Association between GLIM-diagnosed malnutrition and quality of life in older patients with cancer.

BACKGROUND: Older patients with cancer have a higher risk for malnutrition and impaired quality of life (QoL). The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between malnutrition diagnosed according to the Global Leadership Initiative Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and QoL across various tumor types, and to evaluate the combined prognostic value of malnutrition and QoL in predicting survival among older patients with cancer. METHODS: This multicenter, observational cohort study included 5310 older patients with cancer and 2184 with malnutrition (moderate stage, n = 1023; severe stage, n = 1161). An empirical cumulative distribution curve was performed to illustrate the correlation between malnutrition and QoL. The primary objective was to investigate the association between malnutrition and QoL using logistic regression analysis. Survival analyses were performed to assess the combined prognostic value of malnutrition and QoL. RESULTS: The median age of the patients (66.9% male, 33.1% female) was 70 years (interquartile range [IQR] 67-74 years) years. The median QoL score was highest in patients without malnutrition (91.88 [IQR 84.44-97.44]), followed by those with moderate (86.15 [IQR 76.18-93.85) and severe (82.31 [IQR 69.87-91.11]) malnutrition. Logistics regression revealed that the risk for developing impaired QoL increased 1.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64-2.38; P < 0.001) and 2.33 (95% CI 1.93-2.81; P < 0.001) times in patients with moderate and severe malnutrition, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that QoL in combination with GLIM criteria demonstrated a significant discriminative performance for survival and served as an independent prognostic factor among older patients with cancer, especially for lung and gastric cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition diagnosed according to the GLIM criteria was a predictor of impaired QoL. Additionally, the combination of QoL and malnutrition demonstrated utility for predicting survival outcomes in older patients with cancer.

Effects of low-level laser on the expression of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor‑α, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in human periodontal ligament cells / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aims to determine the effects of low-level laser (LLL) on the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) stimulated by high glucose; and identify the molecular mechanism of LLL therapy in the regulation of periodontal inflammation and bone remodeling during orthodontic treatment in diabetic patients.@*METHODS@#HPDLCs were cultured in vitro to simulate orthodontic after loading and irradiated with LLL therapy. The cultured cells were randomly divided into four groups: low glucose Dulbecco's modification of Eagle's medium (DMEM)+stress stimulation (group A), high glucose DMEM+stress stimulation (group B), hypoglycemic DMEM+LLL therapy+stress stimulation (group C), and hyperglycemic DMEM+LLL therapy+stress stimulation (group D). Groups C and D were further divided into C1 and D1 (energy density: 3.75 J/cm2) and C2 and D2 (energy density: 5.625 J/cm2). Cells in groups A, B, C, and D were irradiated by LLL before irradiation. At 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, the supernatants of the cell cultures were extracted at regular intervals, and the protein expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, OPG, and RANKL were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.@*RESULTS@#1) The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α secreted by HPDLCs increased gradually with time under static pressure stimulation. After 12 h, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α secreted by HPDLCs in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B, C1, and C2 (P<0.05), which in group B were significantly higher than those in groups D1, and D2 (P<0.01). 2) The OPG protein concentration showed an upward trend before 24 h and a downward trend thereafter. The RANKL protein concentration increased, whereas the OPG/RANKL ratio decreased with time. Significant differen-ces in OPG, RANKL, and OPG/RANKL ratio were found among group A and groups B, C1, C2 as well as group B and groups D1, D2 (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#1) In the high glucose+stress stimulation environment, the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α secreted by HPDLCs increased with time, the expression of OPG decreased, the expression of RANKL increased, and the ratio of OPG/RANKL decreased. As such, high glucose environment can promote bone resorption. After LLL therapy, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased, indicating that LLL therapy could antagonize the increase in the levels of inflammatory factors induced by high glucose environment and upregulate the expression of OPG in human HPDLCs, downregulation of RANKL expression in HPDLCs resulted in the upregulation of the ratio of OPG/RANKL and reversed the imbalance of bone metabolism induced by high glucose levels. 2) The decrease in inflammatory factors and the regulation of bone metabolism in HPDLCs were enhanced with increasing laser energy density within 3.75-5.625 J/cm2. Hence, the ability of LLL therapy to modulate bone remodeling increases with increasing dose.

Evaluation of myocardial microcirculation abnormalities in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by myocardial contrast echocardiography combined with exercise stress test / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To detect the abnormal changes of myocardial blood perfusion in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE) combined with exercise stress test.Methods:Twenty-seven patients with clinically diagnozed of asymmetric HCM in Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital from May 2020 to April 2021 were selected as the HCM group, and 29 healthy subjects during the same period were selected as the control group. All patients underwent routine echocardiography, resting and exercise stress MCE. The myocardial perfusion parameters of each segment of interventricular septum in the 2 groups were quantitatively analyzed: the peak plateau intensity (A value), ascending slope of the curve(β value) and value of A×β. According to the end-diastolic myocardial thickness, the interventricular septum of the HCM group was divided into hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic segments, and the myocardial contrast parameters of the interventricular septum of the study group were compared with those of the control group. The myocardial blood flow reserve value of the two groups were calculated, and the correlation of myocardial blood flow reserve value with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left ventricular remodeling index (LVRI) were analyzed.Results:No matter at rest or under stress, the A value, β value and A×β value of ventricular septal hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic segments in the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Under stress, the A value, β value and A×β value of interventricular septal hypertrophic segments were lower than those in non-hypertrophic segments in the HCM group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The myocardial blood flow reserve in the HCM group was negatively correlated with LVMI and LVRI( r=-0.899, -0.676; all P<0.001). Conclusions:In patients with HCM under resting and exercise stress, microcirculation disorders were found in both hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic segments of the ventricular wall, and the myocardial blood flow reserve was negatively correlated with LVMI and LVRI.

Effect of comprehensive intervention on ANGPTL2 and vascular endothelial function in obese male adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the effect of a comprehensive exercise intervention program combined with diet control on ANGPTL2 and vascular endothelial function in obese male adolescents, and to provide theoretual basis for exercise to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in obese male adolescents.@*Methods@#Forty two obese male adolescents and 10 healthy male adolescents were selected, a comprehensive intervention of 6 weeks of exercise combined with diet control was carried out on obese male adolescents, and changes in morphological function, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation level and vascular endothelial function were measured before and after the intervention.@*Results@#After 6 weeks of comprehensive intervention, the morphological and functional indicators of obese adolescents were significantly reduced:weight, BMI, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure ( P <0.05); blood lipid levels significantly decreased, including TC, TG and LDL-C ( P <0.05); inflammation levels significantly decreased, including TNF α and ANGPTL2 ( P <0.05); Vascular endothelial function significantly improved:RHI, NO/ET-1, NO, AI( P <0.05). Before and after 6 weeks of comprehensive intervention, the ANGPTL2 of obese adolescents was significantly correlated with weight ( r =0.37), BMI ( r =0.45), RHI ( r =-0.46), NO/ET-1 ( r =-0.41), NO( r =-0.45), and AI ( r =0.33)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The comprehensive intervention can effectively improve the morphological function, blood lipid level and vascular endothelial function of obese male adolescents, and reduce the circulating level of ANGPTL2. ANGPTL2 may be involved in the process of comprehensive intervention to improve the vascular endothelial function of obese adolescents.

Clinical value of fibroblast growth factor 19 in predicting gastrointestinal dysfunction in children with sepsis / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To assess the potential value of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) as predictors of gastrointestinal dysfunction in children with sepsis. Methods: A prospective study was conducted, and 101 pediatric patients diagnosed with sepsis and admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University were enrolled from January 2018 to December 2018. Eleven cases with missing serum FGF19 were excluded, and 90 cases were analyzed in this study. According to whether gastrointestinal dysfunction occurred in patients with sepsis during PICU hospitalization, patients were divided into two groups, including sepsis-associated ga-strointestinal dysfunction group (n=32) and sepsis without gastrointestinal dysfunction group (n=58). Serum FGF19 level was determined on PICU admission. The difference of serum FGF19 levels between the two groups were compared by using Mann-Whitney U test, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of FGF19 level with sepsis-associated ga-strointestinal dysfunction. Results: The total PICU mortality rate was 12.2% (11/90). There was a tendency for increased PICU mortality in patients with sepsis-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction compared with patients without gastrointestinal dysfunction, but without statistical significance (18.8% vs 8.6%, P=0.160). Serum FGF19 levels were significantly decreased in patients with sepsis-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction compared with patients without gastrointestinal dysfunction [48.4 (27.7, 95.6) μg/mL vs 77.6 (45.8, 151.2) μg/mL, P=0.046]. The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) for FGF19 predicting gastrointestinal dysfunction in pediatric patients with sepsis was 0.636 (95%CI 0.515-0.757), which was similar to the predictive capacity of procalcitonin [AUC=0.683 (95%CI 0.562-0.804), P=0.597]. In addition, serum FGF19 levels lower than 60 μg/mL on PICU admission indicated an increased risk of gastrointestinal dysfunction in pediatric patients with sepsis. Conclusion: Serum FGF19 is a novel predictor of gastrointestinal dysfunction in pediatric patients with sepsis.

[Surveillance of epidemic factors of schistosomiasis in wetlands in Sichuan Province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemic factors of schistosomiasis in wetlands in Sichuan Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in wetlands. METHODS: The artificial and natural wetlands were selected from Sichuan Province, and the relevant data regarding wetlands were collected. Routine snail survey, investigation on human morbidity due to schistosomiasis, snail diffusion experiments, questionnaire survey, determination of water infectivity and retrospective survey were conducted. RESULTS: In Sichuan Province, the mean densities of living snails were 0.003 snails/0.1 m2 and 2.033 snails/0.1 m2 in the upper and lower reaches of the Meiwan Reservoir wetlands, 0.08 snails/0.1 m2 in the Jinyan Lake of Guanghan City, 0.21 snails/0.1 m2 in Muhe River of Guanghan City, and 0.02 snails/0.1 m2 prior to the construction of Qiong-hai wetland park in Xichang City in 2015. Artificial simulation experiments showed that the largest distance of snail diffusion in water was 2 000 m. There were 8.80% (41/466) of subjects that lived neighboring wetlands, worked in wetlands and visited wet-lands having infested water contact behaviors. A total of 690 sentinel mice were assigned, and no Schistosoma japonicum infection was detected in the 677 mice dissected. Retrospective survey showed that the construction of the Meiwan Reservoir caused the spread of schistosomiasis in Dailing County, and snails were found in the ditches entering the Jinyan Lake and in Jinyan Lake areas 5 years following the construction of the Jinyan Lake in Guanghan City, with S. japonicum -infected snails detected in the ditches entering the Jinyan Lake. CONCLUSIONS: O. hupensis snails are found in some wetlands in Sichuan Province. Protection of wetlands and snail control with environmental improvements are recommended for the prevention of snail importation in natural wetlands, while in artificial wetlands, thorough snail control is recommended during the construction of the wetlands because of the likelihood of snail importation via water systems. In addition, both natural and artificial wetlands require long-term systematic surveillance of schistosomiasis.

Value of MORC2-IDH1 detection in molecular subtyping of glioblastoma patients treated with postoperative chemoradiotherapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of microrchidia 2(MORC2) in glioblastoma patients and to evaluate its prognostic value of MORC2 expression combined with IDH1 mutation status for chemoradiotherapy efficacy and new molecular subtype.Methods The expression level of MORC2 in 45 glioblastoma tissues was measured by immunohistochemical staining and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical prognosis after chemoradiotherapy was analyzed.Further more,the prognostic values of the expression of MORC2 combined with the status of IDH1 were assessed in a glioblastoma CGGA mRNA dataset.Results High expression of MORC2 was observed in 76％ of glioblastoma patients,which was negatively correlated with overall survival (HR=2.928,95％CI:1.582-5.418,P=0.002;recurrence-free survival (HR=2.204,95％CI:1.186-4.095,P=0.022).Moreover,according to the prognosis value of MORC2 expression and IDH1 mutation status,glioblastoma patients were divided into 3 molecular subtypes.Patients with the subtype of IDH1mt/MORC2low obtained the best clinical prognosis with a median survival of 22 months (95％CI:13.98-30.02),whereas those with the subtype of IDH1wt/MORC2high obtained the worst clinical prognosis with a median survival of 5.63 months (95％CI:3.92-7.34,HR=4.15,95％CI:3.92-7.34,P=0.002).Among IDH1wt glioblastoma patients,MORC2high patients had worse clinical prognosis compared with MORC2low counterparts,prompting that IDH1wt/ MORC2high glioblastoma tissues yielded higher capability of DNA injury repairing and resistance to chemoradiotherapy.Conclusions The high expression of MORC2 can be used as a potential indicator of poor prognosis of glioblastoma patients after chemoradiotherapy.IDH 1 mutation status combined with MORC2 expression can establish a novel molecular subtyping,which provide evidence for stratified therapy for glioblastoma patients.

Surveillance of epidemic factors of schistosomiasis in wetlands in Sichuan Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemic factors of schistosomiasis in wetlands in Sichuan Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in wetlands. Methods The artificial and natural wetlands were selected from Sichuan Province, and the relevant data regarding wetlands were collected. Routine snail survey, investigation on human morbidity due to schistosomiasis, snail diffusion experiments, questionnaire survey, determination of water infectivity and retrospective survey were conducted. Results In Sichuan Province, the mean densities of living snails were 0.003 snails/0.1 m2 and 2.033 snails/0.1 m2 in the upper and lower reaches of the Meiwan Reservoir wetlands, 0.08 snails/0.1 m2 in the Jinyan Lake of Guanghan City, 0.21 snails/0.1 m2 in Muhe River of Guanghan City, and 0.02 snails/0.1 m2 prior to the construction of Qiong-hai wetland park in Xichang City in 2015. Artificial simulation experiments showed that the largest distance of snail diffusion in water was 2 000 m. There were 8.80% (41/466) of subjects that lived neighboring wetlands, worked in wetlands and visited wet-lands having infested water contact behaviors. A total of 690 sentinel mice were assigned, and no Schistosoma japonicum infection was detected in the 677 mice dissected. Retrospective survey showed that the construction of the Meiwan Reservoir caused the spread of schistosomiasis in Dailing County, and snails were found in the ditches entering the Jinyan Lake and in Jinyan Lake areas 5 years following the construction of the Jinyan Lake in Guanghan City, with S. japonicum -infected snails detected in the ditches entering the Jinyan Lake. Conclusions O. hupensis snails are found in some wetlands in Sichuan Province. Protection of wetlands and snail control with environmental improvements are recommended for the prevention of snail importation in natural wetlands, while in artificial wetlands, thorough snail control is recommended during the construction of the wetlands because of the likelihood of snail importation via water systems. In addition, both natural and artificial wetlands require long-term systematic surveillance of schistosomiasis.

Surveillance of epidemic factors of schistosomiasis in wetlands in Sichuan Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemic factors of schistosomiasis in wetlands in Sichuan Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in wetlands. Methods The artificial and natural wetlands were selected from Sichuan Province, and the relevant data regarding wetlands were collected. Routine snail survey, investigation on human morbidity due to schistosomiasis, snail diffusion experiments, questionnaire survey, determination of water infectivity and retrospective survey were conducted. Results In Sichuan Province, the mean densities of living snails were 0.003 snails/0.1 m2 and 2.033 snails/0.1 m2 in the upper and lower reaches of the Meiwan Reservoir wetlands, 0.08 snails/0.1 m2 in the Jinyan Lake of Guanghan City, 0.21 snails/0.1 m2 in Muhe River of Guanghan City, and 0.02 snails/0.1 m2 prior to the construction of Qiong-hai wetland park in Xichang City in 2015. Artificial simulation experiments showed that the largest distance of snail diffusion in water was 2 000 m. There were 8.80% (41/466) of subjects that lived neighboring wetlands, worked in wetlands and visited wet-lands having infested water contact behaviors. A total of 690 sentinel mice were assigned, and no Schistosoma japonicum infection was detected in the 677 mice dissected. Retrospective survey showed that the construction of the Meiwan Reservoir caused the spread of schistosomiasis in Dailing County, and snails were found in the ditches entering the Jinyan Lake and in Jinyan Lake areas 5 years following the construction of the Jinyan Lake in Guanghan City, with S. japonicum -infected snails detected in the ditches entering the Jinyan Lake. Conclusions O. hupensis snails are found in some wetlands in Sichuan Province. Protection of wetlands and snail control with environmental improvements are recommended for the prevention of snail importation in natural wetlands, while in artificial wetlands, thorough snail control is recommended during the construction of the wetlands because of the likelihood of snail importation via water systems. In addition, both natural and artificial wetlands require long-term systematic surveillance of schistosomiasis.

Therapeutic effect of improved macular hole surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AIM:To compared the therapeutic effect of improved macular hole surgery to traditional macular hole surgery for idiopathic macular hole (IMH).· METHODS:From April 2014 to June 2017,28 eyes of 28 IMH patients who were treated in our hospital were selected consecutively and received surgical treatment independently performed by the same physician in our hospital.The patients were divided into A (traditional group) and B (improvement group) groups.All 13 cases in Group A were treated with traditional vitrectomy internal limiting membrane peeling and C3 F8 tamponade,while all 15 cases in Group B were treated with improved indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling combined with macular hole reconstruction and air tamponade.All patients were reviewed at 1wk,1,3,and 6mo after surgery.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after the operation,operation time,closure rate of the macular hole during the last review and prone time were compared between the two groups of patients.· RESULTS:There was no significant difference in closure rate between the two groups (P＞ 0.05).Postoperative BCVA increased in both groups compared with preoperatively and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).But there was no significant difference on BCVA between the two groups both preoperatively and postoperatively (P ＞ 0.05).The operation time in Group B was significantly shorter than that in Group A (P＜0.05).Prone time in Group B was significantly shorter than that in Group A,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).· CONCLUSION:This study shows that compared with the traditional group,the improved indocyanine green-assisted peeling of internal limiting membrane combined with macular hole reconstruction and air tamponade can achieve similarly high closure rates while the operation procedure was simplified and the operation time was shortened.Reduced number of instruments into and out of the incision can reduce the incidence of complications.The postoperative patient's prone time is significantly shortened,with high comfort and good compliance.

Application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic model in toxicology of nanomaterials:research advances / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is established based on the information of existing human or other animal anatomy, knowledge of physiology and biochemical data. The model uses mathematical methods to simulate chemicals′process of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in the body, in order to achieve the dose and interspecific extrapolation and to predict the chemical level in the specific organ at the specific time. In studies on toxicology of nanomaterials, the PBPK models in the silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles and polymer nanomaterials are gradually established. PBPK modeling can not only provide information on the dynamic change of nanomaterials in the body, but is of great significance for to quantitative evaluation of biological safety of nanomaterials. PBPK modeling will be a hot spot for research in the field of nanotoxicology.

Astragalus polysaccharide improves type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats by protecting islet β cells / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the function and quantity of islet β cells in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, T2DM model group and APS treatment group, with 8 rats in each group. The T2DM rats in the T2DM model group was induced by the combination of high fat diet and streptozotocin, and the rats in the APS treatment group was treated with APS (700 mg·kg-1·d-1, content of APS being 70%). The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks of drug intervention, and the serum samples were collected to measure fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and fasting insulin (FINS), and to calculate insulin secretion index (HOMA-β value). Pancreas tissues were extracted and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin to observe the pancreatic histopathological characteristics, and the quantity of islet β cells was observed and calculated with immuno-histochemical method. Results (1) Compared with the normal control group, the rats in T2DM model group had significant increases in the FBG, TG and LDL-C, and significant decreases in the HDL-C, FINS and HOMA-β (P<0.05); compared with the T2DM model group, the rats in APS treatment group had significant decreases in the FBG, TG and LDL-C (P<0.05), and significant increases in the FINS and HOMA-β (P<0.05). (2) Compared with the normal control group, the rats in T2DM model group showed a significant atrophy of the islet accompanied by loss of granular and vacuolar degeneration, and the number of the islet β cells was significantly reduced (P<0.05); compared with the T2DM model group, the rats in APS treatment group showed a significant increase in the islet volume accompanied by improvement of islet degranulation and vacuolar degeneration, and had a significant increase in the number of islet β cells (P<0.05). Conclusion APS can improve the glucose and lipid metabolisms of the T2DM rats, which may be caused by increasing insulin secretion through the protective effect on pancreatic islet β cells.

Influencing Factors of Unintentional Injuries among the Left-behind Children in a Poverty County in Yunnan Province / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To explore risk factors of unintentional injury among left-behind children in a rural poverty county and to provide evidence for injury intervention.Methods 2 909 students,including 1 630 left-behind children,were recruited from a poor counties of five schools by Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method,and were surveyed applying designed questionnaire,interview method and observation method to collect the data of the injury accidents and related factors in the last one year.Results The incidence of unintentional injury among the left-behind children in rural area was 34.0％,higher than the rate of 27.7％ among non-left-behind children and the difference was statistically significant (c2 =13.541,P＜0.05);in the top five injury type were falling injury (14.0％),burus (5.6％) and sharp instrument injury (3.6％),bite (3.0％),parts (1.6％) among left-behind children.Low age,often miss my mother,fighting in school,outdoor activities,road and traffic state were risk factors for injury of left-behind children.Corcltsion The unintentional injury of left-behind children has become a social problem that can not be ignored,and targeted intervention should be carried out.

The efficacy and safety of caspofungin in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fungal infections / 中国基层医药

Objective To study and analyze the efficacy and safety of caspofungin in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients complicated with pulmonary fungal infections.Methods 62 patients of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary fungal infec-tions were randomly divided into study group and control group,31 cases in each group.Study group was intravenously given caspofungin,with an initial dose of 70mg/d,follow 50mg/d.The control group was intravenously given liposomal amphotericin B,dose control in 3mg? kg-1 ? d-1 .After treatment lasted symptoms 5d,clinical efficacy and side effects of two groups were recorded.Results The effective rate of the study group was 67.74%,which was signifi-cantly higher than 41.93% of the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 =2.0251, P =0.0429).The incidence rate of adverse reactions of the study group was 16.13%,which was significantly lower than 48.39% of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =2.6948,P =0.0070).After treatment, liver and kidney function parameters in the control group such as ALT,AST,BUN,Cr had significant differences com-pared with before treatment (P <0.05).Conclusion For chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients complicated with acute exacerbation of pulmonary fungal infection,the treatment efficacy and the incidence of adverse reactions of caspofungin therapy are significantly better than liposomal amphotericin B,and has small renal damage,which is wor-thy of clinical application.

Research on advance of health effects of nanoparticles on air pollution in China / 中华预防医学杂志

The adverse health effects of fine particles in the air pollution has been confirmed, and health consequences induced by ultrafine particles (mass media aerodynamic diameter < 0.1 micrometer), which was also known as nanoparticles, was drawing an increasing attention by researchers. Firstly, this review discussed the sources and physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles in the atmosphere in China. And then we focused on the biological effects and potential toxicity mechanisms of some common nanoparticles in the atmosphere on the major tissues and organs. Finally, the research focus of the nano particles in air pollutants was also presented.

QSAR method and its application to toxicity prediction of metal nanomaterials / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Quantitative structure activity relationship ( QSAR ) study attempts to correlate chemical structure with activity using statistical approaches and is now being applied to high throughput toxicity screening and prediction of nanomaterials. This paper is interded to discuss the present QSAR study methods of nanomaterials based on traditional QSAR study, such as the use of measurement instrument and quantum chemistry methods of structure descriptor selection, evaluation criteria for the quality of published experimental data on nanomaterials, modeling methods such as K-nearest neighbor ( KNN) and support vector machine(SVM), validation methods such as leave-one-out(LOO) and leave-N-out ( LNO) . We also review the problems and challenges existing in this area and predict future development.

Research advance in neurotoxicity of quantum dots / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

As quantum dots( QDs),an advanced porduct of nanotechnology,have been widely used in bio-medicine due to their unique photoelectric properties. QD safety evaluation has become a hot area of research. So far,some researchers have expressed concern about the neurotoxic potential of QDs because the central nervous system was confirmed to be one of the target organs. Several studies found that QDs could enter the central nervous system by crossing the blood brain barrier and following neural pathways and produce some neurotoxic effects,such as damaging the structure and function of neural cells and impairing synaptic plasticity. The potential toxicity mechanisms could include oxidative stress,inflammation and change of ion channels.

Clinical application of BCR/ABL probes in myeloproliferative disorders / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to explore the application value of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detection in differential diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD) and Ph(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+) ALL), as well as in dynamic monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) after treatment. The BCR/ABL fusion gene of newly diagnosed and treated cases was detected by using BCR/ABL (ES) probe and BCR/ABL (DF) probe respectively. The results showed that among 49 newly diagnosed cases considered as CMPD, 28 cases met the criterion of CML morphologically, out of them 23 cases were eventually diagnosed to be CML and with morphological consistent rate 82.1% (23/28), the sensitivity and specificity all were 100% (23/23). The BCR/ABL positive rate of eventually diagnosed cases was 81.3% ± 17.7%. Among 13 cases received allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), 9 cases achieved long-term disease-free survival and 4 cases relapsed, the several monitoring for whom after donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) and imatinib treatment or allo-HSCT showed BCR/ABL negative. Among 16 cases treated with imatinib, 11 cases remained BCR/ABL negative after 1 year; 5 cases showed BCR/ABL positive during 6, 7 and 10 years after treatment, respectively, but out of them BCR/ABL positive in 1 case turned negative after allo-HSCT. It is concluded that the FISH is sensitive and specific diagnostic technique, the detection of BCR/ABL fusion gene in newly diagnosed and treated cases by using 2 different probes can help to fast and accurately determine the differential diagnosis for CML and Ph(+) ALL, and dynamically monitor the MRD after treatment with imatinib and allo-HSCT.

Cognitive attitude of medical students towards standardized resident training in Shanghai in a university / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the attitude of medical students towards standardized resident training in Shanghai and to provide references for policy adjustment.Methods Self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the attitude of 267 clinical medical students towards standardized resident training in Shanghai.Reference reviewing and expert consultation were also performed.Results Nearly eighty percent of students believed that they had basic knowledge of the training.Two thirds of students hold objective attitude towards the policy.Conclusions Income and pressure in finding jobs are the main reasons why students object the policy.Standardized resident training program need to improve in aspects of advertisement,incoming,quality of teaching staff,connection between medical education and training.