RESUMO
El síndrome hepatorrenal (SHR) se define como el desarrollo de injuria renalen un paciente cirrótico en ausencia de una causa identificable que la explique. De acuerdo con la velocidad de instalación y la severidad de la fallarenal, se describen 2 tipos (tipo I y tipo II). El SHR tipo I se caracteriza por un rápido y progresivo deterioro de la función renal con un pronóstico ominoso, mientras que en el SHR tipo II el desarrollo de la falla renal es de instalación más insidiosa y de menor gravedad, pero de todas formas con un mal pronóstico a corto plazo. La media de sobrevida global de esta entidad es deaproximadamente 3 meses (2 semanas para el SHR tipo I vs. 4 a 6 meses para el SHR tipo II), aunque la implementación de estrategias terapéuticas tiene un claro impacto en el pronóstico. Dado que no existen pruebas de laboratorio específicas para su diagnóstico, éste se basa en datos clínico-analíticos y en la exclusión de otras causas de injuria renal en este contexto. El tratamiento definitivo de esta entidad es el trasplante hepático, siendo los fármacos vasoconstrictores sistémicos análogos de la vasopresina en combinación con albúmina la terapéutica puente de elección a él
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is defined as the onset of renal failure without an identifiable cause in a cirrhotic patient. According with the installation speed and the severity of the renal failure, two types are described: type I and type II. Type I is characterized by a rapid and progressive deterioration of renal function with an ominous prognosis. Type II, presents with an insidious and less severe development of renal failure, but always bears a poor short-term prognosis. Although the implementation of therapeutic strategies has a clear impact on the prognosis, the median overall survival of these patients is approximately 3 months (2 weeks for type I HRS vs. 4 to 6 months for type II HRS). Since there are no specific tests for the diagnosis, it is based on a combination of clinical and laboratory data as well as the exclusion of other kinds of renal injury. Systemic vasoconstrictors drugs analogues of vasopressin combined with albumin are the treatment of choice before liver transplantation, which constitutes the definitive treatment of this entity.
Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome Hepatorrenal/diagnóstico , Síndrome Hepatorrenal/fisiopatologia , Síndrome Hepatorrenal/terapia , Síndrome Hepatorrenal/etiologia , Síndrome Hepatorrenal/prevenção & controle , Vasoconstritores/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules that participate in the regulation of gene expression. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of microRNAs in oncogenesis and a variety of physiological functions. We conducted a literature review of studies that evaluated histological microRNAs in colorectal cancer. Although additional clinical studies are required to substantiate the relationship between microRNAs and colorectal cancer, there is preliminary evidence that microRNAs are related to the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Fezes/química , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento , PrognósticoRESUMO
Los mecanismos epigenéticos fisiológicos que pueden modificar la estructura de la cromatina comprenden la metilación del ADN, las modificaciones de las histonas y las modificaciones en el RNA. Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica en PubMed acerca de la evidencia publicada sobre la relación existente entre la epigenética y el cáncer colorrectal. La literatura científica pone de manifiesto que en el origen de la enfermedad neoplásica las alteraciones epigenéticas pueden ser tan importantes como las modificaciones genéticas, contribuyendo ambas a la progresión y desarrollo de la enfermedad neoplásica (AU)
The epigenetic and physiological mechanisms that alter the structure of chromatin include the methylation of DNA, changes in the histones, and changes in RNA. A literature review has been carried out using PubMed on the evidence published on the association between epigenetics and colorectal cancer. The scientific literature shows that epigenetic changes, such as genetic modifications may be very significant in the origin of neoplastic disease, contributing both to the development and progression of the disease (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Epigênese Genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Cromatina/ultraestrutura , Genômica , Metilação de DNA/genética , Histonas/genética , Marcadores GenéticosRESUMO
The epigenetic and physiological mechanisms that alter the structure of chromatin include the methylation of DNA, changes in the histones, and changes in RNA. A literature review has been carried out using PubMed on the evidence published on the association between epigenetics and colorectal cancer. The scientific literature shows that epigenetic changes, such as genetic modifications may be very significant in the origin of neoplastic disease, contributing both to the development and progression of the disease.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Epigenômica , Metilação de DNA , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genéticaRESUMO
Liver involvement due to brucellosis can occur during the acute or the chronic phase of the disease. The marked tendency toward circumscription can give rise to hepatic pseudotumoral lesions with a calcified granulomatous appearance, called brucellomas. Surgery is the only correct treatment, including Brucella PCR in the central calcified lesion, because serological studies are often inconclusive.
Assuntos
Brucelose , Abscesso Hepático , Adulto , Brucelose/diagnóstico , Brucelose/cirurgia , Humanos , Abscesso Hepático/diagnóstico , Abscesso Hepático/cirurgia , MasculinoRESUMO
La afectación hepática en el transcurso clínico de una brucelosis puede producirse tanto en la fase aguda como en la fase crónica de la enfermedad. La clara tendencia hacia la circunscripción puede dar lugar a lesiones hepáticas seudotumorales, de aspecto granulomatoso y calcificadas, denominados brucelomas. El tratamiento quirúrgico es la única actitud terapéutica correcta. Se debe incluir la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para Brucella en la lesión calcificada central, ya que con frecuencia los estudios serológicos no son concluyentes (AU)
Liver involvement due to brucellosis can occur during the acute or the chronic phase of the disease. The marked tendency toward circumscription can give rise to hepatic pseudotumoral lesions with a calcified granulomatous appearance, called brucellomas. Surgery is the only correct treatment, including Brucella PCR in the central calcified lesion, because serological studies are often inconclusive (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Brucelose/complicações , Neoplasias Hepáticas/microbiologia , Brucella/patogenicidade , Antibacterianos/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Dor Abdominal/etiologia , Linfangioma Cístico/complicações , Cisto Mesentérico/complicações , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Linfangioma Cístico/congênito , Linfangioma Cístico/diagnóstico , Linfangioma Cístico/cirurgia , Cisto Mesentérico/congênito , Cisto Mesentérico/diagnóstico , Cisto Mesentérico/cirurgiaRESUMO
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