RESUMO
Autochthonous Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission in Brazil was first identified in April 2015 in Brazil, with the first ZIKV-associated microcephaly cases detected in October 2015. Despite efforts on understanding ZIKV transmission in Brazil, little is known about the virus epidemiology and genetic diversity in Minas Gerais (MG), the second most populous state in the country. We report molecular and genomic findings from the main public health laboratory in MG. Until January 2020, 26,817 ZIKV suspected infections and 86 congenital syndrome cases were reported in MG state. We tested 8552 ZIKV and microcephaly suspected cases. Ten genomes were generated on-site directly from clinical samples. A total of 1723 confirmed cases were detected in Minas Gerais, with two main epidemic waves; the first and larger epidemic wave peaked in March 2016, with the second smaller wave that peaked in March 2017. Dated molecular clock analysis revealed that multiple introductions occurred in Minas Gerais between 2014 and 2015, suggesting that the virus was circulating unnoticed for at least 16 months before the first confirmed laboratory case that we retrospectively identified in December 2015. Our findings highlight the importance of continued genomic surveillance strategies combined with traditional epidemiology to assist public health laboratories in monitoring and understanding the diversity of circulating arboviruses, which might help attenuate the public health impact of infectious diseases.
Assuntos
Microcefalia/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Zika virus/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Microcefalia/virologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem , Infecção por Zika virus/virologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to analyse morphological and molecular (ITS region) characteristics for eight species of mites in the family Macrochelidae that are present in cattle manure in Brazil. Six of these species were already known in Brazil and, for five of these, both tools (morphology and phylogeny) were concordant regarding all the trees used. The species G. saprophila and M. scutatus were reported in the present study for the first time in Brazil. The data obtained in this study suggest that the molecular analysis corroborated the morphological identification in most species of macrochelids. The results also demonstrate the need to correlate identifications through dichotomous keys, by using phylogenetic studies to better distinguish cryptic species.
Assuntos
Ácaros , Animais , Brasil , Bovinos , Esterco , FilogeniaRESUMO
O conhecimento da fauna de Macrochelidae para a região Neotropical ainda é incipiente. O trabalho de Evans & Browning (1956) foi o ponto de partida da sistemática moderna da família Macrochelidae. Esses autores contribuíram com a primeira revisão dos Macrochelidae de Europa. Evans & Hyatt (1963) recopilaram dados de Berlese e descreveram várias espécies novas do gênero Macrocheles coletadas sobre besouros coprófagos depositados em coleções entomológicas do Museu Britânico de História Natural. Hyatt & Emerson (1988) dividem as espécies deste gênero em dois grupos ecológicos: o primeiro inclui as espécies freqüentemente encontradas em folhedos, musgos, ninhos de pássaros, pequenos mamíferos e outros habitats semelhantes; essas espécies raramente estão associadas a insetos coprófilos; o segundo grupo está constituído pelas espécies que ocorrem em compostos orgânicos, matéria de origem vegetal em decomposição, carniça e habitats semelhantes, os quais geralmente, servem de substrato para a criação de moscas sinantrópicas. As fêmeas desse grupo realizam foresia sobre insetos coprófilos ou necrófilos (besouros e moscas) (Evanns & Hyatt, 1963; Krantz, 1965, 1967). Os machos dessas espécies apresentam um marcado diformismo sexual e são menos abundantes que as fêmeas.
