[The tear crystallization test in sicca syndrome]. / Testul de cristalizare a lacrimilor in sindromul sicca.

The tear crystallization test permits an easy and quick identification of the lacrimal film alterations existent in the Sicca syndrome. From the 29 crystallization tests done on patients suffering from Sicca syndrome medium and severe form the most frequent was type III crystallization (21 cases-73%), type IV (4 cases-14%) and type I (1 case-3%). Type III and type IV of crystallization occurs in 87% of patients with Sicca syndrome in correspondence with the intensity of the dry-eye symptoms and with the objective qualitative and quantitative tests of the lacrimal film and corneo-conjunctival surface examination (Schirmer test I, BUT, rose bengal 1%, fluorescein 19%). The correlation between subjective and objective modifications is necessary in the Sicca syndrome. Although 26% of the patients diagnosed with Sicca syndrome accused severe dry eye symptoms, only 14% presented type IV crystallization. The absence of crystallizations has been revealed in superficial punctate keratitis (1 case), Sicca keratoconjunctivitis (1 case), filamentary keratitis (1 case), superficial punctate keratitis and corneal ulcus (1 case).

[Pressure stress in glaucoma--assessment through classical techniques and computational modelling]. / Stresul presional in glaucom--explorare prin tehnici clasice si modelare computationala.

UNLABELLED: Even if glaucoma remains a major eye illness with unknown etiology, the importance of vascular factors associated with mechanical factors contributing to the pathogenesis and development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy has been emphasized. the objective of the study consists in elaboration of a biomechanical model of the human eye correlated with clinical and ultrasonography evaluations aiming to early identification of changes induced by pressure stress in open angle glaucoma (OAG) at retrobulbar arteries and optic nerve head level. METHOD AND MATERIAL: The present study included a lot formed by 97 patients without glaucoma, aged 20-75 years (lot 1) and a lot formed by 71 patients with open angle glaucoma, aged 45-80 years (lot 2). We used usual methods in ophthalmological examinations and diagnosis (bottom ocular fundus examinations eye examinations, visual - field examinations, measurements of PIO), ultrasonography methods (CDI, pulsed Doppler, spectral Doppler and power-angio), computational modelling methods for ocular structures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In open angle glaucoma color Doppler imaging shows changes in retrobulbar hemodynamic for most of the studied cases, ultrasonography techniques being considered as an important tool for the diagnosis and progression control in glaucomatous damage. Limitations of ultrasonography techniques consist of early identification of these alterations and can be improved by the elaboration of a biomechanical model of the human eye that will permit an abstraction and generalisation of the hemodynamic aspects with the aim of simulation of changes induced by high intraocular pressure on retrobulbar arteries level, the possibility of viewing these changes in their dynamics (on lower pressure values than 30 mmHg).