[Potentiation of the antiviral activity of human interferons by virazole in in vitro experiments]. / Potentsirovanie antivirusnoi aktivnosti chelovecheskikh interferonov virazolom v opytakh in vitro.

Combination of interferon and virazole results in potentiation of their antiviral activity. This was demonstrated with all three types of natural interferons and the recombinant RL-2-interferon. This effect is retained at a temperature of 37 degrees C and increases when the chemical drug is combined with a mixture of alpha- and gamma-interferon.

[Use of filter-adsorbed enterotoxins for isolating human immune interferon]. / Ispol'zovanie énterotoksinov, adsorbirovannykh na fil'trakh, dlia polucheniia immunnogo interferona cheloveka.

The use of A and B enterotoxins of St. aureus adsorbed on Millipore nitrocellulose filters for induction of donor blood leukocytes resulted in production of immune interferon free of the inducer. The interferon produced by this method is acid-labile and inactivated by antiserum to human immune interferon but not to human leukocyte interferon. The advantage of this type of induction consists in the possibility of multiple use of the filters with adsorbed enterotoxins.

[Formation of an acid-labile interferon induced in human leukocytes by the influenza virus]. / Obrazovanie kislotolabil'nogo interferona, indutsirovannogo v leikotsitakh krovi cheloveka virusom grippa.

Predominantly acid-labile interferon was produced by treatment with influenza virus (inducer) of a portion of leukocytes followed by their addition to the main cell pool. This interferon could be detected by treatment of the material with antiserum to the inducer virus and ultracentrifugation. This treatment completely eliminated the activity of the virus-inducer present in the material. Typing of the acid-labile interferon with the employment of antisera to alpha and gamma interferons demonstrated its belonging to the alpha type.

[Interferonogenicity of the bacterial lysates in human and murine cell cultures]. / Interferonogennost' bakterial'nykh lizatov v kul'turakh kletok cheloveka i myshei.

The antibacterial JRS vaccine was found to be capable of inducing interferon production in human peripheral blood leukocytes and mouse bone marrow cells. The vaccine induced no interferon in L-929 cells or human diploid M-19 cells. Interferon appeared in the culture fluid within 4-6 hours after induction and reached the maximum levels in 18-24 hours. One-hour contact of the vaccine with leukocytes was sufficient for interferon induction. The interferon generated in human blood leukocytes was partially stable at pH 2.2; heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min reduced its activity 4-fold; antiserum to alpha-interferon inhibited it.

[Production of gamma and alpha interferons by human blood leukocytes in sequential induction]. / Produktisiia gamma- i al'fa-interferona leikotsitami krovi cheloveka v usloviiakh posledovatel'noi induktsii.

A schedule for human gamma and alpha interferon production by successive administration, at 2-3-day intervals, of the proper inducers (phytohemagglutinin and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), or staphylococcal enterotoxin A and NDV) into the same suspensions of peripheral blood leukocytes has been proposed. The schedule may be used in laboratory practice and manufacture.

[Action of human leukocyte and immune interferons on the reproduction and cytopathogenic effect of the encephalomyocarditis virus in mice]. / Deistvie leikotsitarnogo i immunnogo interferonov cheloveka na reproduktsiiu i tsitopatogennyi éffekt virusa éntsefalomiokardita myshei.

A comparative study of the antiviral effect of human immune and leukocyte interferons in homologous diploid cells showed that the resistant condition of the cells produced by interferon depended on the type and concentration of the inhibitor, its presence in the culture medium and time of action on the cells. Reproduction of EMC virus and its cytopathic effect were inhibited to a much greater extent when the cells were treated with leukocyte interferon. The resistance of the cells in both cases was evident as early as one hour after their contact with interferon. The resistance of the cells induced by leukocyte interferon was of longer duration than after induction with immune interferon (greater than 72 h and approximately 48 h, respectively).

[Enhancement of the phagocytic activity of the mononuclear cells of human blood by homologous interferons]. / Usilenie fagotsitiruiushchei aktivnosti mononuklearnykh kletok krovi cheloveka gomologichnymi interferonami.

Treatment of human blood mononuclear cells with homologous alpha-, beta-, and gamma-interferons enhanced to an approximately similar degree the phagocytosis of 51Cr-labeled sheep red cells. Examination of the dose-dependence of this effect with concentrated alpha-interferon showed the maximum effect to be achieved with approximately 1000 units of the preparation.

[Formation of immune (gamma) interferon induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin and phytohemagglutinin]. / Obrazovanie immunnogo (gamma) interferona, indutsirovannogo stafilokokkovym énterotoksinom i fitogemaggliutininom.

Some conditions of production of human and mouse immune interferon induced by phytohemagglutinin and a national preparation of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) were studied. The latter was shown to be suitable for use as an inducer of this type of interferon. Production of mouse immune interferon could be increased by using a mixture of spleen and peritoneal exudate cells. Interferon production induced by SEA was also higher in spleen cells of mice immunized with BCG.

[Mouse macrophage interferons]. / Makrofagal'nye interferony myshei.

Mouse peritoneal macrophages produce two types of interferon: type 1 interferon resistant to pH 2.0 is produced in response to the inoculation of virus and poly(I) . poly(C), type 2 interferon (immune), sensitive to pH 2.0 is induced by phytohemagglutinin and is formed due to phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes treated with specific antiserum. The virus-induced interferon is produced by macrophages very rapidly (maximum within 1-2 hours), and the antiviral state resulting from it develops within 1-3 hours after inoculation of the inducer. Immunization of mice as well as pretreatment of macrophages with small doses of interferon did not affect their interferon-synthesizing activity. Type 2 interferon produced a marked antiproliferative effect in L cell culture.

[Antiviral and anticellular activity of human leukocytic and fibroblastic interferons in homo- and heterologous cells]. / Antivirusnaia i antikletochnaia aktivnost' leikotsitarnogo i fibroblastnogo interfronov v gomo- i geterologicheskikh kletkakh.

Investigations of the antiviral and antiproliferative activities of human alpha and beta interferons were carried out in homologous and heterologous cell cultures (EBTr and TR - human embryo trachea cells). Both interferons were shown to inhibit the cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus and incorporation of 3H-thymidine in homologous cells. In heterologous cells of bovine embryo trachea the antiviral and antiproliferative effect was observed only with human alpha interferon.

[Feasibility of using human spleen cells to produce interferon]. / Vozmozhnost' ispol'zovaniia kletok selezenki liudei dlia produktsii interferona.

Spleen cells of subjects who died suddenly are capable of producing large amounts of interferon in response to induction with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Sendai virus (1-2.5 IU per 1000 cells). The optimal conditions for interferon production by these cells include using NDV, the H strain, as an inducer in a dose of 10 ID50/cell and fresh spleen cells stored no more than 24 hours at 4-6 degrees C in a concentration of 0.5-1.0 x 10(7)/ml, with the incubation time of 20-24 hours. It is recommended that spleen cells from subjects who died suddenly be used for human interferon production.

Stimulation by calcium chloride of virus-induced interferon formation by blood, haemopoietic organ and continuous human cells.

Calcium chloride stimulated virus-induced production of leukocyte interferon by human and animal blood and haemopoietic organ cells. CaCl2 treatment of surviving cells (leukocytes, human and mouse bone marrow) and Namalva cells was the most effective when carried out simultaneously with adsorption of the virus-inducer or when CaCl2 pretreatment was combines with its subsequent addition together with the virus-inducer. Optimal CaCl2 concentrations were 5 mM for human bone marrow cells and 10 mM for human leukocytes and mouse bone marrow cells. CaCl2 treatment was equivalent to priming in case of interferon induction in human leukocytes and, as distinct from priming, it considerably increased virus-induced interferon production by Namalva cells.

[Comparative study of the interferon-inducing capacity of Newcastle disease and Sendai viruses in human and animal bone marrow cells]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie interferonogennosti virusov bolezni N'iukasl i Sendai v kletkakh kostnogo mozga cheloveka i zhivotnykh.

Sendai and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) induced high and approximately similar interferon production in bone marrow cells of man, rats, and mice. In contrast to NDV, Sendai virus induced no interferon production in chick bone marrow cells. Interferon production by the bone marrow cells did not differ in its time course and requirements from production of leukocyte interferon.

[Antiviral activity of murine interferons produced by bacterial and animal cell translation of messenger RNA]. / Antivirusnaia aktivnost' myshinykh interferonov, poluchennykh v usloviiakh transliatsii informatsionnoi RNK dlia interferona bakteriiami i kletkami zhivotnykh.

Interferon was produced by E. Coli bacteria and animal cell messenger-RNA--interferon translation (mRNA--IF). The activity of the interferon produced by simultaneous mRNA--IF translation in these two cellular systems was, approximately, similar. The interferons translated by bacteria and animal cells inhibited the cytopathic effect, reproduction and plaque-formation of vesicular stomatitis virus, and, to a greater extent, of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus. The virus titration was carried out by the dye-uptake method. The bacteria-translated interferon (BTIF) was more susceptible to the indicator-virus dose variation and had antiviral effect of shorter duration than the virus-induced and animal cell-translated interferon. The BTIF, probably, due to the action of bacterial proteolytic enzymes proved nonstable on storage.

[Interferon-producing activity of bone marrow cells treated with mRNA for interferon when transplanted to irradiated mice]. / Interferonprodutsiruiushchaia aktivnost' kletok kostnogo mozga, obrabotannykh iRNK dlia interferona, pri transplantatsii ikh obluchennym mysham.

Inoculation into irradiated (800--850 r) mice of syngeneic bone marrow cells treated with mRNA for interferon (mRNA-If) obtained from chick cells induced with UV-irradiated Newcastle disease virus was accompanied by the appearance in the blood of the animals of a substance with the properties of interferon, inhibiting the cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus in chick embryo cells but not in mouse L cells. Chicken interferon was detected in the blood of the experimental animals for 7--10 days after transplantation of mRNA-If-treated cells.

[Comparative study of interferon production in mice with the graft versus host reaction]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie produktsii interferona u myshei s reaktsiei transplantat protiv khoziaina.

Mice with graft versus host reaction (GVHR) show a decreased production of serum interferon and that produced by the bone marrow and spleen cells and blood leukocytes in vitro upon inoculation with Newcastle disease virus. Interferon induction with lipopolysaccharide of Flexner bacteria resulted in activation of production of serum interferon and that induced in spleen cell and blood leukocyte suspensions. Serum interferon production after administration of poly(I) . poly(C) was similar in mice with GVHR and controls.

The course of influrenza infection in mice with graft-versus-host reaction.

The course of influenza infection in mice with a developed graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) was changed. Due to disturbances in the inflammatory process the pneumonia was delayed and less marked. Consequently, the infected mice died later than controls. Influenza virus reproduction in the lungs was more intensive and its persistence more prolonged. Interferon production in the lungs of mice with GVHR was similar to that in the controls.