Infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con o en riesgo de infecciones venéreas: estudio de su incidencia y factores asociados en un centro monográfico de infecciones de transmisión sexual / SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with or at risk for venereal infections: Incidence and associated factors in a sexual health clinic

Antecedentes y objetivo El SARS-CoV-2 se transmite con más facilidad por cercanía física, inherente a las relaciones sexuales, lo que ha hecho plantearse que pueda haber una mayor incidencia de COVID-19 en personas con infecciones venéreas o de transmisión sexual (ITS) o en riesgo de adquirirlas. Por este motivo, buscamos estimar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente a SARS-CoV-2 en personas que acuden a una consulta monográfica de ITS, comparar dicha seroprevalencia con la estimada en nuestra región y estudiar los factores asociados. Material y método Estudio observacional transversal que incluye a pacientes mayores de 18 años aún no vacunados atendidos en una consulta monográfica municipal de ITS para estudio o cribado, incluidos de forma consecutiva de marzo a abril de 2021. Se realizó test serológico rápido para SARS-CoV-2 y se recogieron variables demográficas, sociales y sexuales, diagnósticos de ITS y antecedentes de síntomas compatibles con infección por SARS-CoV-2. Resultados Se incluyó a 512 pacientes, el 37% mujeres. Tuvieron alguna prueba positiva a SARS-CoV-2 124 pacientes (24,2%). Se relacionaron con un resultado positivo: el uso de mascarillas tipo FFP2 (OR 0,50) y el número de parejas sexuales superior a la mediana (OR 1,80). El uso de mascarillas FFP2 no se distribuyó de manera aleatoria en la muestra. Conclusiones La población sexualmente activa ha tenido pruebas positivas a SARS-CoV-2 con más frecuencia que la población general. La principal vía de contagio en este grupo parece ser la vía respiratoria, por lo que la transmisión sexual es probablemente limitada y está relacionada con la proximidad que implican las relaciones sexuales (AU)

Background and objective SARS-CoV-2 is more easily spread by close contact, which is inherent to sexual intercourse. People with, or at risk for, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may therefore have higher rates of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to estimate SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in people seen at a dedicated STI clinic, compare our findings to the estimated seroprevalence in the local general population, and study factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in this setting. Material and methods Cross-sectional observational study including consecutive patients older than 18 years of age who had not yet been vaccinated against COVID-19 and who underwent examination or screening at a dedicated municipal STI clinic in March and April 2021. We ordered rapid SARS-CoV-2 serology and collected information on demographic, social, and sexual variables, STI diagnoses, and history of symptoms compatible with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results We studied 512 patients (37% women). Fourteen (24.2%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Variables associated with positivity were use of FFP2 masks (odds ratio 0.50) and a higher-than-average number of sexual partners (odds ratio 1.80). Use of FFP2 masks was not randomly distributed in this sample. Conclusions Sexually active members of the population in this study had a higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population. The main route of infection in this group appears to be respiratory, linked to close contact during sexual encounters; sexual transmission of the virus is probably limited (AU)

[Translated article] SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients With or at Risk for Venereal Infections: Incidence and Associated Factors in a Sexual Health Clinic / Infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con o en riesgo de infecciones venéreas: estudio de su incidencia y factores asociados en un centro monográfico de infecciones de transmisión sexual

Background and objective SARS-CoV-2 is more easily spread by close contact, which is inherent to sexual intercourse. People with, or at risk for, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may therefore have higher rates of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to estimate SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in people seen at a dedicated STI clinic, compare our findings to the estimated seroprevalence in the local general population, and study factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in this setting. Material and methods Cross-sectional observational study including consecutive patients older than 18 years of age who had not yet been vaccinated against COVID-19 and who underwent examination or screening at a dedicated municipal STI clinic in March and April 2021. We ordered rapid SARS-CoV-2 serology and collected information on demographic, social, and sexual variables, STI diagnoses, and history of symptoms compatible with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results We studied 512 patients (37% women). Fourteen (24.2%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Variables associated with positivity were use of FFP2 masks (odds ratio 0.50) and a higher-than-average number of sexual partners (odds ratio 1.80). Use of FFP2 masks was not randomly distributed in this sample. Conclusions Sexually active members of the population in this study had a higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population. The main route of infection in this group appears to be respiratory, linked to close contact during sexual encounters; sexual transmission of the virus is probably limited (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivo El SARS-CoV-2 se transmite con más facilidad por cercanía física, inherente a las relaciones sexuales, lo que ha hecho plantearse que pueda haber una mayor incidencia de COVID-19 en personas con infecciones venéreas o de transmisión sexual (ITS) o en riesgo de adquirirlas. Por este motivo, buscamos estimar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente a SARS-CoV-2 en personas que acuden a una consulta monográfica de ITS, comparar dicha seroprevalencia con la estimada en nuestra región y estudiar los factores asociados. Material y método Estudio observacional transversal que incluye a pacientes mayores de 18 años aún no vacunados atendidos en una consulta monográfica municipal de ITS para estudio o cribado, incluidos de forma consecutiva de marzo a abril de 2021. Se realizó test serológico rápido para SARS-CoV-2 y se recogieron variables demográficas, sociales y sexuales, diagnósticos de ITS y antecedentes de síntomas compatibles con infección por SARS-CoV-2. Resultados Se incluyó a 512 pacientes, el 37% mujeres. Tuvieron alguna prueba positiva a SARS-CoV-2 124 pacientes (24,2%). Se relacionaron con un resultado positivo: el uso de mascarillas tipo FFP2 (OR 0,50) y el número de parejas sexuales superior a la mediana (OR 1,80). El uso de mascarillas FFP2 no se distribuyó de manera aleatoria en la muestra. Conclusiones La población sexualmente activa ha tenido pruebas positivas a SARS-CoV-2 con más frecuencia que la población general. La principal vía de contagio en este grupo parece ser la vía respiratoria, por lo que la transmisión sexual es probablemente limitada y está relacionada con la proximidad que implican las relaciones sexuales (AU)

SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with or at risk for venereal infections: Incidence and associated factors in a sexual health clinic. / Infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con o en riesgo de infecciones venéreas: estudio de su incidencia y factores asociados en un centro monográfico de infecciones de transmisión sexual.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: SARS-CoV-2 is more easily spread by close contact, which is inherent to sexual intercourse. People with, or at risk for, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may therefore have higher rates of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to estimate SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in people seen at a dedicated STI clinic, compare our findings to the estimated seroprevalence in the local general population, and study factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in this setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study including consecutive patients older than 18 years of age who had not yet been vaccinated against COVID-19 and who underwent examination or screening at a dedicated municipal STI clinic in March and April 2021. We ordered rapid SARS-CoV-2 serology and collected information on demographic, social, and sexual variables, STI diagnoses, and history of symptoms compatible with SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: We studied 512 patients (37% women). Fourteen (24.2%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Variables associated with positivity were use of FFP2 masks (odds ratio 0.50) and a higher-than-average number of sexual partners (odds ratio 1.80). Use of FFP2 masks was not randomly distributed in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: Sexually active members of the population in this study had a higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population. The main route of infection in this group appears to be respiratory, linked to close contact during sexual encounters; sexual transmission of the virus is probably limited.

Validación de un cuestionario sobre conocimientos y habilidades en lactancia materna / Development And Validation Of A Breastfeeding Knowledge And Skills Questionnaire

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los pediatras desempeñan un papel fundamental en el establecimiento y mantenimiento de la lactancia. Aun conociendo su carencia de formación en este campo, no se dispone actualmente de herramientas validadas para documentarla. OBJETIVO: Crear y validar un cuestionario sobre conocimientos y habilidades en lactancia para pediatras. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se definen las áreas de conocimiento, escogiéndose una muestra representativa de estas. Se realiza una prueba piloto y se eliminan las preguntas no discriminantes. La validez de contenido se establece por 14 expertos en lactancia, obtienéndose 22 ítems puntuables (26 puntos máximos). Para aproximarse a la validez de criterio, se hipotetizó que un grupo de pediatras con especial interés en lactancia (1) obtendría mejores resultados que pediatras (2) de un hospital sin maternidad y estos que los residentes (3) de pediatría del mismo hospital. También se analizaron las notas antes y después de un curso básico en lactancia. RESULTADOS: Los jueces tienen un índice de acuerdos > 0,90 para cada ítem. Se comparan los 3 grupos (n = 82), hallando diferencias entre el grupo con interés en lactancia y el resto; y se observa mejoría de la puntuación en los alumnos del curso (n = 31), especialmente en aquellos que partían de peores conocimientos. Respecto de la fiabilidad se examinan la consistencia interna (Kuder-Richardson 20 = 0,87), concordancia interobservadores y estabilidad temporal, con resultados satisfactorios. CONCLUSIONES: Se ofrece una herramienta para evaluar el conocimiento de los pediatras en lactancia, de la que se documentan validez y fiabilidad, adaptada a nuestro contexto, breve y autoadministrable en papel u online

INTRODUCTION: Pediatricians play a key role in the onset and duration of breastfeeding. Although it is known that they lack formal education on this subject, there are currently no validated tools available to assess pediatrician knowledge regarding breastfeeding. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a Breastfeeding Knowledge and Skills Questionnaire for Pediatricians. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Once the knowledge areas were defined, a representative sample of pediatricians was chosen to carry out the survey. After pilot testing, non-discriminating questions were removed. Content validity was assessed by 14 breastfeeding experts, who examined the test, yielding 22 scorable items (maximum score: 26 points). To approach criterion validity, it was hypothesized that a group of pediatricians with a special interest in breastfeeding (1) would obtain better results than pediatricians from a hospital without a maternity ward (2), and the latter would obtain a higher score than the medical residents of Pediatrics training in the same hospital (3). The questionnaire was also evaluated before and after a basic course in breastfeeding. RESULTS: Breastfeeding experts have an index of agreement of >.90 for each item. The 3 groups (n = 82) were compared, finding significant differences between group (1) and the rest. Moreover, an improvement was observed in the participants who attended the breastfeeding course (n = 31), especially among those with less initial knowledge. Regarding reliability, internal consistency (KR-20 = .87), interobserver agreement, and temporal stability were examined, with satisfactory results. CONCLUSIONS: A practical and self-administered tool is presented to assess pediatrician knowledge regarding breastfeeding, with a documented validity and reliability

[Development And Validation Of A Breastfeeding Knowledge And Skills Questionnaire]. / Validación de un cuestionario sobre conocimientos y habilidades en lactancia materna.

INTRODUCTION: Pediatricians play a key role in the onset and duration of breastfeeding. Although it is known that they lack formal education on this subject, there are currently no validated tools available to assess pediatrician knowledge regarding breastfeeding. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a Breastfeeding Knowledge and Skills Questionnaire for Pediatricians. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Once the knowledge areas were defined, a representative sample of pediatricians was chosen to carry out the survey. After pilot testing, non-discriminating questions were removed. Content validity was assessed by 14 breastfeeding experts, who examined the test, yielding 22 scorable items (maximum score: 26 points). To approach criterion validity, it was hypothesized that a group of pediatricians with a special interest in breastfeeding (1) would obtain better results than pediatricians from a hospital without a maternity ward (2), and the latter would obtain a higher score than the medical residents of Pediatrics training in the same hospital (3). The questionnaire was also evaluated before and after a basic course in breastfeeding. RESULTS: Breastfeeding experts have an index of agreement of >.90 for each item. The 3 groups (n=82) were compared, finding significant differences between group (1) and the rest. Moreover, an improvement was observed in the participants who attended the breastfeeding course (n=31), especially among those with less initial knowledge. Regarding reliability, internal consistency (KR-20=.87), interobserver agreement, and temporal stability were examined, with satisfactory results. CONCLUSIONS: A practical and self-administered tool is presented to assess pediatrician knowledge regarding breastfeeding, with a documented validity and reliability.