[The laboratory specialist and clinical interpretation of laboratory results].

The requirements of standards concerning content of laboratory consulting services, including and discussion about individual clinical cases. The information about grounds of interpretation of results of laboratory analyses is presented. The methods of comparison with reference intervals values and decision thresholds, evaluation of effects of various types of non-pathogenic variations, including pharmaceuticals took by patient are considered. The unacceptability of conventional evaluation of obtained results and necessity of individual approach in clinical decision making is emphasized. The particular attention is paid to responsibility of laboratory for urgent informing of clinicians about detected critical alterations of laboratory indicators in patients with high risk of unfavorable outcome. The article presents information about literary sources based both on recommendations of laboratory specialists concerning interpretation and application of laboratory tests and on evaluation of significance of laboratory information under various forms of pathology by leading representatives of clinical disciplines.

[The shortcomings of technical regulation in sphere of circulation of medical devices for diagnostic in vitro in the Russian Federation: the state of affairs and proposed solutions].

The article presents analysis of international and national trends in area of development of normative legal documents in sphere of circulation of medical devices for diagnostic in vitro. The comparative analysis was made concerning certain principles of formation of nomenclature of medical devices for diagnostic in vitro in the international practice and in the Russian Federation. The necessity of reformation of national normative legal base in this issue is demonstrated.

[The point-of-care testing and security of patient: advantages and risks].

The point-of-care testing obtains growing prevalence in medical practice due to application of portative analytical devices of advanced technologies. The advantages of these devises are more prompt analysis results and more simple procedure of application disposable for duplication by laymen. However, in practical work, are obvious the shortcomings related to direct and potential risks for patient in case of using unreliable analysis results as a validation of implementation of treatment measures harmful for patient. Under implementation and application of point-of-care testing the ratio advantages/risks is to be carefully assessed.

The risk of photochemical reactions.

In January 1987, an incident occurred at a petrochemical complex in Salavat, Russia. The incident resulted in the poisoning of 17 people by the products of photochemical smog. This paper describes the incident and discusses the possibility of chemical reactions that pose toxic hazardous situations for chemical plant personnel. Pollutants present in the atmosphere as a result of continuous releases can result in the formation of toxic substances and the poisoning of people, even when permissible levels of concentrations are not exceeded for the initial pollutants. In addition, this paper addresses the need to consider the possibility of secondary chemical reactions in the environment while planning chemical plant activity.

[Participation of adrenal hormones in the genesis of arterial hypertension of hypothalamic origin]. / Ob uchastii gormonov nadpochechnikov v geneze arterial'noi gipertenzii gipotalamicheskogo proiskhozhdeniia

Continuous many-hour stimulation of the hypothalamic negative emotiogenic centres (ventromedial nuclei) evoked a stable arterial hypertension with a peculiar phasic dynamics of the adrenal secretory activity in waking immobilized rabbits. Bilateral extirpation of the adrenal glands decreased the initial level of the average arterial pressure, inhibiting development of stable arterial hypertension. Many-hour stimulation of the mentioned structures also produced stable arterial hypertension in adrenalectomized rabbits if preceded by the administration of hydrocortisone together with adrenaline. Against the background of separate administration of hydrocortisone and adrenaline to adrenalectomized rabbits, many-hour stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus evoked a short-term rise in the arterial pressure. A conclusion was drawn that activation of hormones of the adrenal cortical and medullary layers played an important part in the formation of stable arterial hypertension in rabbits under continuous many-hour stimulation of the hypothalamic negative emotiogenic centres.

[Change in catecholamine and acetylcholine concentration in myocardial tissue in assisted circulation]. / Izmenenie kontsentratsii katekholaminov i atsetikholina v tkani miokarda pri vspomogatel'nom krovoobrashchenii

The authors stress the importance of reactions associated with the concentration of biologically active substances in the body tissues, in particular their influence on the contractility and escitability of the heart muscle. They cite the results consequent upon a study on the catecholamines and acetylcholine content in the myocardial tissue of the left ventricle and left auricle of the heart before and after institution of an auxilliary circulation effected with the aid of a valveless pump connected to the subclavicular artery in 22 dogs. An analysis of the results demonstrated that by producing counter-pulsation with the pump the concentration of catecholamines and acetylcholine in the tissues of the left head diminishes, but the fall of the catecholamines concentration does not reach the level typical of cardiac insufficiency. The authors believe that investigations of this kind may help elaborate optimal conditions and a permissible duration of the auxilliary circulation.