[Cervicogenic dysphagia: a case report]. / Tservikogennaya disfagiya: sluchai iz praktiki.

The article presents a case of pharyngeal dysphagia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome caused by degenerative-dystrophic changes in the cervical spine with the formation of large cervical osteophytes at the C3-C6 level. Osteophytes caused deformation of the posterior wall of the hypopharynx and narrowing of its lumen by 20-25% from the level of the arytenoid cartilages to the upper parts of the epiglottis. CT scan also showed the intervertebral disc heights lost, as well as osteophytes at the posterolateral margins of the vertebral bodies (disc osteophyte complex). Osteosclerosis in combination with facet arthrosis caused spinal and foraminal stenosis.

[Maxillary sinusitis as a complication of dental implants placement: a case report]. / Verkhnechelyustnoi sinusit kak oslozhnenie dental'noi implantatsii: sluchai iz praktiki.

The article presents a case of chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and the results of its surgical treatment. The cause of the sinusitis, confirmed by the results of X-ray and pathohistological studies, was an inflammatory process affecting the bone tissue around the implant, installed in the place of the upper first molar which was accompanied by the development of an oroantral fistula. During the surgical intervention, the communication between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus was eliminated, and the implant with the abutment, which was entirely in its cavity, was also removed.

[Diagnostic criteria of maxillary sinus hypoplasia using cone-beam computed tomography]. / Diagnosticheskie kriterii gipoplazii verkhnechelyustnoi pazukhi po dannym konusno-luchevoi komp'yuternoi tomografii.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic significance of X-ray criteria of maxillary sinus hypoplasia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of 553 patients (1006 maxillary sinuses) with dental and ENT pathology from Minsk outpatient clinics, were studied. The morphometric parameters of 23 maxillary sinuses with radiological signs of hypoplasia, as well as orbits on the affected side, were analyzed. The maximum linear dimensions were measured using the tools of the CBCT viewer. The convolutional neural network technology was applied for maxillary sinus semi-automatic segmentation. RESULTS: The reliable radiological signs of hypoplasia of the maxillary sinus are a two-fold decrease in its height and/or width relative to the corresponding dimensions of the orbit, a high level of location of the inferior wall of the sinus, displacement of its medial wall to the lateral side, anterolateral wall asymmetry in association with unilateral hypoplasia, as well as lateralization of the uncinate process and ethmoid infundibulum with narrowing of ostial passage. CONCLUSION: In unilateral hypoplasia, the volume of the sinus is reduced by 31-58% compared to the contralateral side.

[Anatomical variations of the ethmomaxillary sinus]. / Variantnaya anatomiya reshetchato-verkhnechelyustnoi pazukhi.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the prevalence and individual variations of the ethmomaxillary sinus (EMS) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: CBCT images from 553 dental and ENT patients (1106 sides), presenting to treatment at Minsk outpatient clinics, Belarus, were used in this study. The maximum vertical diameter of ethmomaxillary sinus in the coronal plane was measured. Anatomical variations of the ostiomeatal complex and mucosal diseases of paranasal sinuses were recorded. RESULTS: Ethmomaxillary sinus - is posterior ethmoidal cell extending to the posterior superior part of the maxillary sinus (MS) while draining into superior meatus. It was present in 13 of 553 patients (2.4%). The age of patients with EMS ranged from 12 to 60 years, including 8 males and 5 females. A total of 5 patients had unilateral EMS and 8 patients - bilateral EMS. Ethmomaxillary sinus was extended to the alveolar bone in five cases. Moreover, in two cases, the roots of the upper third molars protruded into its lumen. CONCLUSION: The enlarged posterior ethmoidal air cell can occupy the posterior superior portion of the maxillary sinus and even reach the alveolar bone. Such a cell is called the ethmomaxillary sinus and, as a rule, its presence is accompanied by excessive pneumatization of other cranial bones. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the ethmomaxillary sinus is most often not combined with the radiographic signs of maxillary sinusitis, and a direct communication of the EMS and MS was detected in only one patient.

[Topography of maxillary sinus septa according to cone beam computed tomography data]. / Topografiya sept verkhnechelyustnoi pazukhi po dannym konusno-luchevoi komp'yuternoi tomografii.

The aim of the study was to establish the location, orientation and height of the maxillary sinus primary septa. The data of 100 cone-beam computed tomography scans of patients with a mean age of 37.6±15.4 years from dental outpatient hospitals of Minsk, Belarus taken from 2012 to 2019 were analyzed. The prevalence of sinus septa was 45.6% for sinuses and 37.2% for patients. As a rule, septa were symmetric bilaterally. The heights of septa varied from 2-3 mm to 8-14 mm in the majority of cases. Orientation of septa was coronal in 94.7%, sagittal in 3.9%, and horizontal in 1.4% of cases. The location of the septa must be considered when planning for dental implants. In addition, septa in the upper and posterior regions of the maxillary sinus may interfere with mucociliary clearance.

[Bifid mandibular canal]. / Razdvoennyi kanal nizhnei cheliusti.

The article describes three types of bifurcations of the mandibular canal that were identified as accidental findings in cone-beam computed tomograms of the maxillofacial area of patients subjected to dental treatment. Bifid mandibular canal types are illustraded with clinical cases.