Hiperplasia em túnicas de artérias coronárias de beijupirás criados em sistema offshore / Hyperplasia in tunics of coronary arteries in beijupirá farmed in offshore system

As lesões coronarianas já foram relatadas em espécies de peixes anádromos, com características semelhantes às observadas em aterosclerose humana, mas não em peixes cultivados sem interferência de padrões reprodutivos. Objetivou-se descrever lesões coronarianas em beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) criado em sistema offshore, em 54 exemplares coletados ao longo do cultivo de oito meses. Amostras de tecido cardíaco de alevinos e juvenis foram submetidas à análise histopatológica e à microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), para visualização de lesões coronarianas, sendo as lâminas histológicas coradas pela técnica de hematoxilina-eosina, ácido periódico de Schiff, alcian blue e reticulina de Gomori. Exames realizados pela fotomicroscopia de luz evidenciaram lesões arteriais caracterizadas por hiperplasia das túnicas íntima e média de artérias coronárias em, respectivamente, 29,63% e 79,63% dos animais, com redução do lúmen arterial. Na MET, foram observadas alterações na estrutura das coronárias com espessamento do endotélio e membrana basal, proliferação de fibroblastos e fibras colágenas, com acúmulo de material lipídico subendotelial, resíduos celulares aderidos à membrana basal e vesículas pinocitóticas com presença de lisossomos isolados. Constatou-se que os peixes da espécie Rachycentron canadum criados em cativeiro desenvolvem lesão arterial do tipo crônica degenerativa inflamatória.

The coronary lesions have been reported in species of anadromous fish with similar characteristics as those observed in human atherosclerosis, but not in farmed fish without interference of reproductive patterns. This study aimed to describe coronary lesions in beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) farmed in an offshore system, in 54 specimens collected along an eight month cultivation period. Samples of heart tissue of fry and juveniles were subjected to histopathological analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for visualization of coronary lesions, the histology slides were stained using hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid Schiffh, alcian blue, and reticulin of Gomori. Examinations performed by light microscopy showed arterial lesions characterized by hyperplasia of the intima and media tunics, respectively in 29.63% and 79.63 % of the animals, with reduced lumen. In TEM changes in the structure of the coronary endothelium and thickening of the basement membrane, proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, with subendothelial accumulation of lipid material, cellular debris adhering to the basement membrane and presence of pinocytotics vesicles and isolated lysosomes were observed. It has been found that the Rachycentron canadum fish species farmed in captivity develop arterial lesion of the chronic inflammatory degenerative type.

Factors that determine the quality of bigeye tuna, caught in the western tropical Atlantic Ocean / Fatores que determinam a qualidade da albacora-bandolim, capturada no Oceano Atlântico oeste tropical

Tuna are highly prized in Oriental cuisine, and the bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) is of great commercial importance. Quality is assessed by the tuna meat quality, freshness, texture and fat, which can be altered by factors inherent to capture, such as days of onboard storage, months of the year, whether the catch was living or dead, fish weight and year. These factors were correlated to identify those that affect quality. We obtained data from nine vessels, from January 2007 to April 2010, creating an information bank of 21,908 bigeye tuna. Fish quality and parameters were related using multiple linear regression analysis, in which the variables were included in the model by a stepwise procedure (F>4). We found that live catch, heavier fish and fewer days of storage positively affected the quality, and that there is a seasonality of quality related to biological factors, which are not amenable to control...

Os atuns são peixes muito apreciados na culinária oriental, e a albacora-bandolim (Thunnus obesus) é de grande importância comercial. A qualidade do atum é avaliada pela qualidade da carne, frescor, textura e gordura, a qual pode ser alterada por fatores inerentes à captura, tais como: dias de armazenamento a bordo, meses do ano, capturado vivo ou morto, peso e ano. Esses fatores foram correlacionados para se identificarem aqueles que afetam a qualidade da carne. Foram obtidos dados de nove embarcações, de janeiro de 2007 a abril de 2010, e criou-se um banco de informações de 21.908 atuns. A qualidade do pescado e os parâmetros foram relacionados utilizando-se análise de regressão linear múltipla, em que as variáveis foram incluídas no modelo de stepwise (F> 4). Descobriu-se que captura do animal vivo, peixe mais pesado e menos dias de armazenamento afetaram positivamente a qualidade da carne e que há uma sazonalidade da qualidade relacionada a fatores biológicos que não são passíveis de controle...

Coliform accumulation in Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) (Cirripedia) and its use as an organic pollution bioindicator in the estuarine area of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.

Samples of water and barnacles Amphibalanus amphitrite were collected from Recife, Brazil, to assess if it accumulates total (TC) and thermotolerant coliforms (TTC) related with sewage pollution. The Most Probable Number (MPN) values and the standard procedures for examination of shellfish were used. Comparatively with the water samples, the highest coliform values came from the barnacles, with TC values ranging from < 3.0 x 10(3) to > 2.4 x 10(6) MPN.g-1, and TTC ranging from > 2.4 x 10(3) to 2.9 x 10(5) MPN.g-1. Barnacles accumulate the TC Ewingella americana, and the TTC Escherichia coli, Enterobacter gergoviae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterobacter sakazakii. The results provided an indication of the level of organic contamination at the sampling locations and that this species could be a good organic pollution bioindicator.

Comparative bronchial vasoconstrictive efficacy of inhaled glucocorticosteroids.

The vasoconstrictive efficacies of glucocorticosteroids (GS) are usually compared by the McKenzie skin-blanching test and taken as an index of relative potency. The rationale for the present study was to transpose the McKenzie test to the airway and to compare the airway vascular effects of three inhaled GS: beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), fluticasone propionate (FP) and budesonide (BUD), in healthy subjects and patients with mild stable asthma. A soluble, inert gas-uptake method was used to measure airway blood flow (Qaw). Baseline mean+/-SD Qaw normalised for anatomical dead space was 53.1+/-1.4 microL x min(-1) x mL(-1) in healthy subjects (n=10) and 67.8+/-3 microL x min(-1) x mL(-1) in asthmatics (n=10). All GS caused a transient decrease in Qaw. The magnitude of the vasoconstriction was greater in asthmatics. The relative vasoconstrictive effect of BDP, FP and BUD was 1, 1.9, and 2.7, respectively, in asthmatics and 1, 3.3 and 3.0, respectively, in healthy subjects, as assessed by the dose required to decrease Qaw by 20%, from the baseline, 30-min postdrug inhalation. Therefore, measuring airway blood flow may be a useful, site-specific parameter to assess the tissue bioavailability and vasoconstrictive efficacy of inhaled glucocorticosteroids.

International approaches to the prescription of long-term oxygen therapy.

While there is broad agreement about who should receive long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT), there is little information available on how clinicians should decide on the oxygen prescription itself, at rest, during sleep and during exercise. The authors describe the results of an international survey that was undertaken to compare how respirologists prescribed oxygen. A questionnaire was sent to 100 respirologists in each of seven countries. The questionnaire identified whether resting flow rates were derived in a standard manner or by individualized patient testing. Test targets were ascertained for rest, exercise and sleep, as was the percentage of time that each test target had to reach for the test to be accepted. The majority of respondents individualized the oxygen prescription at rest (81%). Resting arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) was most commonly targeted at 90-91%. The approach to night prescription varied (p<0.001). Respirologists in Canada and the USA increased the resting Sa,O2 by 1-2 L x min(-1) during sleep, while those in Spain used the resting (awake) flow for the night prescription (62%). Respirologists in the Netherlands, France, and Italy individualized the night prescription more frequently. Although oxygen during exercise was individualized in most countries (74%), significant differences remained among countries (p<0.001). The majority of respirologists (62%) aimed to achieve an Sa,O2 of 90-91% during exercise, while 70% of all respirologists tried to achieve the desired Sa,O2 for 90% of the test. There were substantial differences among countries as to how the oxygen prescription was written. This survey highlights the need for multicentre studies that improve the effectiveness of long-term oxygen therapy utilization.

Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. e coliformes em queijos de "coalho" comercializados em Recife / Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp and coliformes in coagulum's cheeses marketed in the city of Recife

Avaliou-se a qualidade bacteriológica de 105 amostras de queijos de "coalho" comercializados no Recife, procedentes de 15 municípios pernambucanos, denominados de A a P, no tocante a Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus aureus e coliformes. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a maioria dos queijos comercializados em Recife näo se encontram aptos para o consumo, sendo os produzidos no município A os mais contaminados por Staphylococcus aureus, com aproximadamente 90 por cento das amostras se apresentando fora do padräo. As amostras provenientes do município C também apresentaram elevadas contagens de Stapylococcus aureus, com índices superiores ao limite máximo permitido de 1.000 ufc/g, além de serem os mais contaminados por Salmonella sp. Todas as amostras apresentaram elevadas cargas de coliformes, tanto totais como fecais, estando apenas os produzidos no município A com menor contaminaçäo. De uma maneira geral, a maioria dos queijos coalhos comercializados no Recife se encontram inadequados para o consumo humano, sendo o hábito alimentar um ponto de fundamental importância na saúde pública, visto que geralmente é consumido de forma crua.

Alteracoes da uricemia e da uricosuria induzidas por pirazinamida. Relacoes com comprometimento articular. / Changes of urecemia and uricosuria induced by pyrazinamide. Relations with joint involvement

As manifestacoes articulares e as concentracoes sericas e na urina de 24 horas do acido urico foram estudadas em quarenta pacientes com tuberculose e em tratamento com pirazinamida. Cinco pacientes apresentaram manifestacoes articulares e nao apresentaram diferencas significativas com os demais em relacao a idade, uricemia e diminuicao significativa da uricosuria diurna na fase de tratamento com pirazinamida foram observados em todos os pacientes - a uricosuria noturna nao se alterou significativamente.Nos periodos pre e pos-tratamento. Questionamos se do ponto de vista etico e justificada a utilizacao rotineira de uma droga que altera a eliminacao do acido urico em todos os pacientes, pois existem medicacoes alternativas com efeito terapeutico equivalente e com menores efeitos colaterais