[Retrograde nephrostomy in the treatment of kidney stones]. / Retrogradnaia nefrostomiia v lechenii kamnei pochek.

Transcutaneous nephrolithotomy is widely used in management of nephrolithiasis. The outcome of the intervention is largely due to successful establishment of nephrostoma. For this purpose retrograde nephrostomy was employed in 7 nephrolithiasis patients. Relevant technique is described for primary and recurrent disease. Its indications involve absence of calyceal-pelvic dilation, obesity, pararenal cicatrices. The manipulation appeared beneficial in all the cases. Retrograde nephrostomy is considered an alternative to antegrade nephrostomy in the treatment of nephrolithiasis.

[Control of the radiation protection of medical personnel during transcutaneous nephro-ureterolithotomy]. / Kontrol' radiatsionnoi zashchity meditsinskogo personala pri chreskozhnoi nefroureterolitotomii.

The authors describe methods to ensure radiation safety of medical personnel, used in transcutaneous nephro-ureterolithotomy. The results of measurements of an exposure dose rate and calculations of an equivalent dose are presented. They do not exceed standard maximum permissible doses.

[The diagnostic value of simultaneous excretory urography and transuterine pelvic phlebography in a urodynamic study of the upper urinary tract]. / Diagnosticheskaia tsennost' odnovremennoi ékskretornoi urografii i chrezmatochnoi flebografii taza v izuchenii urodinamiki verkhnikh mochevykh putei.

A total of 78 females whose complaints failed to fit the scope of known urological and gynecological disorders were under study. Beside the routine patterns, the multiple modality diagnostic technique included radionuclide investigation of the kidneys, determination of the hormonal profile, thermographic examination of inner genital organs, echo scanning of the kidneys and genital organs, hysterosalpingography, simultaneous performance of excretory urography and transuterine pelvic phlebography. X-ray anatomical examinations revealed that the lower part of the ureter was entangled by vaginouterine veins. The side of urodynamic disorders corresponded to that of more manifest varicosis. In those with bilateral disorders more manifest dilatation of the upper urinary tract was noted on the side where varicosis was more pronounced. Based on the data analysis, the authors concluded that simultaneous uro- and phlebographic examinations not only revealed the status of the upper urinary tract, intra- and extraorganic venous systems but promoted a reliable detection of the reasons for urodynamic disorders: the compression due to the enlarged disposed organ or dilated venous vessels. The data on the agreement between of the varicosis-affected side and that of the urine passage through the upper tract was impaired in all patterns of "pelvic varicocele" enables one to reveal some pathogenetic urodynamic failures in females. It can be concluded that simultaneous excretory urography and transuterine pelvic phlebography provide an extensive information on the upper urinary tract, internal genital organs and the pelvic venous system. The method is easily performed in the outpatient settings, avoids serious complications and can be regarded as a prospective additional technique for the examination of females with a gynecological history during urological care.