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1.
In. Hatcher Roberts, Janet; Kitts, Jennifer; Jones Arsenault, Lori. Gender, health, and sustainable development: perspectives from Asia and the Caribbean; proceedings of workshops held in Singapore, 23-26 January 1995 and in Bridgetown, Barbados, 6-9 December 1994. Ottawa, International Development Research Centre, Aug. 1995. p.305-7.
Monografia em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-3491
2.
Public Health ; 109: 111-16, 1995. tab, gra
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-3638

RESUMO

A community volunteer programme was initiated in rural Jamaica in May 1990. The main aim of the programme was to monitor the growth of children less than 36 months of age through community health volunteers (CHVs) and improve their nutritional status. At the end of the second year the programme was evaluated to determine effectiveness. The results of the evaluation indicated that almost all (95.6 percent) of the children were covered by the CHVs. In addition the participation rate was high (78.5 percent). However, only 50 percent of the children were adequately covered. Nonetheless, 81 percent of them gained adequate weight. Indeed, malnutrition levels declined by 34.5 percent. The annual cost per child per year for the total programme was fairly moderate (US$14.5) with growth monitoring accounting for nearly half (42.7). The results suggest that CHVs can play an important role in primary health care programmes in developing countries(AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Recém-Nascido , Agentes Comunitários de Saúde , Transtornos do Crescimento/prevenção & controle , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/epidemiologia , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Prevenção Primária , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/diagnóstico , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/epidemiologia , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/prevenção & controle , Saúde da População Rural , Voluntários , Estado Nutricional
3.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-4704

RESUMO

This article describes the development of a school environment questionnaire to assess student's perception of their school environment. The dimensions and internal consistency reliability were examined ulitlzing various statistical methods - factor analysis and alpha coefficient. The sample consisted of 705 students from two high schools with ages ranging from ten to nineteen years. Results showed that the students perceived their school as having various aspects, rather than a global point of view. Factor analysis identified seven dimensions in the school environment: external characteristics of the environment, aesthetic and functional elements of the classroom, students' bathroom, the canteen and staffroom, the aesthetic and functional elements of the school as a whole and sanitation. Overall the internal reliability of the factors was high. Implications for school health programs are addressed. (au)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adolescente , Criança , Inquéritos e Questionários , Instituições Acadêmicas , Meio Ambiente , Meio Social , Saneamento , Percepção Social , Jamaica
4.
Public Health ; 108(5): 327-31, Sept. 1994.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-4742

RESUMO

Risk factors associated with malnutrition were examined in Jamaica. Socio-economic data were obtained on 63 well-nourished and 14 malnourished children. Risk factors associated with malnutrition were birth weight less than 2.5kg (P < 0.01), maternal age equal to or greater than 25 years (P < 0.05) and landlessness (P < 0.05). Intervention aimed at reducing these factors can go a long way in reducing the malnutrition problem in developing countries (AU)


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Distúrbios Nutricionais/epidemiologia , População Rural , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Jamaica/epidemiologia
5.
Trop Doct ; 23(2): 55-8, Apr. 1993.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-8220

RESUMO

There is an urgent need for a quick inexpensive and reliable method for identifying groups and individuals most in need of primary health care. The Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) is the most appropriate approach. It is a method by which resources can be quickly deployed to alleviate the problems of the poor. If properly used it can play a major role in identifying community health needs thereby aiding the health planning process and improving the health of the people. Nevertheless, RRA techniques should not be regarded as separate and apart from other research methodologies but complementary to them (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Planejamento em Saúde , Saúde da População Rural , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Países em Desenvolvimento , Jamaica , Classe Social
8.
West Indian med. j ; 40(Suppl. 2): 93, July 1991.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-5229

RESUMO

The first wave of the typhoid epidemic started in July 1990, followed by a second wave in September 1990. One hundred and forty-five cases in the latter were studied to determine the risk factors associated with transmission of the Salmonella typhi in the three affected areas in Westmoreland. This was a case control study in which 145 cases were compared with 154 matched controls. The same questionnaire was administered to both groups. The mean age of the cases was similar to that of the controls (13.1 ñ 9.1 SD vs 13.2 ñ 7.9 SD). Sex distribution of the cases and controls was also similar (females: 44.8 percent vs 46.8 percent; males: 55.2 percent vs 53.2 percent). More than half of the cases (58.6 percent) and controls (64.9 percent were students). The purchase of two or more food items from vendors (odds ratio 2.5), piped water into the home (odds ratio 2.4), preparing food for the household (odds ratio 2.4) and the eating of ice-cream (odds ratio 2.2) were all associated with risk of typhoid fever. The results of the case control study were consistent with the possible spread of typhoid through the purchase of food items or ice-cream from vendors or through the piped water system but none of these associations could be established as causative factors on the basis of the case control study alone. Public health measures including health education were directed at controlling all possible modes of transmission of the typhoid epidemic (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adulto , Febre Tifoide/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Salmonella typhi , Ingestão de Alimentos , Jamaica
9.
Health Policy and Planning ; 6(1): 78-81, Mar. 1991.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-5616

RESUMO

The advantages of breast feeding are many. There is now strong scientific evidence indicating that breastfeeding plays an important role in preventing breast cancer, and in avoiding a further pregnancy in the first six months after delivery. Furthermore, the human immune virus has been isolated in breast milk. Recent evidence has emerged, however, which indicates that breeastfeeding is declining in developing countries. This is related to a variety of factors such as the introduction of modern technology, inappropriate advertising and promotion of infant formulae and lack of adequate social support systems. There is also scientific evidence which shows that the combined oral contraceptive pill significantly decreases milk output. In the light of this trend of declining breastfeeding, and new information pertaining to breastfeeding, there is urgent need for policy-makers in developing countries critically to examine their breastfeeding policies. This will provide them with an oppertunity to update these policies and at the same time develop strategies to promote breastfeeding and reverse the negative trends. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Aleitamento Materno , Nutrição do Lactente , Política Nutricional , Alimentos Infantis , Países em Desenvolvimento
17.
West Indian med. j ; 38(4): 241-5, Dec. 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-14318

RESUMO

A study of the elderly was carried out in 2 Cornwall County parishes (Hanover and Westmoreland) from June to August, 1987. The health status and general situation of the elderly attending Government Medical Clinics was studied to obtain information to design nutrition education services that met their needs. Four Health Centres (two Type II and two Type III) were selected by stratified random sampling for the study. The results indicated that more elderly women (71 percent) than men (29 percent) used in primary Health Care Services. Obesity was more common among women (29 percent) than men (0 percent). More men (30 percent) were underweight than were women (9 percent). Food stamps appeared to be the most regular source of income for the elderly. Most of the elderly (92 percent) felt that they were not in good health. Although they generally had 2 to 3 meals per day, their food intake, particularly of fruits and peas, appeared to be inadequate. The results point clearly to a need to strengthen the nutrition education services offered to the elderly attending Government Medical Clinics in Cornwall County, Jamaica (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estado Nutricional , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Idoso , Avaliação Nutricional , Nível de Saúde , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Avaliação Geriátrica , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Jamaica
18.
Trop Doct ; 19(3): 118-9, July 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-12499

RESUMO

This paper addresses the institutionalization of the primary health care program in Cornwall County Jamaica, supervised by the Ministry of Health. Under this program, 59 new health centers were constructed and 28 existing ones remodelled. The primary health centers were decentralized and an administrative unit of a hierarchy of health centers was established and classified as type 1 through 4. Type 1 health center was the smallest and the simplest health unit, and both type 2 and 3 health unit functioned as referral units for patients from type 1 health center. The type 4 health center had an additional administrative block for senior staff of the parish. The implications of this health system to Cornwall County in 1976 were 1) a decline in community health aides per health center, 2) additional child welfare, prenatal family planning, and medical clinics were held, 3) the number of rural families utilizing health care increased, 4) community health workers made significantly fewer home visits as a result of additional clinic units and in turn child health care declined significantly, 5) health workers carried out more curative activities and fewer preventive duties, 6) an increase in data collection through defaults in the system lead to non-utilization of the data for policy planning purposes, 7) shortage of staff to support the increased patient load and duties at health centers. Consequently, the health system could not cope with this well intentioned policy change which emphasised shifting from community outreach to health center-based activities. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Implementação de Plano de Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Planejamento em Saúde/organização & administração , Jamaica
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