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1.
Biomedica ; 44(3): 328-339, 2024 08 29.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39241240

RESUMO

Introduction: Data on the prevalence of fungal coinfections/superinfections in patients with COVID-19 are limited. Objective: To describe the prevalence of fungal coinfections/superinfections in patients with COVID-19, as well as risk factors and demographic, clinical, and microbiological characteristics. Material and methods: We included patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and a confirmed fungal infection hospitalized in the ICU from March 2020 to December 2021. We collected data on age, sex, comorbidities, hospital length of stay (days), laboratory (ferritin) and microbiological results, treatment for COVID-19, antifungal therapy, and outcomes obtained from the clinical records. Results: Only 11 out of 740 patients met the inclusion criteria. The coinfection rate was 0.3% and the superinfection was 1.2%. The most affected population was male adults. The coinfections/superinfections diagnosed were candiduria and candidemia, caused by Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae, and Kluyveromyces marxianus (C. kefyr). In addition, tracheobronchitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus was found. The most used antifungals were fluconazole and caspofungin. The lethality in patients with fungal coinfections was 50% and superinfections, 22%. The length of hospital stay was 11-65 days. Eight patients required mechanical ventilation and six received corticosteroids. The main comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (81.8%). Conclusions: The rate of fungal coinfections/superinfections in COVID-19 patients was low, but the lethality found urges for routine fungal screening in patients with severe COVID-19 to timely detect fungal infections that may further compromise the patient's life.


Introducción: Los datos sobre la prevalencia de coinfecciones o sobreinfecciones fúngicas en pacientes con COVID-19 son limitados. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de coinfecciones o sobreinfecciones fúngicas en pacientes con COVID-19, así como los factores de riesgo y las características demográficas, clínicas y microbiológicas. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19, hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y con infección fúngica confirmada entre marzo del 2020 y diciembre del 2021. Del expediente clínico se obtuvieron datos sobre edad, sexo, comorbilidades, días de estancia hospitalaria, resultados de laboratorio (ferritina) y microbiológicos, tratamiento contra COVID-19, terapia antifúngica y desenlace. Resultados: Once de 740 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La tasa de coinfección fue del 0,3 % y la de sobreinfección fue del 1,2 %. La población más afectada fue la de hombres adultos. Las coinfecciones o sobreinfecciones diagnosticadas fueron candiduria y candidemia, causadas por Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae y Kluyveromyces marxianus (C. kefyr). Además, se encontró una traqueobronquitis por Aspergillus fumigatus. Los antifúngicos más administrados fueron fluconazol y caspofungina. La letalidad en pacientes con coinfecciones fue del 50 % y con sobreinfecciones fúngicas, del 22 %. El tiempo de estancia intrahospitalaria fue de 11 a 65 días. Ocho de los pacientes requirieron asistencia respiratoria mecánica y seis recibieron corticoides. La principal comorbilidad fue diabetes mellitus (81,8 %). Conclusiones: La tasa de coinfecciones o sobreinfecciones por hongos en pacientes con COVID-19 fue baja, pero la letalidad de estas requiere, con urgencia, la realización de pruebas de rutina para detectar hongos en pacientes con COVID-19 grave para diagnosticar oportunamente infecciones fúngicas que puedan comprometer aún más la vida del paciente.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Coinfecção , Superinfecção , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Humanos , Masculino , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , Superinfecção/epidemiologia , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Micoses/epidemiologia , Micoses/tratamento farmacológico , Micoses/diagnóstico , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Comorbidade , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudos Retrospectivos
2.
Psicol. conduct ; 29(3): 781-796, 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-225470

RESUMO

Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo contribuir en el estudio de la validez de la “Escala de valoración de la capacidad de autocuidado” (escala ASA) en adultos mayores y analizar su asociación con conductas y condiciones relacionadas con la salud. Se construyó un cuestionario y se aplicó a 165 adultos mayores residentes de Michoacán (México). Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio del modelo unidimensional de la escala, así como un análisis de consistencia interna, así como un análisis de relación con otras variables basado en comparaciones de grupos, explorando el efecto de la eliminación de ítems inversos. La escala reducida tuvo mejor desempeño en general, aunque el modelo unidimensional mantuvo un ajuste limitado en el análisis factorial confirmatorio. La consistencia interna fue satisfactoria en ambas escalas (α= 0,806 y 0,826, respectivamente), además se identificaron algunas comparaciones de grupo importantes con mediciones antropométricas. En conclusión, se encontraron pruebas que apoyan la validez de la escala ASA en adultos mayores, aunque continúa pendiente generar más evidencia en cuanto a su validez de constructo y criterio (AU)


The objective of this work was to contribute to the study of the validity of the “Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale” (ASA scale) in older adults and to analyze its association with health-related behaviors and conditions. A questionnaire was constructed and applied to 165 elderly residents of Michoacán, Mexico. A confirmatory factor analysis of the scale's one-dimensional model was carried out, and also an analysis of internal consistency, as well as an analysis of the relationship with other variables based on group comparisons, exploring the effect of the elimination of inverse items. Overall, the reduced scale performed better although the one-dimensional model maintained a limited fit in the confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was satisfactory in both scales (α coefficient= .806 and .826, respectively). In addition, some important group comparisons were identified with anthropometric measurements. In conclusion, tests were found supporting the validity of the ASA scale in older adults, although more evidence is still needed regarding its construct and criterion validity (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero/psicologia , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Apoio Social , Estudos Transversais , Homofobia/psicologia
3.
J Clin Pharmacol ; 49(7): 838-47, 2009 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19443679

RESUMO

This study assessed the effect of 3 lipid-lowering therapies on the reduction of the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in high-risk coronary Mexican patients. The study was a randomized, comparative, and open clinical trial. Ninety high-risk coronary patients were allocated to 3 groups: pravastatin 40 mg, simvastatin 40 mg, and simvastatin 20 mg and ezetimibe 10 mg initially. If the therapeutic goals were not attained (<100 mg/dL of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] for type C and <70 mg for type D), patients in group 1 received pravastatin 40 mg and ezetimibe 10 mg, group 2 received simvastatin 80 mg, and group 3 received simvastatin 40 mg and ezetimibe 10 mg. The primary endpoint was the change of IMT over the course of 1 year. The secondary endpoints were changes in LDL-C and in high sensitive C-reactive protein (CRPhs). The overall baseline IMTs generated by combining measurements in the internal carotid artery were 1.33+/-0.32 mm, 1.30+/-0.11 mm, and 1.23+/-0.28 mm for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. After 1 year, IMT values were 0.93+/-0.13 mm, 0.90+/-0.11 mm, and 0.92+/-0.01 mm for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. At the end of the study, LDL-C levels were 48+/-41, 45+/-37, and 48+/-31 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No significant differences were observed in CRP, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, and body mass index, among the groups. This study is one of the first providing evidence that dual therapy has a beneficial effect on a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis.


Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacologia , Azetidinas/farmacologia , Artéria Carótida Interna/efeitos dos fármacos , Artéria Carótida Interna/patologia , Sinvastatina/farmacologia , Túnica Íntima/efeitos dos fármacos , Túnica Íntima/patologia , Túnica Média/efeitos dos fármacos , Túnica Média/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapêutico , Azetidinas/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangue , Doença das Coronárias/sangue , Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico , Combinação de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Combinação Ezetimiba e Simvastatina , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sinvastatina/uso terapêutico , Triglicerídeos/sangue
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