Effect of audiovisual distraction on children's behaviour, anxiety and pain in the dental setting.

AIM: To evaluate whether the parental perception of the patient's anxiety, children's anxiety, pain, behaviour and heart rate of paediatric patients improves when an audiovisual technique is used as a distraction method during dental treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This non-randomised crossover trial was performed with 34 patients aged 6-8 years, who required a minimum of two treatment visits for restorative therapy. During the last visit, the patient was shown a cartoon film. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in the global behaviour when children were shown a cartoon film (P < 0.001). A significant increase in heart rate was recorded in both visits (P = 0.0001) when the anaesthetic was injected. A 97% of the sample would like to continue seeing their chosen film during subsequent visits. No statistically significant differences were found (P > 0.05) between the visits in terms of parental perception of the patient's anxiety, or the patient's self-reported anxiety, pain and heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the audiovisual material used as a method of distraction produces a global improvement in patient behaviour, but not in parental perception of the patient's anxiety, self-reported anxiety, pain or heart rate according to the measurement scales used. This material is also highly accepted by paediatric patients.

Lima de permeabilidad: capacidad de centrado y deformación. Estudio in vitro / Patency File: Centring ability and deformation. An in vitro study

Objetivo. Evaluar el transporte y la capacidad de centrado del foramen mayor, después de utilizar las limas K#10 de acero inoxidable y las limas C-Pilot como limas de permeabilidad. Material y métodos. Se emplearon veintiocho conductos mesiovestibulares de primeros molares mandibulares y maxilares, que fueron divididos en dos grupos de 14 muestras cada uno. Las limas K#10 de acero inoxidable y C-Pilot#10 se utilizaron como instrumentos de permeabilidad en los grupos A y B respectivamente. El foramen mayor fue fotografiado antes y después de realizar la permeabilización de cada conducto. Las imágenes fueron superpuestas con el programa Photoshop y analizadas con el programa Autocad. Los parámetros que se evaluaron fueron la cantidad de transporte, la capacidad de centrado, el área y el perímetro. La capacidad de centrado y el transporte fueron calculados en dos direcciones: dirección de máxima curvatura (MC) y dirección vertical a máxima curvatura (VC). El análisis estadístico se realizó con el test de Anova. Resultados. No encontramos diferencias significativas entre ambos instrumentos en la capacidad de centrado y la cantidad de deformación en cada una de las direcciones evaluadas (MC y VC) (p > 0,05). Encontramos diferencias significativas en el área entre los grupos A y B (p = 0,03) y en el perímetro entre ambos grupos (p = 0,029). Conclusiones. No encontramos diferencias significativas en la cantidad de deformación y la capacidad de centrado de las limas K#10 de acero inoxidable y las limas C-Pilot cuando fueron utilizadas como instrumentos de permeabilidad (AU)

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate root canal transportation and centring ability at the major foramen through the use of stainless steel size 10 K-Flex files and size 10 C-pilot files when used as patency files. Matherials and Methods. Twenty-eight mesiobuccal Canals of maxillary and mandibular first molars were divided into two groups of 14 canals each. Size 10 stainless steel K-Flex files and size 10 C-Pilot files were used as patency instruments in groups A and B respectively. The major foramen was photographed before and after instrumentation. The images were superimposed and then evaluated using Adobe Photoshop and Autocad. The parameters evaluated were canal transportation, centring ability perimeter and area. Transportation and centring ability were calculated in two directions: the direction of maximum curvature (MC) and a direction vertical to the maximum curvature (VC). The statistical analysis was perfomed using Anova test. Results. No significant differences were observed amongst the different instruments with respect to centring ability and transportation in either direction (P >0,05). Significant differences were observed in the area between groups A and B (P = 0.03) and in the perimeter between groups A and B (P = 0.029). Conclusions. No statistical differences were found in transportation and centring ability when size 10 K-file and size 10 C-Pilot file were used as patency file (AU)

Objective and subjective measures for assessing anxiety in paediatric dental patients.

AIM: Anxiety has been defined as a nonspecific feeling of apprehension towards a concrete situation that does not necessarily involve a previous experience. Dental anxiety can prevent patients from cooperating fully during dental treatment. Given that there is a connection between dental anxiety and uncooperative behaviour, it is important for dentists to be able to assess anxiety in their patients. There are many methods for such assessment, and in children they depend on age and intellectual development. These measures can be objective or subjective, depending on the method used to quantify the degree of anxiety. The aim of this literature review was to analyse the objective and subjective scales that are used most commonly to assess the degree of anxiety of children in a dental setting. CONCLUSION: Knowing the degree of anxiety of dental children is important in order to guide them through their dental experience. Their level of cooperation will also improve and anxiety will be reduced as well.

Retratamiento endodóntico de un primer molar inferior con gran lesión perirradicular: control a los 3 años mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico / Endodontic retreatment of a mandibular first molar with a large periradicular lesión: 3 year follow-up using cone beam computed tomography

Se presenta un caso de retratamiento endodóntico de un primer molar inferior con una gran lesión perirradicular. Se realiza un control de los 3 años mediante radiografías periapicales y una tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC) y se observa una completa curación perirradicular. En el artículo se describe la importancia de realizar una correcta preparación química y mecánica para la eliminación de la periodontitis apical. Se revisa también la literatura respecto al porcentaje de éxito de los retratamientos endodónticos, y se detalla la eficacia de la TCHC en la detección de periodontitis apical (AU)

The clinical case presents an endodontic retreatment of a mandibular first molar with a large periradicular lesión. Follow-up was performed at 3 years using periapical radiographs and cone bean computed tomography (CBCT) confirming complete periradicular healing. The article describes the importance of adequate chemical and shaping for the healing of apical periodontitis. It also reviews the literature regarding the success rate of endodontic retreatment, and addresses CBCT accuracy in detecting apical periodontitis (AU)