Effect of fermentation on the physicochemical characteristics and sensory quality of Arabica coffee.

This work aims to assess the physicochemical characteristics and final sensory quality of Yellow Catuai IAC 62 Arabica coffee fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For such a purpose, a Composite Central Rotational Design (CCRD) was performed to investigate how fermentation time,temperature and pH conditions, moisture content and concentration of sugars and organic acids affect its sensory quality on two different roast levels in accordance with Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) protocols. It was found that fructose concentration decreased from 12 g/L to around 5 g/L during fermentation, regardless of temperature condition. Furthermore, longer fermentation times and higher temperatures have lowered sucrose and glucose concentrations from 4 to 2 g/L and 7 g/L to zero, respectively. Glycerol concentration was higher as time and temperature increased, and optimal conditions ranged at temperatures between 24 °C and 32 °C from 35 to 45 h of fermentation time. pH decreased as fermentation time elapsed, but there was a more significant reduction due to higher temperatures, starting at around pH 5 and, lower than 4 under extreme conditions. Contents of organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, and lactic acids, were measured at the final stage of each fermentation process under studied conditions. It was observed that coffee samples achieved final scores ranging from 81 to 85 (SCA score), even in longer times and extreme temperature conditions, thus all samples have been classified as specialty coffees. This work described the initial step towards parameterizing fermentation processes, given that the response variables of temperature and fermentation time, were optimal and enhanced the sensory quality of coffee as beverage. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a commercial product which has already been made available for producers, can ensure an increase in the sensory quality of coffee.

Estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por crianças com câncer em tratamento quimioterápico / Estrategias de enfrentamiento utilizadas por niños con cáncer en tratamiento quimioterápico / Coping strategies used by children with cancer in chemotherapy treatment

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por crianças com câncer diante de uma situação difícil antes e após intervenção com jogo de tabuleiro. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção, realizado no ambulatório de quimioterapia de um centro de tratamento especializado em oncologia pediátrica de Mato Grosso do Sul. A amostra foi composta por 10 crianças de 7 a 12 anos em tratamento quimioterápico. Para a coleta de dados foi aplicada a escala Kidcope - versão infantil brasileira, antes e após a intervenção com o jogo de tabuleiro "Skuba! Uma aventura no fundo do mar". Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: as situações difíceis referidas pelas crianças foram de natureza pessoal e envolviam procedimentos invasivos durante o tratamento. Evidenciou-se o uso de estratégias de enfrentamento de evitação, como distração e pensamento mágico. As crianças revelaram, quanto ao uso das estratégias, que tentavam esquecer a situação difícil, através de atividades de distração, como assistir à televisão ou jogar um jogo, e não ficar sozinhas, evitando assim o isolamento social. Conclusão: as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas pelas crianças com câncer, mediadas pela intervenção com o jogo de tabuleiro, foram de evitação, com o predomínio da distração.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las estrategias de enfrentamiento utilizadas por niños con cáncer ante una situación difícil antes y después de la intervención con juego de mesa. Método: se trata de un estudio de intervención, realizado en el ambulatorio de quimioterapia de un centro de tratamiento especializado en oncología pediátrica de Mato Grosso do Sul-Brasil. La muestra fue compuesta por 10 niños de 7 a 12 años en tratamiento quimioterápico. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó la escala Kidcope - versión infantil brasileña, antes y después de la intervención con el juego de mesa "¡Skuba! Una aventura en el fondo del mar". Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: las situaciones difíciles relatadas por los niños fueron de naturaleza personal e involucraban procedimientos invasivos durante el tratamiento. Se evidenció el uso de estrategias de enfrentamiento de evitación, como distracción y pensamiento mágico. Los niños revelaron, en cuanto al uso de las estrategias, que intentaban olvidar la situación difícil, a través de actividades de distracción, como ver la televisión o jugar un juego, y no quedarse solos, evitando así el aislamiento social. Conclusión: las estrategias de enfrentamiento utilizadas por los niños con cáncer, mediadas por la intervención con el juego de mesa, fueron de evitación, con el predominio de la distracción.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify coping strategies used by children with cancer in the face of a difficult situation before and after intervention with a board game. Method: this is an intervention study, conducted in the outpatient chemotherapy of a treatment center specialized in pediatric oncology in Mato Grosso do Sul. The sample consisted of 10 children aged 7 to 12 years undergoing chemotherapy. For data collection was applied the Kidcope scale - Brazilian children's version, before and after the intervention with the board game "Skuba! An adventure on the seabed". For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: the difficult situations reported by the children were of a personal nature and involved invasive procedures during treatment. The use of avoidance coping strategies, such as distraction and magical thinking, was evidenced. The children revealed, regarding the use of strategies that they tried to forget the difficult situation, through distraction activities, such as watching television or playing a game, and not being alone, thus avoiding social isolation. Conclusion: the coping strategies used by children with cancer, mediated by the intervention with the board game, were avoidance, with the predominance of distraction.

Investigations on Storage and Oxidative Stability of Biodiesel from Different Feedstocks Using the Rancimat Method, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Chemometry.

Biodiesel can be altered when exposed to air, light, temperature, and humidity. Other factors, such as microbial or inorganic agents, also interfere with the quality of the product. In the present work, the Rancimat method and mid-infrared spectroscopy associated with chemometry, were used to identify the oxidation process of biodiesel from different feedstocks and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of butylated hydroxytoluene. The study was carried out in four steps: preparation of biodiesel samples with and without the antioxidant agent, degradation of the samples under the effect of light and heating at 70 °C, measurements of the induction period, obtention of infrared spectra, and multivariate analysis. The Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy was used in combination with multivariate analysis, using techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The Rancimat results showed that babassu biodiesel has a higher resistance to oxidative degradation, while chicken biodiesel is the most susceptible to degradation; on the other hand, the antioxidant activity was more effective with chicken biodiesel, demonstrating that the antioxidant effect depends on the feedstock used in the production of biodiesel. The oxidative stability of babassu oil-, corn oil-, and chicken fat-based biodiesels decreased during storage both in the presence of light and at high temperature. Prior to PCA, all spectra were pre-processed with a combination of Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter with a 7-point window, baseline correction, and mean-centered data. The use of mid-infrared spectroscopy associated with PCA revealed the first two components to explain the greater variability of data, representing over 75% of total variation for all analyzed systems. In addition, it was able to separate the biodiesel samples according to the fatty acid profile of its feedstock, as well as the type of degradation to which it was subjected, the same being confirmed by HCA.

Introduction of complementary feeding in premature children / Introdução da alimentação complementar em crianças prematuras

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the characteristics of complementary feeding introduced to preterm children. Methods: an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative research. Data collection took place in February 2020 and between May and July 2021 in an outpatient follow-up clinic for high-risk newborns. To participate in the research, children had to have food introduced at least 30 days before and be 24 months corrected gestational age, at the most. The research instrument, developed by the researchers, was applied to the children's parents/guardians on the day of routine visits. The information they did not know was verified in the patient's institutional medical record. Results: the sample comprised 29 mothers/babies, 55.2% (16) of whom were males, with a mean gestational age of 13 months. Most mothers introduced complementary feeding at 6 months corrected gestational age; 25% of them introduced it late and 17.9%, early. Almost 100% of the babies received fruits and/or vegetables as their first foods. Conclusion: more than half of the preterm children's mothers started complementary feeding at the recommended time with adequate consistencies and utensils.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever as características da introdução da alimentação complementar em crianças nascidas pré-termo. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, descritiva, transversal, quantitativa. A coleta ocorreu em fevereiro de 2020 e entre os meses de maio e julho de 2021 em um ambulatório de seguimento de recém-nascidos de alto risco. Para participar da pesquisa as crianças tinham que ter iniciado a introdução alimentar há pelo menos 30 dias e ter no máximo 24 meses de idade gestacional corrigida. O instrumento de pesquisa, desenvolvido pelas pesquisadoras, foi aplicado com o responsável pela criança no dia das consultas de rotina, o que o acompanhante não soube responder foi averiguado no prontuário institucional do paciente. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 29 díades, sendo 55,2% (16) do sexo masculino, e média de idade corrigida de 13 meses. A maioria das mães introduziu a alimentação complementar aos seis meses de idade corrigida. 25% delas introduziram tardiamente e 17,9% precocemente. Quase 100% dos bebês receberam frutas e/ou verduras como primeiros alimentos. Conclusão: mais da metade das mães iniciaram a alimentação complementar no tempo recomendado com consistência e utensilio adequados.

Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the hands and nasal cavity of professionals in a surgical center

Staphylococcus aureus multirresistente tem sido frequentemente encontrado nas mãos e cavidades nasais de seres humanos, sendo uma das principais causas de infecção nosocomial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a presença de S. aureus nesses sítios anatômicos em 27 profissionais de saúde que trabalham em centro cirúrgico. As amostras foram obtidas por swabs estéreis, previamente humedecidos com solução salina, que posteriormente foram semeados em placas de Petri contendo ágar manitol salgado. As colônias com aspecto característico foram coradas pelo Gram e submetidas a testes bioquímicos para sua confirmação. Provas de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos foram também realizadas, utilizando a técnica de difusão em disco descrita por Kirby-Bauer. 40,7% (11) dos profissionais apresentram S. aureus nas cavidades nasais e 14,81% (4) apresentaram esse microrganismo nas mãos, pelo menos, em uma das coletas. Das 36 cepas de S. aureus isoladas, 11,11% apresentaram resistência à meticilina, 77,8% apresentaram resistência à penicilina, amoxacilina/ácido clavulânico e ampicilina/sulbactam e 58,3% se mostraram multirresistentes. A sensibilidade das cepas foi observada principalmente para ciprofloxacina (97,22%) e nitrofurantoína (97,22%). A partir dos resultados encontrados é possível concluir que o número de portadores de S. aureus é relativamente alto e que as cepas isoladas são resistentes a múltiplas drogas, principalmente àquelas de primeira escolha, empregadas para controlar infecções comuns.

Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has often been found in the hands and nasal cavity of human beings and is among the leading causes of nosocomial infections. Our objective was to verify the presence of S. aureus in the hands and nasal cavity of 27 professionals from the operating room in a hospital. The samples were collected with a sterile swab previously moistened with saline solution and later were spread in plates containing Salt Mannitol agar. Characteristic colonies were confirmed by Gram-staining and biochemical tests. The Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disk diffusion technique described by Kirby-Bauer. 40.7% (11) of the professionals have S. aureus in the nasal cavity. 14.81% (4) of the professionals presented S. aureus in their hands in only one of the collections. Of the 36 strains of S. aureus isolated, 11.11% are methicillin resistant, 77.8% showed resistance to penicillin, amoxacillin/clavulanic acid and ampicillin/sulbactam and 58.3% were multidrug resistant. The sensitivity of strains observed mainly to ciprofloxacin (97.22%) and nitrofurantoin (97.22%). The results allow us to conclude that the number of S. aureus carriers is relatively high and that the isolated strains are multidrug-resistant, mainly for the antibiotics of first choice used to control common infections.

Oral motor disorder and feeding difficulty during the introduction of complementary feeding in preterm infants. / Disfunção motora oral e dificuldade alimentar durante a alimentação complementar em crianças nascidas pré-termo.

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between oral-motor disorder and feeding difficulty during the process of introducing complementary feeding in preterm infants. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, observational, and quantitative study. Preterm infants who had already begun complementary feeding and were up to 24 months corrected gestational age, were followed up at an outpatient clinic for high-risk newborns. The feeding difficulty was assessed using the mother's perception of the presence of defensive behaviors in their child. The measurement of the oral motor skills performance was obtained through the application of an adaptation of the Clinical evaluation protocol of pediatric dysphagia (PAD-PED). RESULTS: The sample consisted of 62 dyads of children with a mean corrected gestational age (CGA) of 13.5 months. Complementary feeding was introduced at the sixth month CGA by almost half of the mothers and most of them reported some sort of difficulty with this activity. Extreme prematurity revealed an association with defensive feeding behavior (p = 0.005), as well as with the initial introduction of food with liquid consistency (p = 0.001), the extended period of time using enteral tube feeding (p = 0.044), the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (p = 0.013) and parenteral nutrition (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: There was no significant association between oral motor disorder and feeding difficulty.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação entre a disfunção motora oral e a dificuldade alimentar durante o processo de introdução de alimentação complementar em crianças nascidas pré-termo. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, observacional e quantitativo. Nele, foram incluídos prematuros em acompanhamento em um ambulatório de seguimento de recém-nascidos de alto risco, que já tinham iniciado a alimentação complementar e possuíam até 24 meses de idade gestacional corrigida. A dificuldade alimentar foi investigada mediante a percepção da mãe quanto à presença de comportamentos defensivos do filho. A medida do desempenho das habilidades motoras orais foi obtida a partir da aplicação de uma adaptação do Protocolo de Avaliação Clínica da Disfagia Pediátrica (PAD-PED). RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 62 díades de crianças com média de 13,5 meses de idade gestacional corrigida (IGC). A alimentação complementar foi introduzida no sexto mês de IGC por quase metade das mães, e a maioria delas informou algum tipo de dificuldade nessa introdução. A prematuridade extrema revelou associação com o comportamento alimentar defensivo (p=0,005), assim como a introdução inicial de alimentos na consistência liquidificada (p=0,001), o tempo prolongado de uso de sonda enteral (p=0,044), a pressão positiva em vias aéreas (CPAP) (p=0,013) e a nutrição parenteral (p=0,039). CONCLUSÃO: Não foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre a disfunção motora oral e a dificuldade alimentar.

Disfunção motora oral e dificuldade alimentar durante a alimentação complementar em crianças nascidas pré-termo / Oral motor disorder and feeding difficulty during the introduction of complementary feeding in preterm infants

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a associação entre a disfunção motora oral e a dificuldade alimentar durante o processo de introdução de alimentação complementar em crianças nascidas pré-termo. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal, observacional e quantitativo. Nele, foram incluídos prematuros em acompanhamento em um ambulatório de seguimento de recém-nascidos de alto risco, que já tinham iniciado a alimentação complementar e possuíam até 24 meses de idade gestacional corrigida. A dificuldade alimentar foi investigada mediante a percepção da mãe quanto à presença de comportamentos defensivos do filho. A medida do desempenho das habilidades motoras orais foi obtida a partir da aplicação de uma adaptação do Protocolo de Avaliação Clínica da Disfagia Pediátrica (PAD-PED). Resultados A amostra foi composta por 62 díades de crianças com média de 13,5 meses de idade gestacional corrigida (IGC). A alimentação complementar foi introduzida no sexto mês de IGC por quase metade das mães, e a maioria delas informou algum tipo de dificuldade nessa introdução. A prematuridade extrema revelou associação com o comportamento alimentar defensivo (p=0,005), assim como a introdução inicial de alimentos na consistência liquidificada (p=0,001), o tempo prolongado de uso de sonda enteral (p=0,044), a pressão positiva em vias aéreas (CPAP) (p=0,013) e a nutrição parenteral (p=0,039). Conclusão Não foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre a disfunção motora oral e a dificuldade alimentar.

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate the association between oral-motor disorder and feeding difficulty during the process of introducing complementary feeding in preterm infants. Methods This is a cross-sectional, observational, and quantitative study. Preterm infants who had already begun complementary feeding and were up to 24 months corrected gestational age, were followed up at an outpatient clinic for high-risk newborns. The feeding difficulty was assessed using the mother's perception of the presence of defensive behaviors in their child. The measurement of the oral motor skills performance was obtained through the application of an adaptation of the Clinical evaluation protocol of pediatric dysphagia (PAD-PED). Results The sample consisted of 62 dyads of children with a mean corrected gestational age (CGA) of 13.5 months. Complementary feeding was introduced at the sixth month CGA by almost half of the mothers and most of them reported some sort of difficulty with this activity. Extreme prematurity revealed an association with defensive feeding behavior (p = 0.005), as well as with the initial introduction of food with liquid consistency (p = 0.001), the extended period of time using enteral tube feeding (p = 0.044), the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (p = 0.013) and parenteral nutrition (p = 0.039). Conclusion There was no significant association between oral motor disorder and feeding difficulty.

Cognition and epilepsy: Cognitive screening test.

Cognitive deficits often occur in people with epilepsy (PWE). However, in Brazil, PWE might not undergo neurocognitive evaluation due to the low number of validated tests available and lack of multidisciplinary teams in general epilepsy outpatient clinics. OBJECTIVE: To correlate Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu (BCB-Edu) scores with epilepsy characteristics of 371 PWE. METHODS: Clinical and cognitive assessment (MMSE, BCB-Edu) of 371 PWE aged >18 years was performed. The clinical aspects of epilepsy were correlated with BCB-Edu data. Cognitive data of PWE were compared against those of 95 healthy individuals (NC), with p-<0.05. RESULTS: People with epilepsy had lower cognitive performance than individuals in the NC group. Cognitive aspects also differed according to epilepsy characteristics. Predictive factors for impairment in multiple cognitive domains were age and use of more than one antiepileptic drug (logistic regression; R2 Nagelkerke=0.135). CONCLUSION: Worse cognitive performance was found in PWE on different domains. There was a relationship between cognitive impairment and the aspects of epilepsy. BCB-Edu proved to be effective as a cognitive assessment screening test for epilepsy in adults.

É frequente a ocorrência de déficits cognitivos em pessoas com epilepsia (PWE). Entretanto, no Brasil, as PWE podem ficar sem avaliação neurocognitiva pelo reduzido número de testes disponíveis e validados para nossa cultura e pela ausência de equipes multidisciplinares em ambulatórios gerais de epilepsia. OBJETIVO: Relacionar os escores do Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu (BCB-Edu) aos aspectos da epilepsia de 371 PWE. MÉTODOS: Foi feita avaliação clínica e cognitiva (MMSE, BCB-Edu) de 371 PWE com idade > 18 anos. Foram relacionados os aspectos da epilepsia com os dados do BCB-Edu. Os dados cognitivos foram comparados aos de 95 indivíduos normais (NC), com p<0.05. RESULTADOS: PWE apresentam desempenho cognitivo inferior ao do grupo NC. Os aspectos cognitivos foram distintos, segundo aspectos da epilepsia. Na regressão logística, os fatores preditivos para comprometimento em múltiplos domínios cognitivos foram a idade e a utilização de mais de uma droga antiepiléptica (R2 Nagelkerke=0.135). CONCLUSÃO: Houve, nas PWE, pior desempenho cognitivo em diferentes domínios. Houve relação entre déficit cognitivo com aspectos da epilepsia. O BCB-Edu mostrou-se eficaz como teste de triagem cognitiva na epilepsia em adultos.

Cognition and epilepsy: Cognitive screening test / Cognição e epilepsia: teste de triagem cognitiva

ABSTRACT. Cognitive deficits often occur in people with epilepsy (PWE). However, in Brazil, PWE might not undergo neurocognitive evaluation due to the low number of validated tests available and lack of multidisciplinary teams in general epilepsy outpatient clinics. Objective: To correlate Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu (BCB-Edu) scores with epilepsy characteristics of 371 PWE. Methods: Clinical and cognitive assessment (MMSE, BCB-Edu) of 371 PWE aged >18 years was performed. The clinical aspects of epilepsy were correlated with BCB-Edu data. Cognitive data of PWE were compared against those of 95 healthy individuals (NC), with p-<0.05. Results: People with epilepsy had lower cognitive performance than individuals in the NC group. Cognitive aspects also differed according to epilepsy characteristics. Predictive factors for impairment in multiple cognitive domains were age and use of more than one antiepileptic drug (logistic regression; R2 Nagelkerke=0.135). Conclusion: Worse cognitive performance was found in PWE on different domains. There was a relationship between cognitive impairment and the aspects of epilepsy. BCB-Edu proved to be effective as a cognitive assessment screening test for epilepsy in adults.

RESUMO. É frequente a ocorrência de déficits cognitivos em pessoas com epilepsia (PWE). Entretanto, no Brasil, as PWE podem ficar sem avaliação neurocognitiva pelo reduzido número de testes disponíveis e validados para nossa cultura e pela ausência de equipes multidisciplinares em ambulatórios gerais de epilepsia. Objetivo: Relacionar os escores do Brief Cognitive Battery-Edu (BCB-Edu) aos aspectos da epilepsia de 371 PWE. Métodos: Foi feita avaliação clínica e cognitiva (MMSE, BCB-Edu) de 371 PWE com idade > 18 anos. Foram relacionados os aspectos da epilepsia com os dados do BCB-Edu. Os dados cognitivos foram comparados aos de 95 indivíduos normais (NC), com p<0.05. Resultados: PWE apresentam desempenho cognitivo inferior ao do grupo NC. Os aspectos cognitivos foram distintos, segundo aspectos da epilepsia. Na regressão logística, os fatores preditivos para comprometimento em múltiplos domínios cognitivos foram a idade e a utilização de mais de uma droga antiepiléptica (R2 Nagelkerke=0.135). Conclusão: Houve, nas PWE, pior desempenho cognitivo em diferentes domínios. Houve relação entre déficit cognitivo com aspectos da epilepsia. O BCB-Edu mostrou-se eficaz como teste de triagem cognitiva na epilepsia em adultos.

Prokaryotic Diversity in Oxygen Depleted Waters of the Bay of Bengal Inferred Using Culture-Dependent and -Independent Methods.

There are regions in the world oceans where oxygen saturation is at its lowest, evident at depths between shelf to upper bathyal zone. These regions are known as Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZs), which reportedly support phylogenetically diverse microbes. In this study, we aimed to characterize prokaryotic diversity in the water samples collected from 43, 200 and 1000 m depth of the Bay of Bengal Time Series location (BoBTS-18.0027°N, 89.0174°E) in the OMZ region. Illumina sequencing generated 3,921,854 reads of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, which corresponded to 5778 operational taxonomic units. The distribution of bacteria at class level varied with depth and oxygen concentration. α-Proteobacteria was found in abundance in 43 m and 1000 m depth water samples. γ-Proteobacteria was prominently detected in oxygen-depleted depths of 200 m and 1000 m. AB16 (Marine Group A, originally SAR406) was restricted at dissolved oxygen concentration of 1.5 µM at 200 m. Archaeal members were observed in low abundance (2%), with a high occurrence of phylum Euryarchaeota at 43 m, while Crenarchaeota was detected only at 200 m depth. Select bacterial cultures were screened for their ability to reduce nitrate in vitro, to obtain insights into their possible role in the nitrogen cycle. A total of 156 bacterial isolates clustered majorly with Alcanivorax, Bacillus, Erythrobacter, Halomonas, Idiomarina and Marinobacter. Among them, 11 bacterial genera showed positive nitrate reduction in the Griess test. A large percentage (63.55%) of 16S rRNA gene amplicons corresponded to unidentified OTUs at genus or higher taxonomic levels, suggesting a greater undiscovered prokaryotic diversity in this oxygen depleted region.

Perfil epidemiológico e análise da efetividade para prevenção de óbitos de pacientes inseridos em protocolo de sepse / Epidemiological profile and effectiveness analysis for the prevention of deaths of patients enrolled in a sepsis protocol

Objetivo: Avaliar casos de sepse e choque séptico verificando perfil epidemiológico, tratamento, adesão às recomendações internacionais e grau de efetividade das intervenções, para analisar sua efetividade na redução da mortalidade. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo observacional transversal com revisão dos atendimentos de sepse e choque séptico entre abril de 2013 e dezembro de 2015. Quanto à efetividade na prevenção de óbitos, o período foi de 2014 a 2015. Resultados: Foram incluídos 412 pacientes (55,3 anos), sendo 58% do sexo masculino. Dentre os pacientes, 80,1% foram inseridos no protocolo no tempo preconizado, 79,9% tiveram coleta de lactato e 91,7% de hemocultura no prazo (p<0,05). Iniciaram antibioticoterapia no prazo 87,4% da amostra. Ocorreram 68 óbitos no pronto-socorro, sendo 80,9% relacionados à sepse. Para a efetividade de prevenção de óbitos, foram incluídos 351 pacientes. O total de prevenção de óbitos foi de 325 pacientes, sendo 52,9% em 2014. O índice de prevenção de óbitos foi crescente (92,6%), indicando alta efetividade. Conclusão: Evidenciou- se alta letalidade nos quadros sépticos. A análise de dados epidemiológicos aponta possíveis melhorias para uniformizar e garantir o melhor atendimento dos pacientes. A adesão e a efetividade do protocolo têm sido crescentes, alcançando índice de prevenção de óbitos muito próximo do ideal. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate cases of sepsis and septic shock checking epidemiological profile, treatment, adherence to the international recommendations, and effectiveness degree of interventions, to analyze the effectiveness in mortality reduction. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study with review of sepsis and septic shock between april of 2013 and December of 2015. Regarding effectiveness in preventing deaths, the period was from 2014 to 2015. Results: A total of 412 patients (55.3 years) were included, with 58% male individuals. Of these patients, 80.1% were inserted in the protocol at the recommended time, 79.9% underwent lactate collection, and 91.7% underwent blood culture within the term (p<0.05). Antibiotic therapy was initiated in 87.4% within the term. There were 68 deaths in the emergency room, 80.9% of which were related to sepsis. For the effectiveness of death prevention, 351 patients were included. The total number of prevented deaths was 325 patients, 52.9% in 2014. The death prevention index was increasing (92.6%), indicating high effectiveness. Conclusion: High lethality was observed in septic patients. Epidemiological data analysis points to possible improvement to standardize and guarantee the best care for patients. Protocol compliance and effectiveness have been increasing, reaching an index of deaths prevention very close to the optimal one. (AU)

CO2 fixation and production of biodiesel by Chlorella vulgaris NIOCCV under mixotrophic cultivation.

In this study, Chlorella vulgaris NIOCCV was cultivated in seafood processing industry wastewater with continuous supply of 5%, 10%, and 20% CO2. The optimum CO2 fixation efficiency ( [Formula: see text] ), biomass productivity, specific growth rate (SGR), and lipid content recorded were 0.43 mg L-1 d-1, 264.58 ±â€¯8.8 mg L-1 d-1, 0.46 d-1, and 38 ±â€¯2.6% on dry weight basis, respectively at CO2 supply of 10%. The fatty acid methyl ester-derived biodiesel properties determined at same condition were in compliance with national and international fuel standards. The higher calorific value (HHV) of the resultant biomass was 11.14, 16.41 and 12.83 MJ Kg-1 for CO2 enrichment of 5%, 10%, and 20%, respectively. The synergistic environmental benefit of nutrients removal from wastewater is shown as an additional advantage of microalgal cultivation. Thus, integration of algae-based CO2 fixation with wastewater treatment and biodiesel production may realize microalgal CO2 capture technology as environmentally sustainable and economically more attractive.

Complementary feeding in infants born prematurely.

PURPOSE: To investigate if there is difficulty in introducing complementary feeding in premature infants. METHODS: This is an exploratory, cross-sectional study performed in premature infants between six and twenty-four months of gestationally corrected age, using complementary feeding. Thirty-eight infants born prematurely were included. The feeding difficulties presented by the infants were investigated through an objective question followed by the application of a food behavior checklist for the last month. The children's clinical variables were investigated through a medical record review. An interview was conducted with those responsible for the child to identify the sociodemographic aspects and the type of breastfeeding before the corrected six months of age. RESULTS: Asked about the general perception, 50% of parents answered that their children did not present feeding difficulties in the last month. However, when a checklist was applied, 73.7% of the parents reported that their children had at least one defensive behavior at mealtime. Refusal to open their mouths (42.1%), food selectivity (28.9%), and feeding refusal (26.3%) were the most frequent defensive behaviors. The food refusal item (44.4%) had a greater association with formula feeding (p = 0.033). CONCLUSION: The present study showed an association between the type of breastfeeding and the difficulties in complementary feeding, especially in premature infants with formula feeding, presenting food refusal during meals. We found the presence of different types of defensive behaviors at mealtime in the majority of premature infants investigated.

O tratamento contínuo superior a cinco anos com ácido ursodesoxicólico gera benefícios na taxa de mortalidade e na taxa de transplantes em colangite biliar primária: revisão sistemática da literatura e metanálise / Continuous treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid over five years generates benefits in mortality rate and transplantation rate in primary biliary cholangitis: systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis

Objetivos: A colangite biliar primária (CBP) é uma doença hepática colestática, autoimune, inflamatória e crônica que, quando não tratada, evolui para cirrose e eventualmente insuficiência hepática em um período de 10 a 20 anos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto em longo prazo do tratamento com ácido ursodesoxicólico (AUDC) em pacientes com CBP. Métodos: Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi conduzida até maio de 2017. Os desfechos incluíram sobrevida livre de transplante (SLT) ou morte, sobrevida global (SG), taxa de mortalidade, taxa de transplantes e a taxa combinada de mortes e transplantes. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de um modelo de efeitos aleatórios, utilizando-se o método de DerSimonian e Laird. Resultados: Doze estudos foram incluídos na metanálise. O tratamento com AUDC apresentou aumento do tempo de SLT no acompanhamento em longo prazo a partir do quinto ano de tratamento, com resultados estatisticamente significativos para os anos de 5 e 10 (p < 0,01). Os resultados da metanálise das taxas de mortalidade, transplante e taxa combinada de mortalidade e transplante mostraram-se não significativos para os três desfechos apresentados. A inclusão dos estudos de braço comparador teórico alterou de maneira significativa os resultados da análise principal, tornando os resultados estatisticamente significativos a partir do terceiro ano de acompanhamento. Conclusões: AUDC é eficaz no aumento da SLT ou morte, com resultados estatisticamente significativos em 5 e 10 anos, quando os pacientes são tratados de maneira crônica.

Objectives: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an inflammatory and chronic autoimmune cholestatic liver disease that, when left untreated, progresses to cirrhosis and eventually liver failure in a period of 10 to 20 years. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term impact of treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in patients with PBC. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted until May 2017. The endpoints included transplant-free survival (TFS) or death, overall survival (OS), mortality rate, transplantation rates and the combined rate of deaths and transplants. Data analysis was performed using a random effects model with the DerSimonian and Laird method. Results: Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. Treatment with UDCA showed an increase in TFS time in the long-term follow up from the fifth year of treatment, with statistically significant results for the years 5 and 10 (p < 0.01). Meta-analysis results for mortality rates, transplantation and combined mortality and transplantation rates were not significant for the three outcomes presented. The inclusion of the theoretical comparator arm studies significantly altered the results of the main analysis, making the results statistically significant from the third year of follow-up. Conclusions: UDCA is effective in increasing TFS or death, with statistically significant results at 5 and 10 years, when patients are treated chronically

Complementary feeding in infants born prematurely / Alimentação complementar em lactentes nascidos prematuros

ABSTRACT Purpose To investigate if there is difficulty in introducing complementary feeding in premature infants. Methods This is an exploratory, cross-sectional study performed in premature infants between six and twenty-four months of gestationally corrected age, using complementary feeding. Thirty-eight infants born prematurely were included. The feeding difficulties presented by the infants were investigated through an objective question followed by the application of a food behavior checklist for the last month. The children's clinical variables were investigated through a medical record review. An interview was conducted with those responsible for the child to identify the sociodemographic aspects and the type of breastfeeding before the corrected six months of age. Results Asked about the general perception, 50% of parents answered that their children did not present feeding difficulties in the last month. However, when a checklist was applied, 73.7% of the parents reported that their children had at least one defensive behavior at mealtime. Refusal to open their mouths (42.1%), food selectivity (28.9%), and feeding refusal (26.3%) were the most frequent defensive behaviors. The food refusal item (44.4%) had a greater association with formula feeding (p = 0.033). Conclusion The present study showed an association between the type of breastfeeding and the difficulties in complementary feeding, especially in premature infants with formula feeding, presenting food refusal during meals. We found the presence of different types of defensive behaviors at mealtime in the majority of premature infants investigated.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar se há dificuldade na introdução da alimentação complementar em lactentes prematuros. Método Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e transversal realizado em lactentes prematuros entre seis e vinte e quatro meses de idade corrigida gestacional, com alimentação complementar. Foram incluídas 38 crianças, 23 do gênero feminino e 15 do gênero masculino. As dificuldades de alimentação apresentadas pelos bebês foram investigadas através de uma pergunta objetiva seguida da aplicação de um checklist do comportamento alimentar no último mês. As variáveis ​​clínicas das crianças foram investigadas através de uma revisão de registro médico. Uma entrevista foi realizada com os responsáveis ​​pela criança para identificar os aspectos sociodemográficos e o tipo de aleitamento antes dos seis meses de idade corrigidos. Resultados Perguntado sobre a percepção geral, 50% dos pais responderam que seus filhos não apresentaram dificuldades de alimentação no último mês. No entanto, quando o checklist foi aplicado, 73,7% dos pais relataram que seus filhos tinham pelo menos um comportamento defensivo durante as refeições. A recusa de abrir a boca (42,1%), a seletividade alimentar (28,9%) e a recusa de alimentação (26,3%) foram os comportamentos defensivos mais frequentes. O item de recusa alimentar (44,4%) teve maior associação com aleitamento artificial (p = 0,033). Conclusão O presente estudo mostrou associação entre o tipo de aleitamento materno e as dificuldades na alimentação complementar, especialmente em lactentes prematuros com alimentação de fórmula, apresentando recusa alimentar durante as refeições. Também encontramos a presença de diferentes tipos de comportamentos defensivos na hora da refeição na maioria dos prematuros investigados.

Phylogenetic analyses and nitrate-reducing activity of fungal cultures isolated from the permanent, oceanic oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea.

Reports on the active role of fungi as denitrifiers in terrestrial ecosystems have stimulated an interest in the study of the role of fungi in oxygen-deficient marine systems. In this study, the culturable diversity of fungi was investigated from 4 stations within the permanent, oceanic, oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea. The isolated cultures grouped within the 2 major fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota; diversity estimates in the stations sampled indicated that the diversity of the oxygen-depleted environments is less than that of mangrove regions and deep-sea habitats. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rRNA sequences revealed a few divergent isolates that clustered with environmental sequences previously obtained by others. This is significant, as these isolates represent phylotypes that so far were known only from metagenomic studies and are of phylogenetic importance. Nitrate reduction activity, the first step in the denitrification process, was recorded for isolates under simulated anoxic, deep-sea conditions showing ecological significance of fungi in the oxygen-depleted habitats. This report increases our understanding of fungal diversity in unique, poorly studied habitats and underlines the importance of fungi in the oxygen-depleted environments.

Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the topical preparation of Cipura paludosa (Iridaceae) / Avaliação das atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória de preparação tópica de Cipura paludosa (Iridaceae)

Alho do mato (Cipura paludosa, Iridaceae) is a medicinal plant found in the Amazon rain forest, North of Brazil. It has been used to treat algic, inflammatory and infectious processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive action of the crude Cipura paludosa ethanolic extract at concentrations ranging between 2.0 and 4.0% in Oil and Water cream formulations for topical use. The physical-chemical stability of the formulations was monitored over a six-month period with the use of accelerated stability tests. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, we used a paw edema test induced by carrageenan and a formalin test, respectively. The paw edema test showed that there was a statistical difference in the control group in relation to the treatments. The formalin test did not confirm antinociceptive action of the treatments with the extract in the early phase of the test. However, statistical difference was confirmed for the treatments in relation to the control in the late phase. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Cipura paludosa preparations, as demonstrated in the results, at least partially support the ethno-medical uses of this plant.

Allho do mato (Cipura paludosa, Iridaceae) é uma planta medicinal encontrada na floresta Amazônica, norte do Brasil. Essa planta tem sido usada para tratar dores, processos inflamatórios e infecciosos. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a ação anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva do extrato bruto etanólico de Cipura paludosa, nas concentrações que variaram entre 2,0 e 4,0%, em formulações de cremes óleo e água de uso tópico. A estabilidade físico-química das formulações foi monitorada ao longo de um período de seis meses, com a aplicação de ensaios de estabilidade acelerada. A fim de avaliar as atividades anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva, utilizou-se um teste de edema de pata induzido por carragenina e um teste de formalina, respectivamente. O teste de edema de pata mostrou que houve uma diferença significativa no grupo controle em relação aos tratamentos. O teste da formalina não confirmou efeito antinociceptivo dos tratamentos com o extrato, na primeira fase do ensaio. No entanto, a diferença estatística foi confirmada para os tratamentos em relação ao controle na segunda fase. As atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória das preparações com Cipura paludosa confirmam de forma parcial o uso etno-médico desta planta.