COVID-19, Disability, and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: A Scoping Review of Early-Stage Pandemic Response.

Introduction: This study aimed to systematically identify the environmental factors that impacted people with disability during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted using LitCOVID (January 1-July 31, 2020). Sixty-six articles met the inclusion criteria that (1) discussed disability and/or health conditions related to functioning and (2) considered environmental factors. A qualitative content analysis was conducted using codes from the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Results: A total of 212 International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health codes were used in the coding process. The most frequent codes referred to health services policies and public health guidelines. These policies, although generally considered facilitators for minimizing infection, were frequently identified as barriers to the health, participation, and human rights of people with disability. The lack of disability-specific population data was identified as a key barrier to planning and decision making. Conclusions: The social determinants of health for people with disability were not adequately considered in the acute phase of infection prevention at the population level. Integrating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in emergency management provides a tool to evaluate functioning and address barriers for those in need.

A Systematic Review of Culturally Responsive Approaches to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care in Ethiopia.

In 2012/2013, the prevalence of child mental illness was estimated to be between 12 and 25% in Ethiopia. The Federal Ministry of Health is currently considering the implementation of the second national mental health strategy guided by the World Health Organization's pyramid model for an optimal mix of services. This model states self-care as the fundamental concept and practice that can be facilitated by the formal and informal sectors surrounding an individual. Despite this remarkable move toward endorsing contemporary approaches to mental health services, Ethiopia struggles with a limited number of knowledgeable and skilled mental health professionals. This systematic review aims at identifying the main challenges Ethiopia might face while implementing the pyramid model. We will suggest ways to bridge the gap between the need for child/adolescent trained mental health professionals and training mental health professionals informed with the value of integrating the concepts of the pyramid model into the system of mental health care for Ethiopians. The paper also discusses the importance of integrating the Wellness based mental health approach into mental health professionals' training as a means of developing a culturally responsive approach to child and adolescent services. This review provides implications for further studies and mental health policy, systems and services in Ethiopia.