A case report and review of acute cholangitis with septic shock induced by Edwardsiella tarda.

BACKGROUND: Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) is a gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacterium. Gastroenteritis is the most common manifestation of E. tarda infection. However, parenteral infections can occur in immunodeficient hosts, as well as hepatobiliary diseases, malignancies, and/or diabetes. The prognosis of sepsis caused by E. tarda is very worse, with a mortality rate of 38%. We report the occurrence of acute cholecystitis with septic shock and E. tarda bloodstream infection. CASE PRESENTATION: A 64-year-old male with acute cholecystitis secondary to hepatitis B virus infection showed fever and sudden upper abdominal pain. On arrival, right upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and jaundice were observed. Computed tomography showed common bile duct stones and gallbladder stones. Choledocholithiasis with acute cholangitis was diagnosed and treated surgically. Due to septic shock, a blood culture was assessed showing E. tarda as the main pathogen. Choledocholithotomy, T-tube drainage, cholecystectomy, and intravenous antibiotic treatment after the operation. The patient recovered smoothly after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Although E. tarda infection is extremely rare, it can cause rapid episodes of rapidly progressive and life-threatening disease, as well as intestinal and parenteral infections. If necessary, early surgical treatment of parenteral infection should be considered and antibiotics should be used in time.

Rapid Identification and Drug Sensitivity Test to Urinary Tract Infection Pathogens by DOT-MGA.

Aim: To reduce the inspection time for urinary tract pathogens and provide a rapid and effective therapeutic plan for clinical anti-infection treatment, this study developed a rapid identification (ID) and antimicrobial sensitivity test (AST) method by DOT-MGA. Methods: We grouped midstream urine samples with single bacteria according to the number of bacteria (≤5/5-15/≥ 15) under per oil microscope after Gram staining. Then we adopted differential centrifugation to process the grouped samples to collect precipitate. MALDI-TOF MS was performed using precipitate directly or after short-term culture. If succeed, we resuspended the precipitate into droplets with or without antibiotics at a MALDI target. Four hours later, mass spectrometer (MS) was used to identify the culture on the target and to analyse AST. Results: Samples (count ≥ 15), which precipitate can be directly identified by MS; otherwise, the precipitate need a short-term cultured for 3-6 h before ID. The consistency of the ID results between conventional culture and the precipitate is 100%. Compared with broth microdilution method, DOT-MGA for predicting AST had a high consistency. EA and CA for IPM, LEV, CAZ, NIT, and FOT were 100%/100%, 98%/90%, 98%/92%, 100%/90%, 98%/94%, respectively. No VME was observed in all tests. Besides, MIC50 for the five antibiotics by DOT-MGA and broth microdilution method were ≤1/≤0.5,>2/2,≤4/≤2,≤32/≤16,≤64/≤32 and MIC90 were ≤1/≤0.5, >2/>4, 16/16, 128/128, 128/64. Conclusion: This study can shorten the ID time (minimum 0.5h) and AST (minimum 4h) of the main pathogens of urinary tract infection to 5-10 hours, which greatly reduce the inspection time and provide substantial help for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of patients with urinary tract infection.

Hepatic transcriptome study of Taenia asiatica infection in suckling pigs.

Taenia asiatica is a crucial Taenia that is prevalent in East and Southeast Asia. Domestic pigs and wild boars are essential intermediate hosts for Taenia. Cysticercus larvae are mainly parasitic in the liver of domestic pigs. The Taenia asiatica was collected from Liangmu Township, Duyun City, Guizhou Province. Twelve Yorkshire Suckling pigs of 20 days of age were randomly divided into an experimental and control group of 6 pigs each. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was used to detect the expression differences of the mRNA transcriptomes in the liver of the experimental and control group at different infection times. Differential genes were analyzed by bioinformatics and verified by Real Time-PCR(RT-PCR). On the 15th and 75th days after infection, 152 and 558 differentially expressed genes were detected in the liver of the experimental group, respectively, accounting for 0.85% and 3.12% of all identified transcribed RNA genes, respectively. Through GO and KEGG related bioinformatics analysis, it was found that these differentially expressed genes are involved in the immune response, material metabolism, fibrosis, and tissue proliferation and repair of suckling pig liver, and related to MHC antigen processing and presentation, cytochrome P450, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) signaling pathway and so on. Cysticercus asiatica parasites cause significant differential gene expression in the liver of suckling pigs. Specific differentially expressed genes are involved in biological processes such as liver metabolism, immune response, and tissue repair or regeneration in suckling pigs. The immune evasion is related to the immuno-suppressive response of the intermediate host.