold stimulation in men diagnosed without and with MetS. METHODS: Sample of 124 (35.3 ± 9.4 years old) men was evaluated of body composition, anthropometric measurements and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) hemodynamics, biochemical tests and body skin temperature acquisition. The Student t-test with subsequent effect size by (d) Cohen and two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc comparisons were conducted. Level of significance was p < 0.05. RESULTS: There was significant interaction between group factor (MetS) vs group moment (BAT activation) in supraclavicular skin temperatures right side (maximum (F(1,122) = 10.4, p < 0.002, η2 = 0.062), mean (F(1.122) = 13.0, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.081) and minimal (F(1,122) = 7.9, p < 0.006, η2 = 0.052)) and left side maximum (F(1,122) = 7.7, p < 0.006, η2 = 0.048), mean (F(1.122) = 13.0, p < 0.037, η2 = 0.007) and minimal (F(1,122) = 9.8, p < 0.002, η2 = 0.012)). The MetS risk factor group didn't present significant increase of SCV temperature BAT after cold stimulation. CONCLUSION: Men diagnosed with MetS risk factors seem to activate less BAT, when exposed to cold stimulation, compared to group without MetS risk factor.

Deaths in Open Water Swimming Races in Brazil from 2009 to 2019.

Since the inclusion in the Olympic Games (2008), open swimming races have attracted greater media attention and, therefore, have a greater number of practitioners, especially in Brazil, an extremely favorable country for this sport. However, increasing reports of fatal incidents in open water races brought the medical and scientific community to attention. The aim of this study was to review the characteristics of deaths in open waters events in Brazil from 2009 to 2019. The survey was divided into 3 steps: 1) contacting sports-related federations and companies, including swimming and triathlon federations, master associations and event organizing companies; 2) internet search; and 3) personal communication with athletes, coaches, organizers, and health personnel. A total of 12 deaths were observed in open water swimming races, including triathlon swimming segment races in Brazil from 2009 to 2019. The average was 1.1 deaths per year, whereas in the last 3 years (2017-2019) the average was 3 deaths per year. The male participants accounted for 11 deaths (91.7%), the average age was 47 years old, experienced athletes were more affected (80%), and incidents occurred mainly in ocean waters (75%). The increase of deaths in the last 3 years draws attention, and the best way to reduce the deaths by drowning in open waters in Brazil, is to understand the profile and causes, to propose solutions.

Effects of Pilates with and without elastic resistance on health variables in postmenopausal women with low back pain.

Aim: To compare the effects of Pilates with and without accessories on biochemical markers, pain intensity, functional disability and muscle strength in postmenopausal women with nonspecific chronic low back pain. Materials & methods: Twenty-two participants were randomized to a group of Pilates without (PG; n = 11) and with elastic resistance (PAG; n = 11) for 8 weeks, twice a week. We analyzed IGF-1, IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), cortisol, creatine kinase, pain intensity, functional disability, abdominal and back strengths. Results: Both groups had lower pain intensity and functional disability and increased lumbar strength postinterventions. PAG exhibited an increase in IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio and reduction in creatine kinase compared with PG. Conclusion: Both interventions were effective in the treatment of low back pain. However, PAG presented better responses than PG. Clinical Trial Registration: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: ReBEC (RBR-9jwcykc), www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9jwcykc.

Pilates is a type of exercise that has been practiced, both in health promotion and rehabilitation, including low back pain (LBP) treatment. LBP prevails in women after menopause when compared with men. Thus, we submitted postmenopausal women with chronic LBP to two groups, one that practiced Pilates with elastic resistance and the other without these accessories. These elastic bands of progressive tension increase the effort of the exercise performed. We analyzed biochemical markers, pain intensity, functional disability and muscle strength. After 8 weeks, both groups had lower pain intensity and functional disability and increased lumbar strength. Furthermore, the group that used elastic resistance during the training showed increase in IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio and reduction in creatine kinase compared with the other group.

Evaluation methods and objectives for neuromuscular and hemodynamic responses subsequent to different rest intervals in resistance training: a systematic review / Métodos de evaluación y objetivos para las respuestas neuromusculares y hemodinámicas posteriores a diferentes intervalos de descanso en el entrenamiento de resistencia: una revisión sistemática

Introduction: The training routine planned, and performed correctly results in exercises that, systematically organized,influence the levels of strength, and muscle hypertrophy. However, the magnitudes of these gains vary considerably. Tooptimize these gains, it is important to underst, and the interaction between training variables such as external load, volume,number of exercises, number of repetitions, duration of repetitions, the order of exercises, number of series, recovery intervalbetween series, and the exercises, as well as the time under tension. The influence of the recovery interval on the responsefollowing exercise on neuromuscular components is very important. However, different objectives, and instruments are usedto evaluate these responses.Objective: The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the assessment methods, and objectives for respon-ses after different recovery intervals in strength training. METHODS: The present study is characterized by a systematic reviewstudy. Articles found in the following databases were considered for the systematic review: Scopus, PubMed / MEDLINE, Webof Science, Cochrane Library. The following descriptors, and their respective synonyms according to the terms MeSH wereused in the databases, both singular, and plural: “Resistance Training”, “Rest Interval”, and “Bech Press”. As filters were used: a)species (humans), and type of study (original).Results: Seven studies were analyzed that met the established criteria.Conclusion: The studies presented have verified the influence of different recovery intervals on muscle, and hemodynamicresponses. Evaluating image measurements such as ultrasound, and resonance, blood measurements such as GH, Testosterone,IGF-1, and Lactate, number of repetitions for performance, and fatigue, as well as heart rate, and blood pressure.(AU)

Introducción: La rutina de entrenamiento planificada y realizada correctamente da como resultado ejercicios que, organizadossistemáticamente, influyen en los niveles de fuerza e hipertrofia muscular. Sin embargo, las magnitudes de estas gananciasvarían considerablemente. Para optimizar estas ganancias, es importante comprender la interacción entre las variables deentrenamiento como la carga externa, el volumen, el número de ejercicios, el número de repeticiones, la duración de lasrepeticiones, el orden de los ejercicios, el número de series, el intervalo de recuperación entre series y los ejercicios, así comoel tiempo bajo tensión. La influencia del intervalo de recuperación en la respuesta después del ejercicio en los componentesneuromusculares es muy importante. Sin embargo, se utilizan diferentes objetivos e instrumentos para evaluar estas respuestas.Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática de los métodos y objetivos de evaluación paralas respuestas posteriores a los diferentes intervalos de recuperación en el entrenamiento de fuerza. MÉTODOS: El presenteestudio se caracteriza por un estudio de revisión sistemática. Los artículos encontrados en las siguientes bases de datos seconsideraron para la revisión sistemática: Scopus, PubMed / MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library. Los siguientes des-criptores y sus respectivos sinónimos según los términos MeSH se utilizaron en las bases de datos, tanto en singular como enplural: “Entrenamiento de resistencia”, “Intervalo de descanso” y “Bench Press”. Como filtros se utilizaron: a) especies (humanos)y tipo de estudio (original).Resultados: Se analizaron siete estudios que cumplieron con los criterios establecidos.Conclusión: Los estudios presentados han verificado la influencia de diferentes intervalos de recuperación en las respuestasmusculares y hemodinámicas. Evaluación de mediciones de imagen como ultrasonido y resonancia...(AU)

Entrenamiento de fuerza y presión arterial en mujeres normotensas: efectos del método conjugado / Strength Training and arterial blood pressure of normotensive women: effects of conjugated training method

OBJETIVO: Analizar el efecto del método conjugado de entrenamiento de fuerza en ejercicios para miembros inferiores sobre la presión arterial de mujeres normotensas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio experimental en el cual participaron 10 mujeres normotensas (30,2 ± 5,2 años, 68,4 ± 5,5 kg, 1,65 ± 0,04 m, IMC 25,04 ± 2,63, presión arterial sistólica en reposo: 121 ± 5,2 mmHg, presión arterial diastólica en reposo: 74,8 ± 6,5 mmHg). Después de la valoración antropométrica y los test de 10 repeticiones máximas, las voluntarias fueron sometidas al entrenamiento que consistió en 3 series conjugadas, respectivamente, entre los ejercicios de máquina Leg Press 45º, Leg Extension y Leg Curl, con sobrecarga de 70% en 10 repeticiones máximas. La velocidad de ejecución de las fases concéntricas y excéntricas fue de 2” en cada ejercicio, y los intervalos entre las series fueron de 3’. Las mediciones de la presión arterial se realizaron por medio del método auscultatório en distintos momentos: después de 10’ en reposo; inmediatamente después del ejercicio; y cada 20’ después del ejercicio durante 60’. RESULTADOS: Se observaron cambios en la presión arterial sistólica con elevación entre los momentos de reposo y post-ejercicio y reducción entre los momentos 20’, 40’ y 60’ (F= 66,654; p= 0,0001). Se observaron cambios en la presión arterial diastólica entre el momento de reposo y el momento post-ejercicio (F= 15,258, p= 0,0001), pero sin alteración de la variable en la comparación entre los momentos 20’, 40’ y 60’ y el momento post-ejercicio. CONCLUSIÓN: El método conjugado fue capaz de generar la hipotensión post-ejercicio sólo para la presión arterial sistólica

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the effect of conjugated strength training method for lower limbs exercises on arterial blood pressure of normotensive women. Material and methods: Experimental study attending 10 normotensive women (30.2 ± 5.2 years old; 68.4 ± 5.5 kg, 1.65 ± 0.04 m, BMI 25.04 ± 2.63, systolic blood pressure at rest: 121±5.2 mmHg; dyastolic blood pressure at rest: 74.8 ± 6.5 mmHg). After anthropometric evaluation, 10 repetition maximum tests, volunteers were submitted to training, composed by 3 conjugated sets, respectively at Leg Press 45º, Knee flexion machine, knee extension machine, with load of 70% of 10 repetition maximum. The speed of concentric and excentric phases was of 2” in each exercise, and rest interval of 3’ between sets’. Arterial blood pressure admeasurement were held through the auscultatory method at distinct moments: after 10’ resting; immediately post-exercise; and every 20’ post-exercise for 60’. RESULTS: Changes were observed for systolic blood pressure with increase between resting and post-exercise and reduction between moments 20’, 40’ and 60‘ (F= 66.654; p= 0.0001). There were changes also for diastolic blood pressure between resting and post-exercise moment (F= 15.258; p= 0.0001), however without changes when comparing moments 20’, 40’ and 60‘ and post-exercise. CONCLUSION: The conjugate method was able to generate post-exercise hypotension only for systolic blood pressure

Respostas pressóricas em indivíduos normotensos submetidos a diferentes intensidades em sessões de treinamento de força / Blood pressure responses in normotensive individuals submitted to different intensities in resistance training sessions / Respuestas de la presión arterial en individuos normotensos sometidos a diferentes intensidades en sesiones de entrenamiento de fuerza

OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito do treinamento de força (TF) com distintas intensidades sobre a cocorrência e magnitude da hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE). MÉTODOS: sete homens normotensos foram submetidos a duas sessões de TF, com intensidades de 60% e 85% de 1RM, respectivamente. A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) foram monitoradas em cada sessão nos momentos: antes, imediatamente após, e a cada 10' durante uma hora. RESULTADOS: Após a primeira sessão, houve redução (p=0,001) da PAS a partir de 20' pós-exercício, sem alterações em relação aos níveis basais; a PAD demonstrou redução (p=0,03) em relação ao repouso apenas nos momentos 20' e 30' pós-exercício. Na segunda sessão, a PAS apresentou redução (p=0,01) a partir do momento 30' pós-exercício até a última mensuração; a PAD não apresentou alterações. Não houve alterações entre as sessões com 60 e 85% de 1RM para PAS e PAD. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de ser observada tendência à redução nos níveis das variáveis em ambas as sessões, não foram observadas significâncias que pudessem caracterizar a HPE. Entretanto, observou-se que a manipulação da intensidade produziu respostas similares entre as sessões para PAS e PAD.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of strength training (ST) with distinct intensity characteristics, on post exercise hypotension (PEH) occurrence and magnitude. METHODS: Seven normotensive men were submitted to two ST sessions, with intensities of 60% and 85% of 1RM, respectively. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured at distinct moments of each session: before, immediately after, and each 10' for one hour. RESULTS: After the first session, there was a reduction (p=0.001) on SBP since 20' post-exercise, without changes compared to the basal levels; DBP showed reduction (p=0.03) compared to rest only at 20' post and 30' post-exercise. In the second session, SBP showed reduction (p=0.01) since 30' post-exercise until the last measure; DBP did not show any changes. There were no changes between the session with 60 and 85% of 1RM for SBP or DBP. CONCLUSION: Despite the trend of reduction of the variables at both sessions, there were no significance that could characterize the PEH. However, it was observed that the intensity manipulation has produced similar of SBP and DBP response for both exercise sessions.

OBJETIVO: Investigar el efecto del entrenamiento de fuerza (TF) con distintas intensidades sobre la ocurrencia y magnitud de la hipotensión post-ejercicio (HPE). MÉTODOS: siete hombres normotensos fueron sometidos a dos sesiones de TF, con intensidades de 60% y 85% de 1RM, respectivamente. La presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) fue monitoreada en cada sesión en los momentos: antes, inmediatamente después, y cada 10 'durante una hora. RESULTADOS: Después de la primera sesión, hubo reducción (p = 0,001) de la PAS a partir de 20 'post-ejercicio, sin alteraciones en comparación con los niveles basales; la PAD demostró reducción (p = 0,03) en relación al reposo sólo en los momentos 20 'y 30' post-ejercicio. En la segunda sesión, la PAS presentó reducción (p = 0,01) a partir del momento 30 'post-ejercicio hasta la última medición; la PAD no presentó cambios. No hubo cambios entre las sesiones con 60 y 85% de 1RM para PAS y PAD. CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque se observó tendencia a la reducción en los niveles de las variables en ambas sesiones, no se observaron significaciones que pudieran caracterizar la HPE. Sin embargo, se observó que la manipulación de la intensidad produjo respuestas similares entre las sesiones para PAS y PAD.

Análise do exercício agachamento com e sem o uso de physioball e banda elástica em diferentes intensidades / Analysis of the squat exercise with and without physioball and elastic band in different intensities

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a atividade mioelétrica (EMG), o tempo sob tensão (TST) e a projeção dos joelhos no exercício agachamento sem o uso de implementos (SI) e com o uso de physioball (PH) e banda elástica (BE) em diferentes intensidades de esforço. Dez homens realizaram o exercício nos três protocolos com a intensidade de 50 e 100% de 10 RM. A distância entre joelhos no protocolo controle (51,25cm) foi menor quando comparada com o SI 50% (84,38cm; p < 0,001), com o SI 100% (88,80cm; p < 0,001) e com BE 100% (67,41cm; p = 0,014). A distância entre os joelhos também foi menor para os protocolos PH 100% (53,10cm; p < 0,001) e BE 100% (67,41cm; p < 0,001) comparada ao SI 100% (88,80cm). O Vasto Medial Oblíquo (VMO) apresentou maior ativação nos protocolos SI 50% (p = 0,035) e PH 50% (p = 0,028) quando comparados ao protocolo BE 50%. A realização do agachamento com cargas submáximas parece aumentar e diminuir a ativação do VMO quando realizado com PH e BE, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to analyze the myoelectric activity (EMG), the time under tension (TST) and the knee projection in the squat exercise without the use of implements (SI) and with the use of physioball (PH) and elastic band (EB) at different intensities of effort. Ten men performed the exercise in the three protocols with the intensity of 50 and 100% of 10 RM. The distance between knees in the control protocol (51.25 cm) was lower when compared to SI 50% (84.38 cm, p <0.001), with SI 100% (88.80 cm, p <0.001) and with EB 100% (67.41cm, p = 0.014). The distance between the knees was also lower for the protocols PH 100% (53.10cm, p <0.001) and EB 100% (67.41, p <0.001) compared to the SI 100% (88.80 cm) protocols. The Vasto Medial Oblique (VMO) presented greater activation in the SI 50% protocols (p = 0.035) and PH 50% (p = 0.028) when compared to the EB 50% protocol. The accomplishment of squatting with submaximal loads seems to increase and decrease the activation of VMO when performed with physioball and BE, respectively.

¿Afecta el entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad (HIIT) al desempeño en el entrenamiento de la fuerza? / Does high intensity interval training (HIIT) affect the strength training performance?

Objetivo: Valorar el efecto del entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad de (HIIT ) sobre el subsiguiente desempeño del entrenamiento de la fuerza (EF) en miembros inferiores. Métodos: 10 hombres (23,4 ± 2,4 años; 78,9 ± 8,0 kg; Estatura 1,78 ± 0,08 m; IMC 24,80 ± 1,16; %G 12,3 ± 2,5; VO2máx 50,9 ± 3,6 ml/kg/min) fueron sometidos a mediciones antropométricas, cardiorrespiratorias y prueba de 10 repeticiones máximas (10RM). En el momento 1 (M1) se realizó el EF compuesto por 3 series de repeticiones hasta el fallo concéntrico para el 100% de 10RM, con intervalos de 3 minutos entre series en el ejercicio leg press 45º (LP). Tres minutos después se inició el ejercicio de femoral sentado (FS), con los mismos procedimientos anteriores. En el momento 2 (M2) se realizó una sesión de HIIT compuesta por 10 estímulos de 1’ con intensidad entre el 90 y 95% FCmáx (Borg 9 - 10), intercalados con 10 recuperaciones de 1’ con inten-sidad entre 70 al 75% FCmáx (Borg 6 - 7). Inmediatamente después, se realizó el EF con los mismos procedimientos del M1. El rendimiento de la fuerza de los miembros inferiores fue determinado por el número de repeticiones ejecutadas en M1 y M2. Resultados: Hubo una reducción en el total de repeticiones en el M2 tanto en el LP (Δ%= -22,97; p-valor=0,0001) como en el FS (Δ%= -17,56%; p-valor=0,0001) en comparación con el M1. En M2 hubo una reducción sólo en la 3ª serie del LP en el análisis intragrupo, y reducción intergrupos en las tres series del M2 en comparación con M1. Para el FS, se observó reducción intragrupo en la 3ª serie de M1 y M2, además de reducción intergrupos en la 1ª y 3ª serie de M2 en comparación con M1. Conclusión: El HIIT, con las características de volumen e intensidad prescritas en el presente estudio, fue capaz de ejercer interferencia negativa sobre el subsiguiente desempeño en el EF en miembros inferiores

Objective: To assess the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT ) on the subsequent performance of strength training (ST ) in lower limbs. Methods: 10 men (23.4 ± 2.4 years, 78.9 ± 8.0 kg, height 1.78 ± 0.08 m, BMI 24.80 ± 1.16, % G 12.3 ± 2, 5; VO2máx 50.9 ± 3.6 ml / kg / min) were subjected to anthropometric, cardiorespiratory and 10 maximum repetition (10RM) tests. At time 1 (M1) the ST was made up of 3 sets of repetitions until the concentric failure for 100% of 10RM, with intervals of 3 minutes between sets in the exercise leg press 45º (LP). Three minutes later the sitting femoral exercise (FS) was started, with the same procedures as before. At time 2 (M2) a HIIT session composed of 10 1 ‘stimuli with intensity between 90 and 95% HRmax (Borg 9 - 10) was performed, interspersed with 10 1' recoveries with intensity between 70 and 75% FCmax (Borg 6 - 7). Immediately after, the ST was performed with the same M1 procedures. The strength performance of the lower limbs was determined by the number of repetitions performed in M1 and M2. Results: There was a reduction in the total of repetitions in the M2 both in the LP (Δ% = -22.97, p-value = 0.0001) and in the FS (Δ% = -17.56%; value = 0.0001) compared to M1. In M2 there was a reduction only in the 3rd series of LP in the intra-group analysis, and intergroup reduction in the three series of M2 compared to M1. For FS, intragroup reduction was observed in the 3rd series of M1 and M2, in addition to intergroup reduction in the 1st and 3rd series of M2 compared to M1. Conclusion: HIIT, with the characteristics of volume and intensity prescribed in the present study, was able to exert negative interference on the subsequent performance in ST in lower limbs

Efeitos de 20 semanas de treinamento combinado na capacidade funcional de idosas / Effects of 20 weeks of combined training on the functional capacity of elderly / Efectos de 20 semanas de entrenamiento combinado en la capacidad funcional de mujeres ancianas

Resumo O estudo baseou-se em avaliar os efeitos de 20 semanas de treinamento combinado na capacidade funcional de idosas; 66 foram divididas por randomização em dois grupos, um grupo treinamento combinado (GTC, n = 33, com 69,12 ± 7 anos) e outro grupo controle (GC, n = 33, com 69,21 ± 6,60 anos). O período de intervenção da pesquisa ocorreu durante 20 semanas. A avaliação da CF foi feita pela Escala de Atividade da Vida Diária (AVD) proposta por Katz, associada à Escala das Atividades Instrumentais da Vida Diária (AIVD) proposta por Lawton. Para o treinamento de força muscular, usou-se carga máxima entre 70-85% de 1RM e no treinamento de resistência cardiovascular optou-se pelo uso de 70-89% da FC de reserva. Os resultados apresentam melhorais estatisticamente significativas na escala de CF de Lawton (Δ% = 21,04%, p = 0,007) e na escala de CF de Katz, (Δ% = 7,31%, p < 0,001) comparados com os do GC. Os resultados possibilitam concluir que a prática do treinamento combinado melhorou a CF de idosas.

Abstract The study was based on evaluating the effects of 20 weeks of concurrent training on the functional capacity of elderly. 66 elderly women were divided by randomization into two groups, a concurrent training group (CTG, n = 33, with 69,12 ± 7,00 years) and a control group (CG, n = 33, with 69,21 ± 6,60 years). The study intervention period occurred during 20 weeks. The evaluation of the CF was made by the Daily Life Activity Scale (ADL) proposed by Katz, associated with the Scale of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) proposed by Lawton. For muscle strength training, maximum load was used between 70-85% of 1RM and in cardiovascular resistance training, 70-89% of reserve HR was used. The results show statistically significant improvement in CF Lawton scale (Δ% = 21,04%, p = 0,007) and CF scale Katz (Δ% = 7.31%, p < 0,001) compared to the control group. The results allow to conclude that the practice of concurrent training improved CF elderly.

Resumen El estudio se basó en la evaluación de los efectos de 20 semanas de entrenamiento combinado en la capacidad funcional (CF) de mujeres ancianas. Se dividió a 66 mujeres ancianas en dos grupos de forma aleatoria: un grupo de entrenamiento combinado (GEC, n = 33, con 69,12 ± 7,00 años) y un grupo control (GC, n = 33, con 69,21 ± 6,60 años). El período de la intervención fue 20 semanas. La evaluación de la CF se llevó a cabo con la Escala de Actividades de la Vida Diaria (AVD), propuesta por Katz, relacionada con la Escala de Actividades Instrumentales de la Vida Diaria (AIVD), propuesta por Lawton. Para el entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular se utilizó una carga máxima del 70-85% de 1RM y para el entrenamiento cardiovascular se optó por el uso del 70-89% de la reserva de la FC. Los resultados muestran una mejora estadísticamente considerable en la escala de la CF de Lawton (Δ% = 21,04%, p = 0,007) y la escala de la CF de Katz (Δ% = 7,31%, p < 0,001) en comparación con el grupo control. Los resultados permiten concluir que la práctica de entrenamiento combinado mejoró la CF de las mujeres ancianas.

Efectos agudos del ciclismo indoor en la presión inspiratoria máxima (PIMax) y la presión espiratoria máxima (PEMax) de adultos activos / Acute effects of indoor cycling on maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) in active adults

Objetivo: verificar el efecto agudo del ciclismo indoor en el PIM y la PEM. Método: estudio experimental con muestra de 10 sujetos, de sexo masculino, de 20 a 30 años, practicantes de entrenamiento de ciclismo indoor durante al menos ocho semanas, con una frecuencia semanal de dos a tres veces. Las variables PIM y PEM se midieron antes y después del entrenamiento de ciclismo indoor con duración de 40 minutos, a través del método continuo. Resultados: Ambas variables mostraron una reducción significativa en comparación con los valores pre y post entrenamiento. PIM (pre: -117.5 ± 19.61; post: -110 ± 21.08) con p = 0.02, mientras que PEM (pre: 50 ± 00; post: 142.5 ± 4.8) con p = 0.01. Conclusiones: la intervención se realiza de forma continua y gradualmente creciente cuya sobrecarga puede generar adaptaciones crónicas tales como aumento de la PIM y PEM. Sin embargo, es necesario más estudios en la misma línea para verificar las relaciones y correlaciones.

Objective: To verify the acute effects of Indoor Cycling on the MIP and MEP. Method: An experimental study sample of ten male subjects, ranging in age from 20 to 30 years old, and who have practiced indoor cycling training for at least eight weeks, two to three times a week. The MIP and MEP variables were measured before and after the indoor cycling workout, lasting 40 minutes and using the continuous method. Results: Both variables showed a significant reduction when compared to pre and post training values. MIP (pre: -117.5 ± 19.61; post: -110 ± 21.08; p = 0.02) while the MEP (pre: 50 ± 00; post: 142.5 ± 4.8; p = 0.01). Conclusion: A continuous intervention with a gradual overload increase which can generate chronic adaptations such as increased MIP and MEP. However, it is necessary to carry out further studies within the same line to verify the correlation.

Concurrent Training Decreases Cortisol but Not Zinc Concentrations: Effects of Distinct Exercise Protocols.

Objectives. To investigate the effects of distinct concurrent training (CT) protocols on zinc and cortisol concentrations and test the correlation between these blood variables. Methods. Samples of serum zinc and cortisol were assessed from 10 male subjects (27.1 ± 4.8 years old; BMI 25.38 ± 0.09) before and immediately after each study session: control (CS = no exercises), concurrent training 1 (CT1 = indoor cycling + strength training), and concurrent training 2 (CT2 = strength training + indoor cycle) with five days of interval between each. Results. There were no significant changes in zinc concentrations after the CS (Δ% = 8.45; p = 0.07), CT1 (Δ% = 4.77; p = 0.49), and CT2 (Δ% = -2.90; p = 0.12) sessions. Cortisol levels showed significant decrease after CS (Δ% = -6.02; p = 0.00), CT1 (Δ% = -26.32; p = 0.02), and CT2 (Δ% = -33.57; p = 0.05) sessions. There was a significant correlation between the variables only at CS (zinc post versus cortisol pre: r = 0.82 and cortisol post: r = 0.82). Conclusions. CT decreases cortisol concentrations regardless of the sequence performed. No changes were found in zinc concentrations after the study sessions. The reduction in serum cortisol concentrations appear to occur by a mechanism independent of the zinc status.

The prevalence of disordered eating and possible health consequences in adolescent female tennis players from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of disordered eating and possible health consequences in adolescent female tennis players. This cross-sectional controlled study investigated the pubertal development (Tanner stages); body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry-DXA); dietary intake (food record); presence of disordered eating (EAT-26, BITE and BSQ); menstrual status (questionnaire) and bone mineral density (DXA). The Female Athlete Triad (FAT) was divided into two severity stages. The study included 45 adolescents (24 athletes and 21 controls) at some pubertal developmental stage. The athletes exhibited better body composition profiles. We found that 91.7%, 33.3% and 25% of athletes and 71.4%, 9.5% and 33.3% of controls met criteria for disordered eating and/or low energy availability, menstrual irregularities and low bone mass, respectively. A greater percentage of athletes than controls presented with 1 and 2 FAT components (stage I), and 4.2% presented with the full syndrome. In conclusion, tennis players appear to present with more severe disorders than controls and should be monitored to avoid damage to their performance and health.

Degree of disability, pain levels, muscle strength, and electromyographic function in patients with Hansen's disease with common peroneal nerve damage.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the degree of disability, pain levels, muscle strength, and electromyographic function (RMS) in individuals with leprosy. METHODS: We assessed 29 individuals with leprosy showing common peroneal nerve damage and grade 1 or 2 disability who were referred for physiotherapeutic treatment, as well as a control group of 19 healthy participants without leprosy. All subjects underwent analyses of degree of disability, electromyographic tests, voluntary muscle force, and the Visual Analog Pain Scale. RESULTS: McNemar's test found higher levels of grade 2 of disability (Δ = 75.9%; p = 0.0001) among individuals with leprosy. The Mann-Whitney test showed greater pain levels (Δ = 5.0; p = 0.0001) in patients with leprosy who had less extension strength in the right and left extensor hallucis longus muscles (Δ = 1.28, p = 0.0001; Δ = 1.55, p = 0.0001, respectively) and dorsiflexion of the right and left feet (Δ = 1.24, p = 0.0001; Δ = 1.45, p = 0.0001, respectively) than control subjects. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the RMS score for dorsiflexion of the right (Δ = 181.66 m·s-2, p = 0.001) and left (Δ = 102.57m·s-2, p = 0.002) feet was lower in patients with leprosy than in control subjects, but intragroup comparisons showed no difference. CONCLUSIONS: Leprosy had a negative influence on all of the study variables, indicating the need for immediate physiotherapeutic intervention in individuals with leprosy. This investigation opens perspectives for future studies that analyze leprosy treatment with physical therapeutic intervention.

Degree of disability, pain levels, muscle strength, and electromyographic function in patients with Hansen's disease with common peroneal nerve damage / Grau de incapacidade, níveis de dor, força muscular e função eletromiográfica em portadores de hanseníase com lesão do nervo fibular comum

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the degree of disability, pain levels, muscle strength, and electromyographic function (RMS) in individuals with leprosy. METHODS: We assessed 29 individuals with leprosy showing common peroneal nerve damage and grade 1 or 2 disability who were referred for physiotherapeutic treatment, as well as a control group of 19 healthy participants without leprosy. All subjects underwent analyses of degree of disability, electromyographic tests, voluntary muscle force, and the Visual Analog Pain Scale. RESULTS: McNemar's test found higher levels of grade 2 of disability (Δ = 75.9%; p = 0.0001) among individuals with leprosy. The Mann-Whitney test showed greater pain levels (Δ = 5.0; p = 0.0001) in patients with leprosy who had less extension strength in the right and left extensor hallucis longus muscles (Δ = 1.28, p = 0.0001; Δ = 1.55, p = 0.0001, respectively) and dorsiflexion of the right and left feet (Δ = 1.24, p = 0.0001; Δ = 1.45, p = 0.0001, respectively) than control subjects. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the RMS score for dorsiflexion of the right (Δ = 181.66 m·s-2, p = 0.001) and left (Δ = 102.57m·s-2, p = 0.002) feet was lower in patients with leprosy than in control subjects, but intragroup comparisons showed no difference. CONCLUSIONS: Leprosy had a negative influence on all of the study variables, indicating the need for immediate physiotherapeutic intervention in individuals with leprosy. This investigation opens perspectives for future studies that analyze leprosy treatment with physical therapeutic intervention.

INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o grau de incapacidade, níveis de dor, força muscular e a função eletromiográfica (RMS) em indivíduos portadores de hanseníase. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta de um grupo de 29 sujeitos portadores de hanseníase, apresentando lesão do nervo fibular comum e grau 1 ou 2 de incapacidade, com indicação ao tratamento fisioterapêutico, e um grupo controle de 19 indivíduos saudáveis, sem hanseníase. Os sujeitos foram submetidos à análise do grau de incapacidade, testes de eletromiografia, de força muscular voluntária e da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) para a dor. RESULTADOS: O teste de McNemar mostrou maior prevalência do grau dois de incapacidade (Δ=75,9%; p=0,0001) entre os indivíduos com hanseníase. O teste de Mann-Whitney revelou maiores níveis de dor (Δ=5,0; p=0,0001) nos pacientes com hanseníase apresentando menores níveis de força muscular da extensão do hálux direito e esquerdo (Δ=1,28, p=0,0001; Δ=1,55, p=0,0001) e flexão dorsal do pé direito e esquerdo (Δ=1,24, p=0,0001; Δ=1,45, p=0,0001) do que os indivíduos sem hanseníase. O teste de Kruskal-Wallis revelou que os valores do RMS da flexão dorsal dos pés direito (Δ=181,66m.s-², p=0,001) e esquerdo (Δ=102,57m.s-2, p=0,002) apresentaram menores valores que o grupo controle em ambos os lados, mas as comparações intragrupos não mostraram diferenças. CONCLUSÕES: Conclui-se que a hanseníase altera todas as variáveis analisadas na pesquisa, indicando a necessidade de intervenção fisioterapêutica imediata nos sujeitos com Hanseníase. Esta investigação abre perspectivas de futuras pesquisas que analisem o tratamento da hanseníase com intervenção fisioterapêutica.

The effectiveness of the Pilates method: reducing the degree of non-structural scoliosis, and improving flexibility and pain in female college students.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Pilates with regard to the degree of scoliosis, flexibility and pain. METHOD: The study included 31 female students divided into two groups: a control group (CG = 11), which had no therapeutic intervention, and an experimental group (EG = 20), which underwent Pilates-based therapy. We used radiological goniometry measurements to assess the degree of scoliosis, standard goniometry measurements to determine the degree of flexibility and the scale of perceived pain using the Borg CR 10 to quantify the level of pain. RESULTS: The independent t test of the Cobb angle (t = - 2.317, p = 0.028), range of motion of trunk flexion (t = 3.088, p = 0.004) and pain (t = -2.478, p = 0.019) showed significant differences between the groups, with best values in the Pilates group. The dependent t test detected a significant decrease in the Cobb angle (Δ% = 38%, t = 6.115, p = 0.0001), a significant increase in trunk flexion (Δ% = 80%, t = -7.977, p = 0.0001) and a significant reduction in pain (Δ% = 60%, t = 7.102, p = 0.0001) in the EG. No significant difference in Cobb angle (t = 0.430, p = 0.676), trunk flexion, (t = 0.938p = 0.371) or pain (t = 0.896, p = 0.391) was found for the CG. CONCLUSION: The Pilates group was better than control group. The Pilates method showed a reduction in the degree of non-structural scoliosis, increased flexibility and decreased pain.

Efeitos agudos do treinamento concorrente sobre os níveis séricos de leptina e cortisol em adultos jovens sobrepesados / Acute effects of concurrent training on serum leptin and cortisol in overweight young adults

OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos imediatos do treinamento concorrente sobre a leptina e os níveis de cortisol em adultos jovens com sobrepeso. MÉTODOS: Este estudo utilizou uma metodologia quase-experimental. Foram 20 indivíduos voluntários de ambos os sexos, divididos em um grupo sobrepesado treinamento (GST n = 10) e um grupo sobrepesado controle (n = 10). A coleta de sangue foi realizada com os indivíduos em repouso após jejum de 12 horas. Os níveis de leptina e cortisol foram analisados por radioimunoensaio e ensaio por quimioluminescência chimiluminescence antes e imediatamente após o treinamento. ANOVA two way foi utilizada para análise estatística com nível de significância de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Na análise da leptina sérica, observou-se diferença significativa intergrupos (GST x GSC) nos momentos pré-intervenção (p = 0,02) e pós-intervenção (p = 0,01). Na análise intragrupos, não foram observadas alterações significativas. E na análise do cortisol sérico intergrupos (GST x GSC), foi observada uma diferença significativa nos momentos pré-intervenção (p = 0,01) e pós-intervenção (p = 0,01), porém, na análise intragrupos, não houve alterações significativas. CONCLUSÃO: Uma única sessão de treinamento concorrente não é suficiente para promover alterações agudas nos níveis de leptina e cortisol dos jovens adultos sobrepesados voluntários deste estudo.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the immediate effects of concurrent training on leptin and cortisol levels in overweight young adults. METHODS: This study used a quasi-experimental methodology. We included 20 volunteers of both sexes, randomly divided into a training competitor group (TCG n = 10) and a control group (C n = 10). Blood collection was performed in individuals at rest after fasting for 12 hours. The leptin and cortisol levels were analyzed by radioimmunoassay and chimiluminescence immunoassay before and immediately after training. Two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis with a significance level of p <0.05. RESULTS: In the analysis of leptin levels, there was significant difference between groups (TCG x C) in the pre intervention (p = 0.02) and post intervention (p = 0.01). In the intra groups, no significant changes were found, and in the analysis of cortisol levels between groups (TGC x C), a significant difference in the pre intervention (p = 0.01) and post intervention (p = 0.01) was observed; however, in the intra groups there were no significant changes. CONCLUSION: A single concurrent training session is not sufficient to promote acute changes in the leptin and cortisol levels of the volunteer overweight young adults in this study.

Electromyography function, disability degree, and pain in leprosy patients undergoing neural mobilization treatment.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the neural mobilization technique on electromyography function, disability degree, and pain in patients with leprosy. METHODS: A sample of 56 individuals with leprosy was randomized into an experimental group, composed of 29 individuals undergoing treatment with neural mobilization, and a control group of 27 individuals who underwent conventional treatment. In both groups, the lesions in the lower limbs were treated. In the treatment with neural mobilization, the procedure used was mobilization of the lumbosacral roots and sciatic nerve biased to the peroneal nerve that innervates the anterior tibial muscle, which was evaluated in the electromyography. RESULTS: Analysis of the electromyography function showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the experimental group in both the right (Δ%=22.1, p=0.013) and the left anterior tibial muscles (Δ%=27.7, p=0.009), compared with the control group pre- and post-test. Analysis of the strength both in the movement of horizontal extension (Δ%right=11.7, p=0.003/Δ%left=27.4, p=0.002) and in the movement of back flexion (Δ%right=31.1; p=0.000/Δ%left=34.7, p=0.000) showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in both the right and the left segments when comparing the experimental group pre- and post-test. The experimental group showed a significant reduction (p=0.000) in pain perception and disability degree when the pre- and post-test were compared and when compared with the control group in the post-test. CONCLUSIONS: Leprosy patients undergoing the technique of neural mobilization had an improvement in electromyography function and muscle strength, reducing disability degree and pain.

Electromyography function, disability degree, and pain in leprosy patients undergoing neural mobilization treatment / Função eletromiográfica, grau de incapacidade e de dor em portadores de hanseníase submetidos à mobilização neural

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the neural mobilization technique on electromyography function, disability degree, and pain in patients with leprosy. METHODS: A sample of 56 individuals with leprosy was randomized into an experimental group, composed of 29 individuals undergoing treatment with neural mobilization, and a control group of 27 individuals who underwent conventional treatment. In both groups, the lesions in the lower limbs were treated. In the treatment with neural mobilization, the procedure used was mobilization of the lumbosacral roots and sciatic nerve biased to the peroneal nerve that innervates the anterior tibial muscle, which was evaluated in the electromyography. RESULTS: Analysis of the electromyography function showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the experimental group in both the right (Δ percent=22.1, p=0.013) and the left anterior tibial muscles (Δ percent=27.7, p=0.009), compared with the control group pre- and post-test. Analysis of the strength both in the movement of horizontal extension (Δ percentright=11.7, p=0.003/Δ percentleft=27.4, p=0.002) and in the movement of back flexion (Δ percentright=31.1; p=0.000/Δ percentleft=34.7, p=0.000) showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in both the right and the left segments when comparing the experimental group pre- and post-test. The experimental group showed a significant reduction (p=0.000) in pain perception and disability degree when the pre- and post-test were compared and when compared with the control group in the post-test. CONCLUSIONS: Leprosy patients undergoing the technique of neural mobilization had an improvement in electromyography function and muscle strength, reducing disability degree and pain.

INTRODUÇÃO: Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da técnica de mobilização neural sobre a função eletromiográfica, grau de incapacidade e dor em portadores de hanseníase. MÉTODOS: A amostra de 56 indivíduos portadores de hanseníase foi randomizada em: grupo experimental composto por 29 indivíduos submetidos ao tratamento com mobilização neural e grupo controle composto por 27 indivíduos submetidos ao tratamento convencional. Em ambos os grupos, foram tratadas as lesões nos membros inferiores. No tratamento com mobilização neural, o procedimento utilizado foi a mobilização das raízes lombossacrais e do nervo isquiático com viés para o nervo fibular, que inerva o músculo tibial anterior, o qual foi avaliado na eletromiografia. RESULTADOS: Ao analisar a função eletromiográfica, observou-se aumento significativo (p<0,05) no grupo experimental em ambos os músculos tibiais anteriores, direito (∆ por cento=22,1; p=0,01) e esquerdo (∆ por cento=27,7; p=0,009), comparado ao grupo controle no pré e pós teste. Ao analisar a força no movimento de extensão horizontal (∆ por centodir=11,7; p=0,003/∆ por cento esq=27,4; p=0,002) e no movimento de dorso flexão (∆ por cento dir=31,1; p=0,000/∆ por cento esq=34,7; p=0,000), observou-se aumento significativo (p<0,05) em ambos os segmentos direito e esquerdo ao comparar o grupo experimental no pré e pós teste. O grupo experimental apresentou redução significativa (p=0,000) na percepção de dor e no grau de incapacidade ao comparar o pré e pós teste e na comparação com o grupo controle no pós teste. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes submetidos à técnica de mobilização neural obtiveram melhora na função eletromiográfica e nos níveis de força muscular reduzindo o grau de incapacidade e dor.

Saúde bucal e marcadores bioquímicos de jogadores amadores de futebol do Estado do Piauí - Brasil / Oral health and blood biochemical markers of amateur´s soccer players in Brazil

Objetivo - Identificar o efeito do tratamento endodôntico sobre os marcadores bioquímicossanguíneos de jogadores de futebol amador piauiense, cujos dentes estãocom comprometimento pulpar irreversível diagnosticado. Material e Métodos - Amostra formada por 26 jogadores, divididos conforme ocorrências odontológicas em Grupo Experimental (GE), composto por 16 jogadores, e Grupo Controle (GC), formado por 10 jogadores. Utilizou-se o teste t Student pareado para as comparações intragrupos e a análise de variância (ANOVA) de medidas repetidas para as comparações intergrupos com o Post Hoc de Scheffe. Resultados - Os resultados demonstraram que os jogadores do GE, após tratamento endodôntico com lesão periapical(81,3%), e do GC, após o tratamento das lesões cariosas (80%), não apresentaram novas intercorrências odontológicas e foram submetidos a exames de sangue para verificaçãodo Hematócrito (HTO), Hemoglobina (HB), Leucócito (LCT), Velocidadede Hemossedimentação (VHS), e Proteína C Reativa (PCR). Observando-se uma redução significativa nos grupos na variável bioquímica HB, tanto no GC (Δ%=-5,67; p=0,003) quanto no GE (Δ%=-13,78; p=0,034). Ao analisar os marcadores bioquímicos intergrupos, verificou-se uma diferença significativa (p<0,05) no momento pós- -teste nas variáveis HTO e LCT quando comparados o GE com o GC. Os resultados da variável Proteína C Reativa apresentaram-se como não reagentes no início e notérmino do tratamento em ambos os grupos. No entanto, esses valores apresentam-se dentro da faixa de normalidade. Conclusão - Foi possível constatar a eficácia do tratamento, mas impossível identificar alguma possibilidade de associação do estadode comprometimento dos dentes dos jogadores com seus marcadores bioquímicos.

Objective - Evaluate the oral health of amateur’s soccer players of the Piauiense soccer about the blood biochemical markers. Material and Methods - A sample formed by 26 soccer players grouped according to dentistry occurrences in experimental group (EG) composed by 16 soccer players and control group (CG) formed by 10 soccer players. It was used the test t-Student paired to the comparisons intragroupsand the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of repeated measures to the intergroupscomparisons with Post Hoc by Scheffe. Results - The results demonstratedthat the soccer players of the EG after endodontic treatment with periapical lesion (81,3%) didn’t presented new occurrences, being soon submitted to blood exams to verify the Hematocrit (HTO), Hemoglobin (HB), Leukocyte (LCT), Velocity of Hemossedimentation(VHS), and Protein C Reactive (PCR), presenting in the results a significant difference (p<0,05) in HTO and LCT. This is an overrun not so significantwhen it’s considered the period in which the athletes are and other factors as thevolume and intensity of the training that means to influence in the improving of the body composition and in the physical capability of the soccer players. Conclusion - Was possible to verify the effectiveness of treatment, but were unable to identify any possible association of the state of engagement of teeth of the players and their biochemical markers.