Tumor-specific targeting of polymer drug delivery systems with recombinant proteins bound via tris(nitrilotriacetic acid).

Antibody-mediated targeting is an efficient strategy to enhance the specificity and selectivity of polymer nanomedicines towards the target site, typically a tumor. However, direct covalent coupling of an antibody with a polymer usually results in a partial damage of the antibody binding site accompanied with a compromised biological activity. Here, an original solution based on well-defined non-covalent interactions between tris-nitrilotriacetic acid (trisNTA) and hexahistidine (His-tag) groups, purposefully introduced to the structure of each macromolecule, is described. Specifically, trisNTA groups were attached along the chains of a hydrophilic statistical copolymer based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA), and at the end or along the chains of thermo-responsive di-block copolymers based on N-isopropylmethacrylamide (NIPMAM) and HPMA; His-tag was incorporated to the structure of a recombinant single chain fragment of an anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (scFv-GD2). Static and dynamic light scattering analyses confirmed that mixing of polymer with scFv-GD2 led to the formation of polymer/scFv-GD2 complexes; those prepared from thermo-responsive polymers formed stable micelles at 37 °C. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy clearly demonstrated antigen-specific binding of the prepared complexes to GD2 positive murine T-cell lymphoma cells EL-4 and human neuroblastoma cells UKF-NB3, while no interaction with GD2 negative murine fibroblast cells NIH-3T3 was observed. These non-covalent polymer protein complexes represent a new generation of highly specific actively targeted polymer therapeutics or diagnostics.

Reshaping the research landscape in Brazil.

Brazil would benefit from a long-term strategy for science and innovation that improves the standing of both science and scientists in the country.

Potential risk sites and their relationship with dengue cases, Campinas municipality, Southeast Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Among the main activities of dengue and vector control recommended by the Ministry of Health of Brazil is the inspection and monitoring of properties identified as Strategic Points (SPs) and Special Buildings (SBs). SPs are properties associated to hazard, where there is a concentration of suitable egg-laying containers for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, while SBs have greater importance for human exposure to the dengue virus. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of characteristics of the urban landscape on dengue incidence. Specifically, we tested if SPs and SBs affect dengue case distribution in Campinas, and if they do, if they affect the risk differently. We considered the period from 2013 to 2016. METHODS: We tested whether dengue cases were more numerous than expected in the vicinity of SPs and SBs, putative sources of risk, using the Negative Binomial models. We also tested the existence of a gradient in incidence with increasing distance to SPs and SBs by using Stone's test. RESULTS: The Rate Ratios (RR) values were always higher closer to the SPs and SBs, and these values tended to decrease as distance from these sources increased. In general, RR values greater than one, which indicates a higher risk, were associated to the closest buffers from the SPs/SBs properties, until nearly 550 meters for the SPs and 650 meters for the SBs. Stone's test results indicated that for all years considered, there was a correlation between the distance from the SPs/SBs and dengue cases occurrences, except for SBs from 2016. For SPs the relationship is stronger than for SBs. DISCUSSION: Results are coherent with other studies which found that these properties contribute to an increased risk of dengue transmission. We emphasize the importance of public agents' survey work and the importance to keep and improve the inspections in SPs/SBs recorded in Campinas.

LACTB exerts tumor suppressor properties in epithelial ovarian cancer through regulation of Slug.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular mechanism used by cancer cells to acquire migratory and stemness properties. In this study, we show, through in vitro, in vivo, and 3D culture experiments, that the mitochondrial protein LACTB manifests tumor suppressor properties in ovarian cancer. We show that LACTB is significantly down-regulated in epithelial ovarian cancer cells and clinical tissues. Re-expression of LACTB negatively effects the growth of cancer cells but not of non-tumorigenic cells. Mechanistically, we show that LACTB leads to differentiation of ovarian cancer cells and loss of their stemness properties, which is achieved through the inhibition of the EMT program and the LACTB-dependent down-regulation of Snail2/Slug transcription factor. This study uncovers a novel role of LACTB in ovarian cancer and proposes new ways of counteracting the oncogenic EMT program in this model system.

LACTB induces cancer cell death through the activation of the intrinsic caspase-independent pathway in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: LACTB was recently identified as a mitochondrial tumour suppressor that negatively affects cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell death and/or differentiation, depending on the cell type and tissue. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the LACTB-induced cancer cell death is largely unknown. METHODS: We used cell-based, either in 2D or 3D conditions, and in vivo experiments to understand the LACTB mechanisms. In this regard, protein array followed by an enrichment analysis, cell proliferation assays using different compounds, western blot analysis, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were performed. Differences between quantitative variables following normal distribution were valuated using Student t test for paired or no-paired samples according to the experiment. For in vivo experiments differences in tumour growth were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA. RESULTS: We show, that LACTB expression leads to cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and increase of DNA oxidation that leads to activation of intrinsic caspase-independent cell death pathway. This is achieved by an increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species since early time points of LACTB induction. CONCLUSION: Our work provides a deeper mechanistic insight into LACTB-mediated cancer-cell death and shows the dynamics of the cellular responses a particular tumor suppressive stimulus might evoke under different genetic landscapes.

Induction of Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Beagle Dogs Using Alloxan and Streptozotocin.

This article describes a protocol for chemically inducing type I diabetes mellitus in beagle dogs using a mixture of alloxan (ALX) and streptozotocin (STZ). ALX and STZ are both cytotoxic, diabetogenic agents that cause necrosis of pancreatic ß-cells and therefore halt the production of insulin. Although both compounds are widely used in experimental animal models of diabetes, standard protocols employing a single high dose of either agent are also implicated in adjacent organ damage. In contrast, combined administration of ALX and STZ allows for the use of lower doses, a method that effectively destroys ß-cells and circumvents unwanted adverse effects. The procedures described in this protocol produce persistent, insulin-dependent hyperglycemia in beagle dogs using combined doses of ALX and STZ lower than those previously described for a single intravenous administration. This model can be used to test experimental compounds indicated for the treatment of diabetes. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Induction of type I diabetes mellitus in beagle dogs using alloxan and streptozotocin.

Sphingolipids and DHA Improve Cognitive Deficits in Aged Beagle Dogs.

Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a disorder found in senior dogs that is typically defined by the development of specific behavioral signs which are attributed to pathological brain aging and no other medical causes. One way of objectively characterizing CDS is with the use of validated neuropsychological test batteries in aged Beagle dogs, which are a natural model of this condition. This study used a series of neuropsychological tests to evaluate the effectiveness of supplementation with a novel lipid extract containing porcine brain-derived sphingolipids (Biosfeen®) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for attenuating cognitive deficits in aged Beagles. Two groups (n = 12), balanced for baseline cognitive test performance, received a daily oral dose of either test supplement, or placebo over a 6-month treatment phase. Cognitive function was evaluated using the following tasks: delayed non-matching to position (DNMP), selective attention, discrimination learning retention, discrimination reversal learning, and spatial discrimination acquisition and reversal learning. The effect of the supplement on brain metabolism using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was also examined. A significant decline (p = 0.02) in DNMP performance was seen in placebo-treated dogs, but not in dogs receiving the supplement, suggesting attenuation of working memory performance decline. Compared to placebo, the supplemented group also demonstrated significantly improved (p = 0.01) performance on the most difficult pattern of the spatial discrimination task and on reversal learning of the same pattern (p = 0.01), potentially reflecting improved spatial recognition and executive function, respectively. MRS revealed a significant increase (p = 0.048) in frontal lobe glutamate and glutamine in the treatment group compared to placebo, indicating a physiological change which may be attributed to the supplement. Decreased levels of glutamate and glutamine have been correlated with cognitive decline, suggesting the observed increase in these metabolites might be linked to the positive cognitive effects found in the present study. Results of this study suggest the novel lipid extract may be beneficial for counteracting age-dependent deficits in Beagle dogs and supports further investigation into its use for treatment of CDS. Additionally, due to parallels between canine and human aging, these results might also have applicability for the use of the supplement in human cognitive health.

Physical inactivity and high sedentary behavior are associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist in elderly / Inatividade física e elevado comportamento sedentário estão associados à cintura hipertrigliceridêmica em idosos

During aging, an increase in sedentary behaviour and a decrease in physical activity levels are observed. These factors may increase abdominal adiposity and triglyceride levels, which characterizes the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype, providing a high risk for cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to analyze the association between hypertriglyceridemic waist, physical activity level and sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling elderly. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out, involving 316 elderlies (≥ 60 years) of both genders. The hypertriglyceridemic waist was diagnosed using high triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dl) and increased waist circumference ≥ 88 and ≥ 102 cm values for women and men, respectively. The physical activity level and sedentary behaviour were evaluated using the IPAQ. The study included 173 women (54.7%) and 143 men (45.3%), with a mean age of 74.2 ± 9.8 years. The prevalence of HW was 27.1%, 47.7% insufficiently active and 24.1% high sedentary behaviour. The insufficiently active elderly (OR= 2.48; 95% CI: 1.31 - 4.71; p= 0.005) and with high sedentary behaviour (OR= 2.21; 95% CI: 1.04 - 4.32; p= 0.038) were associated positively with HW, indicating that elderly with insufficient physical activity levels and high sedentary behaviour showed themselves to approximately 2.5 and 2.2 times more likely to develop HW, respectively. Low physical activity level and high sedentary behaviour are associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist in community-dwelling elderly.(AU)

Durante o envelhecimento, observa-se aumento do comportamento sedentário e diminuições dos níveis de atividade física. Esses fatore podem aumentar a adiposidade abdominal e os níveis de triglicerídeos, o que caracteriza o fenótipo cintura hipertrigliceridêmica (CH), proporcionando um elevado risco para doenças cardiometabólicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre cintura hiper- trigliceridêmica, nível de atividade física e comportamento sedentário em idosos. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, com delineamento transversal, de base populacional e domiciliar, realizado com 316 idosos (≥ 60 anos) de ambos os sexos. A cintura hipertrigliceridêmica foi definida a partir dos triglicérideos elevados (≥ 150 mg/dl) e circunferência da cintura alterada (≥ 88 cm para mulheres e ≥ 102 cm para homens). O nível de atividade física e o comportamento sedentário foram avaliados por meio do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ). Participaram do estudo 173 mulheres (54,7%) e 143 homens (45,3%) com idade média de 74,2 ± 9,8 anos. A prevalência de CH foi 27,1%, 47,7% eram insuficientemente ativos e 24,1% tinham elevado comportamento sedentário. Os idosos insuficientemente ativos (OR= 2,48; IC95%:1,31 - 4,71; p= 0,005) e com elevado comportamento sedentário (OR= 2,21; IC95%:1,04 - 4,32; p= 0,038) foram positivamente associados à CH, indicando que os idosos com níveis de atividade física insuficientes e com elevado comportamento sedentário apresentaram, aproximadamente, 2,5 e 2,2 vezes mais chances de desenvolverem a CH, respectivamente. A inatividade física e o elevado comportamento sedentário estiveram associados à CH em idosos residentes em comunidade.(AU)

Blocking IL-10 signaling with soluble IL-10 receptor restores in vitro specific lymphoproliferative response in dogs with leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum.

rIL-10 plays a major role in restricting exaggerated inflammatory and immune responses, thus preventing tissue damage. However, the restriction of inflammatory and immune responses by IL-10 can also favor the development and/or persistence of chronic infections or neoplasms. Dogs that succumb to canine leishmaniasis (CanL) caused by L. infantum develop exhaustion of T lymphocytes and are unable to mount appropriate cellular immune responses to control the infection. These animals fail to mount specific lymphoproliferative responses and produce interferon gamma and TNF-alpha that would activate macrophages and promote destruction of intracellular parasites. Blocking IL-10 signaling may contribute to the treatment of CanL. In order to obtain a tool for this blockage, the present work endeavored to identify the canine casIL-10R1 amino acid sequence, generate a recombinant baculovirus chromosome encoding this molecule, which was expressed in insect cells and subsequently purified to obtain rcasIL-10R1. In addition, rcasIL-10R1 was able to bind to homologous IL-10 and block IL-10 signaling pathway, as well as to promote lymphoproliferation in dogs with leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum.

Effects of IGF-1 on Proliferation, Angiogenesis, Tumor Stem Cell Populations and Activation of AKT and Hedgehog Pathways in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

(1) Background: Activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway controls most hallmarks of cancer, and the hedgehog (HH) pathway has been associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and progression. We hypothesized that fibroblast-derived insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) acts in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, leading to the non-canonical activation of the HH pathway, maintaining AKT activity and promoting tumor aggressiveness. (2) Methods: Primary fibroblasts (MF1) were genetically engineered for IGF-1 overexpression (MF1-IGF1) and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated IGF1R silencing was performed in SCC-4 cells. SCC-4 cells were co-cultured with fibroblasts or incubated with fibroblast conditioned medium (CM) or rIGF-1 for functional assays and the evaluation of AKT and HH pathways. (3) Results: Gene expression analysis confirmed IGF-1 overexpression in MF1-IGF1 and the absence of IGF-1 expression in SCC-4, while elevated IGF1R expression was detected. IGF1R silencing was associated with decreased survival of SCC-4 cells. Ihh was expressed in both MF1 and MF1-IGF1, and increased levels of GLI1 mRNA were observed in SCC-4 after stimulation with CM-MF1. Activation of both PI3K-AKT and the HH pathway (GLI1, Ihh and SMO) were identified in SCC-4 cells cultured in the presence of MF1-IGF1-CM. rIGF-1 promoted tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumorsphere formation, whereas CM-MF1 significantly stimulated angiogenesis. (4) Conclusions: IGF-1 exerts pro-tumorigenic effects by stimulating SCC-4 cell proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness. AKT and HH pathways were activated by IGF-1 in SCC-4, reinforcing its influence on the regulation of these signaling pathways.

ABORDAGEM DAS TEMÁTICAS "SAÚDE BUCAL DE GESTANTES E BEBÊS" E "SAÚDE DO HOMEM" EM SALAS DE ESPERA: SIGNIFICÂNCIAS POLÍTICO-PEDAGÓGICAS DAS EXPERIMENTAÇÕES VIVENCIADAS EM UM ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO / APPROACH TO THEMES "BUCAL HEALTH OF GESTANTS AND BABIES" AND "MAN'S HEALTH" IN WAITING ROOMS: POLITICAL-PEDAGOGICAL MEANINGS OF THE EXPERIMENTS ENCOURAGED IN A SUPERVISED STAGE

Objetivo: analisar as significâncias político-pedagógicas de duas vivências experimentadas ("Saúde bucal de gestantes e bebês" e "Saúde do homem") por estagiários de um curso de Odontologia em salas de espera de uma Unidade de Atenção Primária de Saúde (UAPS). Metodologia: estudo qualitativo transversalmente estruturado sob estratégia narrativo-descritiva e moldado à técnica argumentativa. Resultados: o "Estágio Supervisionado em Unidade de Atenção Primária I" foi didaticamente sistematizado em dois períodos, "Pré-intervenção" e "Intervenção". Do primeiro, se desvendaram três ações, a "Pactualização do enlace ensino-serviço-comunidade", a "Contextualização dos acadêmicos estagiários" e a "Estruturação e ambientalização das equipes de trabalho". Já o segundo foi guiado pela lógica pedagógica do instrumento "TPC" (Teorizar-Praticar-Criticar), onde todas as ações programadas seguiram a lógica ativa do planejamento estratégico, ou seja, contextualizadas às realidades do cenário de prática, ou seja, salas de espera da Unidade de Atenção Primária de Saúde do bairro JK do município de Governador Valadares, MG. Conclusão: das experimentações vivenciadas algumas inferências merecem destaque: a concepção pedagógica de estratégias práticas de ensino pautadas na articulação ensino-serviço-comunidade; a escuta na identificação dos problemas/demandas a serem enfrentadas pela equipe estagiária; o reconhecimento do potencial dos ambientes de espera para a implantação de ações educativas; a importância de disseminar os aprendizados advindos de experimentações práticas de estágios.

Objective: to analyze the political-pedagogical significance of two experienced experiences ("Oral Health of Pregnant Women and Babies" and "Men's Health") by trainees of a Dentistry course in waiting rooms of a Primary Health Care Unit. Methodology: qualitative study transversally structured under a narrative-descriptive strategy and molded to the argumentative technique. Results: The "Supervised Internship in Primary Care Unit I" was systematized in two periods, "Pre-intervention" and "Intervention". From the first, three actions were unveiled, the "Pactualization of the teaching-service-community link", the "Contextualization of trainee academics" and the "Structuring and environmentalization of work teams". The second one was guided by the pedagogical logic of the instrument "TPC" (Theorizar-Praticar-Criticar), where all the actions programmed followed the active logic of strategic planning, that is, contextualized to the realities of the practice scenario, expects the Primary Health Care Unit of the JK district of the municipality of Governador Valadares, MG. Conclusion: from the weightings listed some inferences deserve to be highlighted: the pedagogical conception of practical teaching strategies based on the teaching-service-community articulation; listening in the identification of problems / demands to be faced by the trainee team; the recognition of the potential of waiting environments for the implementation of educational actions; the importance of disseminating the learning that comes from practical experimentation of internships.

Fatores associados a acidentes de trabalho entre profissionais mototaxistas / Factors associated with accidents at work among motorcycle taxi drivers / Factores asociados a accidentes de trabajo entre profesionales de mototaxis

O número de acidentes de trânsito envolvendo motocicleta é cada vez maior, o que expõe o profissional mototaxista à ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho. O presente estudo tem como objetivo estimar a incidência anual de acidentes de trabalho entre profissionais mototaxistas e os fatores associados a estes agravos segundo características sociodemográficas, características profissionais, condições de trabalho e presença de sintomas osteomusculares. Trata-se de estudo transversal de caráter analítico com amostra composta por 123 mototaxistas cadastrados na Associação de Mototaxistas de Jequié (taxa de resposta 77,8%). Para análise estatística, foi utilizada a técnica de regressão logística, com cálculo das razões de incidência, intervalo de confiança (95%) e nível de significância p ≤ 0,05. A incidência anual de acidentes de trabalho entre mototaxistas foi de 26,8%. Foi observada, ainda, uma incidência expressiva de acidentes entre aqueles que relataram possuir outra atividade remunerada além do serviço de mototáxi (86,7%), com associação estatisticamente significante (p = 0,03). O desempenho de duas profissões parece predispor o mototaxista a maior ocorrência de acidentes com o veículo, sendo considerado um importante problema de saúde pública.

The number of traffic accidents involving motorcycles is increasing, this exposes motorcycle taxi drivers to work accidents. This study aims to estimate the incidence of accidents at work among motorcycle taxi drivers and factors associated with these problems according to sociodemographic characteristics, professional characteristics, working conditions and the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms. It is a cross-sectional study of analytical character with sample composed of 123 registered motorcycle taxi drivers at the Associação de Mototaxistas de Jequié (77.8 response rate). For statistical analysis, we used the logistic regression technique, with calculation of incidence ratio, confidence interval (95%), and p ≤ 0.05 significance level. The annual incidence of work accidents with motorcycle taxi drivers was 26.8%. A significant incidence of accidents was observed among those who reported having another remunerated activity in addition to the taxi service (86.7%), with statistically significant association (p = 0.03). The performance of two professions seem to predispose the motorcycle taxi drivers to more of accidents with the vehicle and is considered an important public health problem.

Se viene aumentando el número de accidentes de tráfico con motocicletas, lo que expone al profesional mototaxista a accidentes de trabajo. El presente estudio pretende estimar la incidencia anual de accidentes en el trabajo entre profesionales mototaxistas y los factores asociados a estas enfermedades según las características sociodemográficas, características profesionales, condiciones de trabajo y presencia de síntomas musculoesqueléticos. Este estudio es transversal, de carácter analítico, con una muestra compuesta por 123 mototaxistas registrados en la Associação de Mototaxistas de Jequié (una tasa de respuesta del 77,8%). Para el análisis estadístico, se aplicó la técnica de regresión logística, con cálculo de razones de incidencias, intervalo de confianza (95%) y nivel de significación p ≤ 0,05. La incidencia de accidentes fue de un 26,8% en los mototaxistas. Se observó una incidencia significativa de accidentes entre aquellos que reportaron tener otra actividad remunerada, además del servicio de mototaxi (86,7%), con una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,03). Se concluye que el manejo de dos profesiones puede predisponer al profesional a una mayor ocurrencia de accidentes con el vehículo y se considera un importante problema de salud pública.

Saúde da Mulher

Curso autoinstrucional, composto por 3 unidades cujo objetivo é capacitar profissionais do SUS no âmbito da atenção básica para a assistência integral à saúde da mulher. Para isso, busca-se promover a compreensão sobre a figura da mulher no contexto histórico brasileiro, identificando as competências dos profissionais da APS na saúde dessa população, analisando a assistência médica e planejando ações para a implementação do planejamento reprodutivo. Este recurso educacional integra o conjunto de objetos sobre Atenção Básica ofertados pela UNA-SUS/UFMA

Atenção no pré-natal de baixo risco e o puerpério

Aborda as ações desenvolvidas durante o pré-natal e após o nascimento. A atenção ao pré-natal pode ser considerada uma das atividades mais importantes de tantas outras realizadas pela equipe de Saúde da Família. Um bom acompanhamento da gestante resulta na melhoria direta de indicadores de saúde como mortalidade materna e infantil. Este recurso educacional compõe o módulo Saúde da Mulher do curso de Especialização em Atenção Básica, ofertado pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Além deste, há mais 2 e-books tratando sobre a saúde da mulher que fornecem conteúdos interessantes para a formação dos profissionais da saúde que atuam ou que pretendem atuar na Atenção Básica (AB).

Análise dos acórdãos proferidos pelo TJDFT sobre medicamentos / Analysis of judgments delivered by TJDFT on unregistered medicines / Análisis de sentencias dictadas por TJDFT sobre los medicamentos no registrados en la ANVISA

O presente artigo tem como tema geral a análise sobre a concessão de medicamentos sem registro nacional, pelo TJDFT, nos anos 2013-2015. Apresenta, de forma sistematizada, os argumentos das decisões e a respectiva utilização dos fundamentos da suspensão de tutela antecipada (STA) 175 do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) e dos enunciados do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), por qualquer das partes envolvidas no processo, a partir de descrição analítica dos dados qualiquantitativos. Apurou-se, dos acórdãos pesquisados, que os fundamentos da decisão STA 175 e dos enunciados serviram de fundamento para a concessão do medicamento sem registro nacional em benefício do usuário, mesmo não havendo comprovação nacional acerca de sua eficácia e segurança ­ o que ocorreu em 62% dos acórdãos estudados.

This article is general theme analysis on the provision of medicines no national registry at TJDFT in the years 2013-2015. Has so systematized the arguments of decisions and their use of the foundations of the preliminary injunction suspension (STA) 175 the Supreme Court (STF) and the utterances of the National Council of Justice (CNJ) by either party to the process, from analytical description of qualiquantitativos data. It was found of respondent's judgments, the grounds for the decision STA 175 and statements provided the basis for granting the medicine without national registry on behalf of the user, even without national evidence about their effectiveness and safety - which occurred in 62 % of the studied cases.

Este artículo es el análisis de temática general en el suministro de medicamentos sin registro nacional TJDFT en los años 2013-2015. Ha de manera sistematizada los argumentos de las decisiones y el uso de las bases de la suspensión judicial preliminar (STA) 175 la Corte Suprema (STF) y las declaraciones del Consejo Nacional de Justicia (CNJ), por cualquiera de las partes en el proceso, de la descripción analítica de los datos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Se encontró de encuestados juicios, los motivos de la decisión STA 175 y declaraciones servido de base para la concesión de la medicina sin registro nacional en nombre del usuario, incluso sin pruebas nacionales acerca de su efectividad y seguridad - que se produjo en el 62 % de los casos estudiados.

Force decay of latex and non-latex intermaxillary elastics: a clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate force decay between intermaxillary orthodontic elastics with and without latex in the oral medium at different time intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intermaxillary orthodontic elastics with and without latex [1/8″ (3.2mm), 1/4″ (6.35mm), and 5/16″ (7.94mm) in diameter] were evaluated 'clinically'. For this purpose, 26 patients served as hosts for the elastics during the evaluation period. Initially, 52 thermoplasticized plates 1mm thick were made according to the patients' mould. Then, the orthodontic accessories were bonded to the plates, which kept the elastics distended throughout the experimental period. The force released by the elastics at this distance was evaluated at 0, 12, and 24 hours. Statistical analyses were performed using the Friedman, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney tests (significance set at 5 per cent). RESULTS: Elastics with and without latex presented with permanent deformation and increasing internal diameter throughout the entire period. Elastics with latex, 1/8″ (3.2mm) in diameter, sustained higher levels of force than those without latex. Elastics measuring 1/4″ (6.35mm) and 5/16″ (7.94mm) in diameter without latex sustained higher levels of force at 0 and 12 hours compared to those with latex. At the end of the experiment (24 hours), no significant difference was observed between the elastics (P > 0.05). LIMITATIONS: This study only evaluated three time intervals: 0, 12, and 24 hours. If the behaviour was evaluated at different time intervals, different behaviours of these materials might be revealed. CONCLUSION: Elastics with latex 1/8″ in diameter sustained a higher level of final force than the corresponding type without latex. The 1/4 and 5/16 elastics with and without latex were not different at the end of the evaluation period.

Fatores associados a queixas subjetivas de memória em idosos residentes em áreas rurais / Factors associated with subjective memory complaints in the elderly living in rural areas

Este estudo exploratório tem como objetivo analisar os fatores associados às queixas subjetivas de memória de idosos. O estudo é transversal e analisa a informação de 104 indivíduos. Foram colhidas informações de natureza sociodemográfica, sobre estado de saúde, hábitos de vida, assim como se avaliaram as queixas subjetivas de memória recorrendo ao questionário MAC-Q.

This study aims to analyze the factors associated with subjective memory complaints in the elderly. Cross-sectional study included 104 individuals. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, health status, lifestyle and assessment of subjective memory complaints (MAQ) were evaluated. There was a high prevalence of memory complaints (22.3%).

Produção e avaliação de antígenos recombinantes candidatos a componente de uma avaliação contra leishmaniose visceral canina / Production and testing of candidates recombinant antigen component of an assessment against canine visceral leishmaniasis

Uma vacina efetiva contra a leishmaniose visceral (LV) canina pode contribuir para o controle da doença no homem. Visando o desenvolvimento de uma vacina contra LV canina, antígenos recombinantes de L. infantum foram selecionados em nosso laboratório pelo uso de uma mistura de soros de seres humanos ou cães naturalmente infectados pela L. infantum. Alguns destes antígenos foram testados em diversos protocolos de imunização, incluindo uso de diferentes adjuvantes, em camundongos ou cães. A imunização de camundongos ou cães com um dos antígenos recombinantes (rLci2B) usado isoladamente ou em associação com saponina induziu resposta imune Th2 ou Th1/Th2, respectivamente, não protetoras contra a infecção experimental. Com a determinação da sequência deduzida de aminoácidos notou-se que a maioria dos antígenos selecionados apresenta um segmento com sequência de aminoácidos única (domínio não repetitivo) e segmentos com sequência de aminoácidos com motivos repetitivos (domínios repetitivos).Possivelmente a incapacidade dos antígerecombinantes de induzir uma resposta imune predominantemente Th1, protetora contra a LV, seria por conta da presença de domínios repetitivos, que favorecem a apresentação antigênica por linfócitos B e, consequentemente, estimulam uma resposta imune Th2. Para avaliar o direcionamento da resposta imune pelos dois tipos de domínio, novas construções de DNA foram concebidas de modo a codificar apenas domínio(s) não repetitivo(s) ou domínio(s) não repetitivo(s) e domínios repetitivos.OBJETIVOS: Produzir quatro proteínas recombinantes com domínios não repetitivos (rLci2-NT-CT, rLci3-NT-CT, rLci10-NT e rLci12-NT-CT) e avaliar a capacidade desses polipeptídios de induzir resposta imune celular in vitro em cães assintomáticos inoculados por via dérmica com L. infantum. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas: a)a subclonagem de construções de DNA (Lci3-NT-CT, Lci10-NT e Lci12-NT-CT) em um plasmídeo apropriado para expressão em Escherichia coli, b) a determinação de condições apropriadas para produção das proteínas recombinantes (rLci2-NT-5R-CT, rLci2-NT-CT, rLci3-NT-2R-CT, rLci3-NT-CT, rLci10-NT-2R e rLci10-NT) c) a purificação das proteínas recombinantes por cromatografia de afinidade e d)avaliação da capacidade dos polipeptídios de induzir estimulação de células mononucleares sangue periférico (PBMC) de cães assintomáticos inoculados por via dérmica com L.infantum. RESULTADOS:Três (rLci2-NT-CT, rLci2-NT-5R-CT, rLci3-NT-CT, rLci3-NT-2R-CT, rLci10-NT e rLci10-NT-2R) dos quatro pares de polipeptídios recombinantes foram expressos, produzidos e purificados. Três antígenos recombinantes (rLci2-NT-5R-CT,rLci2-NT-CT e rLci3-NT-2R-CT) promoveram a linfoproliferação in vitro utilizando PBMC de cães assintomáticos inoculados por via dérmica com L. infantum CONCLUSÕES: Três das seis proteínas produzidas induziram a linfoproliferação, sendo a maior linfoproliferação encontrada para PBMC estimulado com a proteína sem domínios repetitivos (rLci2-NT-CT). Avaliações adicionais são necessárias para comprovar a utilidade destas moléculas em formulação de vacina contra leishmaniose visceral canina.

An effective vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) dog can help to control the disease in man. Aiming at development of a vaccine against canine VL, recombinant antigens of L. infantum were selected in our laboratory by using a mixture of sera from humans or dogs naturally infected with L. infantum. Some of these antigens were tested in different immunization protocols, including use of different adjuvants in mice or dogs. The immunization of mice or dogs with a recombinant antigens (rLci2B) used alone or in combination with saponin induced Th2 response or Th1 / Th2, respectively, did not protective against experimental infection. With the determination of the deduced amino acid sequence it was noted that most of the antigens selected segment has a unique amino acid sequence (non-repetitive domain) and segments of amino acid sequence with repetitive motifs (repetitive domains). Possibly the inability of recombinant antigens to induce an immune response predominantly Th1 protective against LV would be due to the presence of repetitive domains that promote antigen presentation by B cells and thus stimulate an immune response Th2. To assess the direction of the immune response by two types of domain, new DNA constructs were designed to encode only the domain (s) not repetitive (s) or domain (s) not repetitive (s) and repetitive fields. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Were performed: a) subcloning DNA constructs (rLci3-NT-CT, rLci10-NT and rLci12-NT-CT) into a suitable plasmid for expression in Escherichia coli, b) determining the appropriate conditions for the production of proteins recombinant (rLci2NT-5R-CT, rLci2-NT-CT, rLci3-NT-2R-CT, rLci3-NT-CT, rLci10-NT-2R and rLci10-NT) c) purification of recombinant proteins by chromatography affinity d) evaluating the ability of polypeptides rLci2-NT-CT, rLci3-NT-CT and rLci10-NT to induce stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy dogs inoculated dermal with L. infantum...

Fatores associados a queixas subjetivas de memória em idosos residentes em áreas rurais / Factors associated with subjective memory complaints in the elderly living in rural areas

Este estudo exploratório tem como objetivo analisar os fatores associados às queixas subjetivas de memória de idosos. O estudo é transversal e analisa a informação de 104 indivíduos. Foram colhidas informações de natureza sociodemográfica, sobre estado de saúde, hábitos de vida, assim como se avaliaram as queixas subjetivas de memória recorrendo ao questionário MAC-Q.9.(AU)

This study aims to analyze the factors associated with subjective memory complaints in the elderly. Cross-sectional study included 104 individuals. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, health status, lifestyle and assessment of subjective memory complaints (MAQ) were evaluated. There was a high prevalence of memory complaints (22.3%). (AU)