Comparison of Brazilian High- and Maximum-Containment Laboratories Biosafety and Biosecurity Regulations to Legal Frameworks in the United States and Other Countries: Gaps and Opportunities.

Introduction: Although the United States and other countries have implemented comprehensive legislation, regulations, and policies to support biosafety and biosecurity of high- and maximum-containment laboratories, Brazil's legislation has notable gaps and inconsistencies. Objective: To evaluate the Brazilian approach to ensuring nationwide biosafety and biosecurity oversight and governance of high- and maximum-containment laboratories. Methods: A systematic gap analysis was conducted to compare Brazilian biosafety and biosecurity legislation, regulations, and policies with their international counterparts, with a particular focus on the oversight and governance of high- and maximum-containment laboratories. Results: We found that Brazilian biosafety and biosecurity legislation, regulations, and policies have relevant gaps. Governance and regulatory oversight of Brazil's high- and maximum-containment laboratories are decentralized with variable levels of adherence to commonly accepted global biosafety and biosecurity compliance standards. These findings represent a limitation not only to governance but also to the preparedness to face current and future challenges related to emergent infectious diseases in Brazil. Enhancing the Brazilian legal framework on laboratory biosafety and biosecurity is necessary and urgent. Reviewing the lessons learned and regulations applied in the United States and other international frameworks helped identify potential areas for improving Brazil's ability to inventory and manage its diverse biocontainment laboratory capabilities and assure these valuable resources align with national needs and priorities. Conclusion: The Brazilian government has an opportunity to revise and improve upon a national set of legislation, regulations, and policies for its high- and maximum-containment laboratories, taking advantage of legislation and guidelines published by other countries.

Cardiac Manifestations Associated With Coronavirus Disease: A Case Report

Abstract This study presents a 47-year-old female patient, with a history of diabetes, who contracted SARS-CoV-2 and exhibited cardiovascular complications.

Episodic memory training in elderly: A systematic review.

Introduction: Episodic memory is a cognitive process that allows the recall of experiences, learning, and the pursuit of future goals. During the aging process, episodic memory declines negatively, impacting social and psychological aspects in the elderly. Such intervention strategies as cognitive training are non-pharmacological ways of reducing these losses. Objective: We systematically reviewed studies of the cognitive training of episodic memory in healthy elderly individuals and elderly individuals with clinical conditions. Method: We systematically searched the PubMed, PsycNET, Web of Science, and SciELO databases using the descriptors "Episodic Memory" AND "Training" AND "Elderly" OR "Aging" OR "Dementia" in English and translated into Portuguese. Results: Of the 572 articles that were identified by the search, 23 were included in the final analysis. The main variables that comprised the intervention protocols (i.e., characteristics of the sample, type of control group, mode of episodic memory training, and duration of training) were investigated, as well as the outcome variables, efficacy, and risk of bias. The main results indicated effectiveness with regard to different forms of the cognitive training of episodic memory. Conclusion: Episodic memory training among the elderly can mitigate the negative effects of cognitive decline in dementia and healthy subjects promoting impacts at social, psychological, and economic levels. Although it is a widely studied topic, further empirical studies on the utility of episodic memory training in healthy elderly individuals and elderly individuals with clinical conditions are still needed.

Moving far from water: unusual dispersal movement of the water opossum (Chironectes minimus: Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in central Brazil / Afastando-se da água: movimento de dispersão incomum da cuica d'água (Chironectes minimus: Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) no Brasil central

Abstract: Unusual movements of an animal can potentially represent a dispersal event. A higher frequency of young males dispersing is a pattern observed for most part of polygynous or promiscuous mammals with these dispersion events occurring, mainly, before or at the beginning of the breeding season. The water opossum (Chironectes minimus), the only marsupial adapted for semi-aquatic life, occurs from Mexico to Argentina and it has been mostly described as a sensitive species to river and riparian vegetation degradation, occurring exclusively near water curses. Here we describe the first record of long-distance movement of a water opossum not associated with riverine vegetation through dry land. We captured a healthy adult male of C. minimus in July 2012 beside of a highway (DF-001) located 1,100 m from nearest gallery forest in the Federal District. The region is characterized by urban and suburban residential, small fragments of typical savanna and degraded gallery forests. Our unique record could be an event of dispersion through degraded dry lands as observed for other semi-aquatic mammals and also suggests that this species is more resistant to anthropogenic disturbances than previously described. Also, information about dispersal patterns of water opossum is scarce and may contributes to a deeper understanding of ecological requirements of this species.

Resumo: Deslocamentos incomuns realizados por um animal podem representar potencialmente um evento de dispersão. Grande parte dos mamíferos poligínicos ou promíscuos, apresentam uma maior frequência de machos jovens dispersando, e esses eventos ocorrem, principalmente, antes ou no início da estação reprodutiva. A cuíca d'água (Chironectes minimus), único marsupial adaptado à vida semiaquática, ocorre do México à Argentina. Tem sido descrito principalmente como uma espécie sensível à degradação de cursos d'água e matas ciliares, ocorrendo exclusivamente próximo aos cursos d'água. Desta forma, descrevemos aqui o primeiro registro do deslocamento de longa distância de uma cuíca d'água não associado à vegetação ribeirinha através de um ambiente seco. Capturamos um macho adulto saudável de C. minimus em julho de 2012 à margem de uma rodovia (DF-001) localizada a 1.100 m da mata de galeria mais próxima no Distrito Federal. A região é caracterizada por residências urbanas e suburbanas, pequenos fragmentos de cerrado sentido restrito e matas de galeria degradadas. Nosso registro singular pode ser um evento de dispersão através de ambientes secos antropizados, conforme observado para outros mamíferos semiaquáticos, o que, também, sugere que esta espécie é mais resistente a distúrbios antropogênicos do que descrito anteriormente. Além disso, as informações sobre os padrões de dispersão da cuíca d'água são escassas e podem contribuir para um entendimento mais profundo dos requisitos ecológicos desta espécie.

Neotropical carnivores: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non‐detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non‐governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peerreviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non‐detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio‐temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other largescale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.

Eu não posso respirar: asfixiados pelocoronavírus e pelo Estado racializado / I cannot breathe: asphyxiated by coronavirus and the racialized state

Conclamamos, aqui, o campo da Saúde Coletiva a aquiescer a necessidadede colocarmos raça como a questão central para se pensar Estado em tempos de pandemia (embora estejamos afinados com a tese da interseccionalidade entre raça,gênero e classe, acreditamos que o racismo é o traço mais definidor e pernicioso do Estado moderno em geral e do Estado brasileiro em particular; daí inclusive, e por razão de espaço, nosso foco exclusivo aqui). Racismo ou antirracismo, eis a questão. No que segue deste comentário ensaístico,faremos uma discussão histórico-conceitual acerca da ideia de Estado racializado e em sua relação com o SUS; na sequência, falaremos da experiência de resistência queo movimento “Nós por Nós”’ vem tendo frente o operar desse Estado racializado no Rio de Janeiro durante a pandemia

The interaction between doctors and nurses in the context of a hospital ward. / A interação entre médicos e enfermeiras em um contexto hospitalar.

This article addresses a fundamental, albeit scarcely discussed, issue in health studies: the relationship between doctors and nurses. We rely on a ethnographic observation and in-depth interviews undertaken in a female ward of a public hospital in order to analyze certain aspects of these relationships, based on hermeneutics and science studies. The empiric observation showed that Doctors organized their practice and clinical decisions on certain abstractions and dialogued in a structured, highly specialized and restricted language. Nurses materialized medical decisions, guided by the prescriptions. They had no room to interfere in clinical decisions, being very busy with their tasks and not dominating the clinical discourse, which is crucial for discussing the decisions. In the context of this study, physicians and nurses maintained a distance established by the theory, technique and values shared by each professional group. Thus, we suggest that knowledge, practices and medical values and nurses were incommensurate with each other, and that this directly affected the health care actions performed in that setting.

Este artigo visa lidar com um assunto fundamental e pouco discutido entre as pessoas que estudam, debatem e experimentam o trabalho em saúde: as relações entre médicos e enfermeiras. Para isso, nos baseamos na experiência etnográfica em uma enfermaria feminina de um hospital público para elaborar algumas reflexões sobre tais relações. Experiência etnográfica que se inspirou na hermenêutica e nos "science studies" e fez uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Tal experiência revelou médicos que organizavam suas práticas e decisões clínicas a partir de abstrações e dialogavam em termos que estruturavam um discurso altamente especializado e restrito. As enfermeiras materializavam as decisões médicas, orientadas a partir das prescrições. Não tinham espaço para interferir nas decisões clínicas por estarem atarefadas no limite do tempo e por não dominarem o discurso clínico, crucial para os debates quanto às decisões. No contexto desta experiência, entre médicos e enfermeiras havia uma distância garantida pela teoria, técnica e valores compartilhados por cada grupo profissional. Assim, sugerimos que os saberes, práticas e valores de médicos e enfermeiras eram incomensuráveis entre si, e que isto afetava diretamente as ações em saúde cotidianas.

The impact of botfly parasitism on the health of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis).

Fragmented habitats generally harbour small populations that are potentially more prone to local extinctions caused by biotic factors such as parasites. We evaluated the effects of botflies (Cuterebra apicalis) on naturally fragmented populations of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis). We examined how sex, food supplementation experiment, season and daily climatic variables affected body condition and haemoglobin concentration in animals that were parasitized or not by botflies. Although parasitism did not affect body condition, haemoglobin concentrations were lower in parasitized animals. Among the non-parasitized individuals, haemoglobin concentration increased with the increase of maximum temperature and the decrease of relative humidity, a climatic pattern found at the peak of the dry season. However, among parasitized animals, the opposite relationship between haemoglobin concentration and relative humidity occurred, as a consequence of parasite-induced anaemia interacting with dehydration as an additional stressor. We conclude that it is critical to assess how climate affects animal health (through blood parameters) to understand the population consequences of parasitism on the survival of individuals and hence of small population viability.

A interação entre médicos e enfermeiras em um contexto hospitalar / The interaction between doctors and nurses in the context of a hospital ward

Resumo Este artigo visa lidar com um assunto fundamental e pouco discutido entre as pessoas que estudam, debatem e experimentam o trabalho em saúde: as relações entre médicos e enfermeiras. Para isso, nos baseamos na experiência etnográfica em uma enfermaria feminina de um hospital público para elaborar algumas reflexões sobre tais relações. Experiência etnográfica que se inspirou na hermenêutica e nos "science studies" e fez uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Tal experiência revelou médicos que organizavam suas práticas e decisões clínicas a partir de abstrações e dialogavam em termos que estruturavam um discurso altamente especializado e restrito. As enfermeiras materializavam as decisões médicas, orientadas a partir das prescrições. Não tinham espaço para interferir nas decisões clínicas por estarem atarefadas no limite do tempo e por não dominarem o discurso clínico, crucial para os debates quanto às decisões. No contexto desta experiência, entre médicos e enfermeiras havia uma distância garantida pela teoria, técnica e valores compartilhados por cada grupo profissional. Assim, sugerimos que os saberes, práticas e valores de médicos e enfermeiras eram incomensuráveis entre si, e que isto afetava diretamente as ações em saúde cotidianas.

Abstract This article addresses a fundamental, albeit scarcely discussed, issue in health studies: the relationship between doctors and nurses. We rely on a ethnographic observation and in-depth interviews undertaken in a female ward of a public hospital in order to analyze certain aspects of these relationships, based on hermeneutics and science studies. The empiric observation showed that Doctors organized their practice and clinical decisions on certain abstractions and dialogued in a structured, highly specialized and restricted language. Nurses materialized medical decisions, guided by the prescriptions. They had no room to interfere in clinical decisions, being very busy with their tasks and not dominating the clinical discourse, which is crucial for discussing the decisions. In the context of this study, physicians and nurses maintained a distance established by the theory, technique and values shared by each professional group. Thus, we suggest that knowledge, practices and medical values and nurses were incommensurate with each other, and that this directly affected the health care actions performed in that setting.

'Sobre o conceito da História' na saúde coletiva / 'On the concept of History' in public health

RESUMO Nesse ensaio, cujo título é inspirado na pequena obra-prima 'Sobre o conceito da História', de Walter Benjamin, narra-se a história da saúde coletiva, em conexão com o ser social brasileiro, por meio de doze teses concatenadas e, concomitantemente, independentes entre si; mais precisamente, dadas as divergências pontuais entre os autores, pode-se dizer que o texto apresenta teses e, por assim dizer, algumas antíteses. Sem deixar de reconhecer a relevância que o campo da saúde coletiva e o Movimento Sanitarista possuem nos rumos da saúde pública e da sociedade brasileira, encadeia-se o argumento de que ambos não ficaram imunes àquilo que se cunha aqui de SER (Sexismo, Elitismo e Racismo) - modo de ser constitutivo da modernidade e do ocidente -, responsável pelo não ser da maioria dita 'minorias', sobretudo dos cinco 'pês' de periferias: pobres, pretos, 'psicóticos', 'putas' e 'paraíbas'. Para fundamentar essa tese (ou teses), os autores irmanam-se, cada um à sua maneira, ao conhecimento cultivado e ofertado por intelectuais negras e negros, bem como a autoras e autores que contribuem para a descolonização dos saberes e práticas, incluindo alguns europeus, em direção à libertação coletiva.

ABSTRACT In this essay, whose title is inspired by the master piece 'On the concept of the History' by Walter Benjamin, we tell the history of the collective health, in connection to the Brazilian social human being, through twelve theses concatenated and concomitantly independent among them, precisely given some pointed divergences among us - the authors. We can say that the text presents theses and therefore some antitheses. We do acknowledge the relevance that the field of the collective health and the Sanitarian Movement have in the collective health and the Brazilian society; we linked the argument that both would not be immune to that which we here called: SER (Sexism, Elitism, Racism) - a way of being constitutive of our western and modern society -, responsible for the not-being of the majority which is called minority, mainly of the 5 archetypes of the Outskirts: 'the Poor, the Black, the Psychotic, the Prostitute, the Northeastern'. To ground this thesis (or theses), we fraternized ourselves, each one to his/her way, to the provided and cultivated knowledge by the black scholars as well as the authors who contribute to the decolonization of our knowledge and practices, including some Europeans, towards collective emancipation.

A atualidade da 'pedagogia do oprimido' nos seus 50 anos: a pedagogia da revolução de paulo freire / The currentness of the 'pedagogy of the oppressed' in its 50th anniversary: paulo freire's pedagogy of revolution / La actualidad de la 'pedagogía del oprimido' en sus 50 años: la pedagogía de la revolución de paulo freire

Resumo Neste ensaio, para celebrar os cinquenta anos do seu manuscrito, nós revisitamos o clássico Pedagogia do Oprimido, de Paulo Freire. Em tempos difíceis no Brasil e de Movimento Escola sem Partido, dentre tantos outros 'avanços' do conservadorismo, a obra magna do patrono da educação brasileira está mais atual e vigorosa do que nunca. Aqui, embora reconhecendo que o ensaio de Freire significou certa 'revolução' da pedagogia, nosso foco incide sobre aquela que julgamos ser, apesar de pouco debatida, sua tese central - a da pedagogia da revolução. Além disso, no final, mostramos que Freire foi um dos precursores no Brasil do pensamento pós-colonial, devendo, portanto, servir como um ponto de interseção com essa corrente libertária cujo renascimento renova as esperanças e a utopia da esquerda.

Abstract In the present essay, in celebration of the 50th anniversary of his manuscript, we revisit the classic book Pedagogy of the Oppressed, by Paulo Freire. Amidst difficult times for Brazil, and at a time in which we see the rise of the Non-Partisan School Movement (Movimento Escola sem Partido, in Portuguese), among other 'advancements' of conservatism, the masterpiece of the patron of Brazilian education is more current and vigorous than ever before. Here, even though we recognize that Freire's essay meant a certain 'revolution' in pedagogy, our focus is on what we consider his central, though little debated, thesis: the pedagogy of revolution. Moreover, in the end, we show that Freire was one of the pioneers in Brazil of the post-colonial thinking, and this must work as a point of convergence with this libertarian school of thought, whose revival renews the hopes and utopia of the Left.

Resumen En este ensayo, volvimos sobre el clásico Pedagogía del Oprimido, de Paulo Freire, con motivo de la celebración de los cincuenta años de su manuscrito. En tiempos difíciles en Brasil y del Movimiento "Escuela sin Partido", entre tantos otros 'avances' del conservadurismo, la obra magna del patrono de la educación brasileña se muestra más actual y cobra más fuerza que nunca. Aquí, si bien reconocemos que el ensayo de Freire implicó una cierta 'revolución' en la pedagogía, nuestro análisis se centra sobre lo que consideramos como su tesis central, más allá que ha sido poco debatida - la de la pedagogía de la revolución. Así mismo, en el final, mostramos que Freire fue uno de los precursores en Brasil del pensamiento poscolonial, debiendo por lo tanto servir como un punto de intersección con esa corriente libertaria cuyo renacimiento renueva las esperanzas y la utopía de la izquierda.

Use of a low-cost telecytopathology method for remote assessment of thyroid FNAs.

BACKGROUND: Rapid on-site evaluation is a great tool for optimizing the adequacy and quality of cytologic samples. The objective of the current study was to analyze a low-cost telecytopathology method for the remote assessment of thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs), with comparison of the primarily rendered adequacy and diagnosis with the final conventional analysis. METHODS: Material collected from thyroid FNABs was immediately smeared onto glass slides and stained with Diff-Quik. A conventional microscope attached to a smart device was operated on-site by either a medical student or a pathology resident for Wi-Fi transmission of the images by Skype. The cytopathologist would remotely guide the screening of the slides, zooming in and out of areas of interest. Remote assessment included an analysis of material adequacy and a preliminary diagnosis. The quality of the transmission and the number of slides also were recorded. After a washout period of 3 weeks, final diagnosis and adequacy were assigned by conventional microscopy. RESULTS: The final agreement rate for adequacy between remote and conventional analysis was 90.5%. For diagnosis, the final agreement rate was 83.3%. The diagnosis agreement rate varied, depending on the quality of transmission: there was 88% agreement when the quality was excellent, 77.8% agreement when it was good, and 62.5% agreement when it was poor. CONCLUSIONS: Low-cost telecytopathology is an efficient method for the remote assessment of thyroid FNAB adequacy and diagnosis. The wide use of such technology in low-resource or remote centers may have a positive impact on the number of adequate or satisfactory samples, optimizing the management of patients who have thyroid nodules.

CERRADO SMALL MAMMALS: abundance and distribution of marsupials, lagomorphs, and rodents in a Neotropical savanna.

Patterns in distribution and local abundance of species within a biome are central concerns in ecology and allow the understanding of the effects of habitat loss on rates of species extinction; provide support for the creation and management of reserves; and contribute to the identification and quantification of the processes that allow niche partitioning by species. However, despite the importance in the conservation and management of the ecosystems, most systematized information on the abundance and distribution of small mammals is restricted to the northern hemisphere or forest ecosystems. For tropical biomes, an important part of this information remains dispersed and difficult to access in the form of theses, technical reports, or unpublished data sets. Here we present a comprehensive data set of abundance and richness of small mammals in the Cerrado, the largest Neotropical savanna. This data set includes 2,599 records of 446 sites from 96 studies. More than 50% of references in this data set are peer-reviewed journal articles, but 45.78% of communities were compiled from theses. The data set comprises 24,283 individuals of 55 genera and at least 118 species of small mammals including 29 marsupials, two lagomorphs (one exotic), and 87 rodents (three exotic). Local species richness ranged from 1 to 26 species (5.82 ± 3.55, average species richness ± SD). We observed hyperdominance of a few species; the 10 most abundant species in this data set represented 60.19% of all recorded individuals. The hairy-tailed bolo mouse (Necromys lasiurus) represented over than 20% of all individuals and occurred at more than 50% of sites. Furthermore, we identified 18 environments, 16 native vegetation types, and 2 anthropic environments. Typical savanna and gallery forest were the most frequently sampled vegetation types (comprising 46.94% of all sampled sites) and the most speciose ones (57 species for typical savanna and 53 species for gallery forest). The information contained in this data set can be used to analyze ecological questions such as the relationship between local abundance and regional distribution, the relevance of local and regional factors to community structuring, and the role of phylogenetic mechanisms in community assemblage. It can also be useful in conservation efforts in this biodiversity hotspot. No copyright, proprietary, or cost restrictions apply. Please cite this paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.

[Notebooks on health and work: diaries of public university professors]. / Cadernetas de saúde e trabalho: diários de professores de universidade pública.

The main objective of this article is to present and analyze the research instrument called "health and work notebooks", focusing on the production of knowledge concerning professors' work at a public university. The notebooks serve as a qualitative and participant research technique that is appropriate for the in-depth study of relations between health and work, viewing workplaces as privileged spaces for exercising effective action in the defense of health and the work experience as the principal material for analysis. The notebooks' special quality as a research technique lies in worker's role as protagonist in the research, as the diary's author and co-participant in the study. Eight professors participated, all from the same institute in a federal university (IFES) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. As for analysis of the empirical materials from the notebooks and consistent with the workers, the thematic analysis technique was adopted, producing four main discussion categories: time on the job and professors' multiple work activities; precarization of working conditions at universities; faculty health at limits; and the notebooks viewed from the authors' perspective. As for the results, the theme that stood out was work overload and time pressure to meet targets. Finally, the health and work notebooks proved to be a potential research tool for generating knowledge from a collective perspective.

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar e analisar o instrumento de pesquisa designado como "cadernetas de saúde e trabalho", com foco na produção de conhecimento sobre o trabalho de docentes de universidade pública. Trata-se de uma técnica de investigação de caráter qualitativo e participativo, adequada ao aprofundamento do estudo das relações entre a saúde e o trabalho, reavendo os locais de trabalho como lugares privilegiados de observações para o exercício de uma efetiva ação de defesa da saúde e a experiência do trabalho como matéria principal de análise. A qualidade especial das cadernetas como técnica de investigação refere-se ao papel protagonista atribuído ao trabalhador no processo de pesquisa, autor do diário e coparticipante do estudo. Participaram oito docentes pertencentes ao mesmo instituto de uma universidade federal de ensino superior (IFES), localizada no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Quanto à análise dos materiais empíricos, procedentes das anotações das cadernetas e de encontro com os trabalhadores, adotou-se a técnica de análise temática, chegando-se a quatro categorias principais de discussão, a saber: o tempo de trabalho e as múltiplas atividades de trabalho do professor; precarização das condições de trabalho em universidades; saúde docente entre limites e cadernetas sob o olhar dos seus autores. No que concerne aos resultados, sobressaiu o tema alusivo à sobrecarga de trabalho e pressão do tempo para cumprimento de metas. Ao fim, considerou-se que as cadernetas de saúde e trabalho mostraram-se como ferramenta de pesquisa com potencial para se gerar conhecimento em perspectiva coletiva.

El objetivo principal de este artículo es presentar y analizar el instrumento de investigación denominado "cartillas de salud y trabajo", centrándose en la producción de conocimiento sobre el trabajo de docentes de universidad pública. Se trata de una técnica de investigación de carácter cualitativo y participativo, adecuada a la profundización del estudio de las relaciones entre la salud y el trabajo, reincorporando los lugares de trabajo como lugares privilegiados de observación para el ejercicio de una efectiva acción de defensa de la salud, y la experiencia laboral como materia principal de análisis. La cualidad especial de las cartillas como técnica de investigación se refiere al papel protagonista, atribuido al trabajador en el proceso de investigación, autor del diario y coparticipante del estudio. Participaron ocho docentes pertenecientes al mismo instituto de una universidad federal de enseñanza superior (IFES), localizada en Río de Janeiro, Brasil. En cuanto al análisis de los materiales empíricos, procedentes de las anotaciones de las cartillas y de encuentros con los trabajadores, se adoptó la técnica de análisis temático, llegándose a cuatro categorías principales de discusión, a saber: el tiempo de trabajo y las múltiples actividades de trabajo del profesor; precarización de las condiciones de trabajo en universidades; salud docente entre límites y cartillas bajo la atenta mirada de sus autores. En lo que concierne a los resultados, se resaltó el tema alusivo a la sobrecarga de trabajo y presión de tiempo para el cumplimiento de metas. Al final, se consideró que las cartillas de salud y trabajo se mostraron como herramientas de investigación con potencial para generar conocimiento desde una perspectiva colectiva.

Aplicação de silício no solo: efeito na expressão enzimática de sementes oriundas de plantas de arroz sob estresse salino / Application of silicon to the soil: effect on enzymatic expression in rice seed produced under salt stress

A utilização de silício pode acarretar em aumento da capacidade biológica da planta em resistir às condições adversas do meio ambiente. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a expressão isoenzimática de sementes oriundas de plantas cultivadas com aplicação de cinza da casca de arroz, via solo, sob estresse salino. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial A x B (Fator A- Cinco doses de cinza da casca de arroz aplicada via solo: 0; 500; 1000; 1500 e 2000 kg ha-¹; Fator B- Três concentrações salinas: 0, 4 e 8 mM), com quatro repetições. Foram realizados os testes de primeira contagem de germinação e germinação, e expressão dos sistemas isoenzimáticos glutamato oxaloacetato transaminase, álcool desidrogenase, glutamato desidrogenase e sorbitol. Variações nos quatro sistemas eletroforéticos analisados podem estar associados ao estresse salino causado durante o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de arroz. O sistema isoenzimático glutamato oxaloacetato transaminase é uma ferramenta complementar à avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de arroz.(AU)

The silicon utilization may result in the increased biological ability of the plants to withstand the harsh conditions of the environment. In this sense, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of rice husk ash to the soil in rice plants under salt stress on isoenzymes expression. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial A x B (Factor A- Five doses of rice husk ash applied to soil: 0.0, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 kg ha-¹, Factor B- Three salt concentrations: 0, 4, and 8 mM), with four replications. Tests were the first count of germination and germination, and expression of isozyme systems glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and sorbitol. Variations in the all analyzed electrophoretic systems may be associated with salt stress caused during the growth and development of rice plants. The isoenzyme system glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase is a complementary tool to assess the physiological rice seed quality.(AU)