REQUIREMENTS FOR FORMULATING EMULSIONS IN PHARMACY SETTING.

The purpose of the study was to substantiate and develop a project of monograph on the liquid dosage form «Emulsions made in pharmacies¼ for introduction to State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Studies were conducted using analysis of pharmacopoeia rules and technological approaches in different countries for pharmaceutical emulsions. It has used retrospective, logical, systematic and analytical methods. The characteristics of emulsions were generalized and issues of their stabilization were considered. Basic technological approaches to the selection of emulsifiers are determined. The main pharmacopoeia aspects of the regulation of emulsions preparing in pharmacy conditions are examined using the examples of EP, USP, Japanese and the republic of Belarus Pharmacopoeia. A project of monograph "Emulsions made in pharmacies" was proposed to the SPhU for introduction in pharmaceutical practice.

Determination of the cause of selected canine urolith formation by advanced analytical methods.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine the cause of selected canine urolith formation using less conventional but more advanced analytical methods. METHODS: A routine laboratory specialising in urinary calculi analysis noticed a special type of core zone in some canine uroliths, which was typically made up of cylindrical holes. Of 4028 canine samples analysed, non-absorbable suture material was detected in 9 (0·22%) cases. A hollow cylindrical central area was found in a further 13 (0·32%) samples. X-ray microtomography (µCT) was utilised in order to reveal the channel structure inside this urolith sample. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation - time of flight mass spectrometry was used in order to assess the cause of this urinary stone formation. RESULTS: The diameter of the channel structure corresponded with the diameter of the previously utilised suture material and indicated that this urolith was formed around residual suture material. Further confirmation was provided by the comparative matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation - time of flight mass spectrometry chemical analysis. This channel structure is formed by a surgical thread that serves as a base for the urolith growth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Results of this study confirm the causative role of absorbable suture material in the pathogenesis of hollow channel structures in some canine compound uroliths.