Diagnosis of Infarcted Breast Lesions on FNAC, a Blustering Fool: Short Case Series.

Introduction: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is often used as a screening tool. Cytopathologist should be aware of various mimickers of the malignancy. One of these is infarction of benign breast lesions. Careful examination of cytomorphological features will avoid the misdiagnosis of malignancy in such cases. Material and Methods: Six cases were diagnosed as benign breast lesion for 4 years and 5 months in our newly established tertiary referral center. Histopathology follow-up was available in one case. Results: Of six cases, three cases (50%) were reported as fibroadenoma with infarction, two cases (33%) as benign breast lesion with infarction favor fibroadenoma, and one as breast lesion with infarction favor phyllodes tumor in view of recurrence. Most were in the second or third decade of their life. All cases showed dyscohesive cells with pyknotic nuclei. Monolayered sheets of necrotic cells were seen in the four cases (66%). Viable cells were seen in four cases. Conclusions: FNAC provides a rapid and accurate diagnosis of benign breast lesions with infarction in the hands of experienced pathologists who can help in better patient care. Small-sized uniform pyknotic nuclei of dyscohesive cells and regular nuclear membranes help to differentiate them from inflammatory and malignant lesions.

Large Multicentric Synchronous Extra-Abdominal Fibromatosis of the Leg and Foot: A Case Report.

Extra-abdominal fibromatosis is an uncommon, benign locally aggressive fibrous soft-tissue tumor that usually occurs in the shoulders, chest wall, back, thigh, and head and neck affecting the young adult population. It is commonly located in the subcutaneous tissue and may infiltrate the adjacent skeletal muscles. We hereby report a rare case of a large extra-abdominal fibromatosis of the leg and foot in a 38-year-old woman. The patient presented with a large voluminous lesion clinically and on imaging, which was difficult to diagnose. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was very helpful in diagnosing the lesion. It revealed a large relatively well-defined, lobulated hypointense mass in the posterior compartment of the leg with extension into the lower thigh and foot with local infiltration into the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the mass was diagnosed on pathological examination as a spindle-shaped fibroblast proliferation suggesting extra-abdominal fibromatosis.

Assessment of Prevalence of Hypertension and its Risk Factors among Adult Tribal Population Residing in Lohandiguda Block of Bastar District of Chhattisgarh.

Background: Hypertension is known as the silent killer. It comprehends the top rank in non-infectious disease amongst adults; accountable for the deaths every year across the world. It is essential to consider the individual impact of risk factors and their impact on hypertension. This study thus elicited the socio-demographic characteristics, the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors, and its impact on adults with hypertension. To estimate the hypertension prevalence and its associated risk factors among adult tribal populations aged 25-60 years residing in Lohandiguda block of Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. Material and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional analytical study was used and the setting was done at the field practice area under the three primary health centers of Lohandiguda block, Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. It was carried out among 330 adult tribes residing for ≥1 year in the present locality. Data was collected by door-to-door visits through pre-designed, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire via face-to-face interview method and anthropometric measurement was done by using standard guidelines. The sampling method was multistage sampling. IBM SPSS STATISTICS-20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) software. Results: The overall prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension among tribal subjects was 34.9% and 47.3%, respectively. Of total hypertensive 27.3% were having stage-1 hypertension, 13.9% were having stage-2 hypertension and 6.0% were already diagnosed cases. Risk factors found in multivariate analysis are occupation (unemployed 0.012), frequency of smokeless tobacco used per day (0.,017) and central obesity (0.000). Conclusions: As hypertension is a multi-factorial disease the study found strong predictors like occupation, frequency of smokeless tobacco per day and having central obesity with significant difference.

Haematology audit of 801 COVID-19 patients' basics and beyond- Prospective observational study.

Background and Objective: COVID-19 has become a major health concern since 2020. Its clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic cases to cases with respiratory failure needing ICU management. It has created a huge burden on limited health care resources. We need better understanding of the pathogenesis and interplay between virus and other factors which decide outcome. We seek biomarkers to predict severe illness to offer better triaging of patients to provide hospital-based care to the patients at risk of severe illness. Material and Methods: We took 801 consecutive RT-PCR-positive COVID cases coming to our center. Their hematological work-up, such as complete blood count, peripheral smear, reticulocyte count, and G6PD activity, was tested. The pattern of hematological abnormalities was assessed across disease severity groups to identify predictors of severe illness from basic investigation. Also, the interplay between iron deficiency and possible hemoglobinopathy trait and COVID was explored. Results Discussion and Conclusion: We found old age, male gender, diabetes, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytopenia, and eosinopenia at presentation to be associated with moderate to severe illness and may help in triaging with other inflammatory and radiological parameters. We found thrombocytosis rather than thrombocytopenia as a predictor of severe illness. Our preliminary findings suggest the need to explore the protective role of hemoglobinopathy traits and iron deficiency against severe COVID illness.

A Solitary Benign Schwannoma of the Medial Dorsal Cutaneous Nerve of the Foot Masquerading as a Ganglion Cyst.

Schwannomas are rarely seen in the foot and ankle and mostly arise from the plantar aspect. Dorsal foot schwannomas are not commonly reported. We describe the case of a 25-year-old man who had a painful swelling on the dorsum of his right foot, which resembled a ganglion cyst on clinical examination and ultrasonography findings. Persistent symptoms prompted the need for an excisional biopsy, which revealed a benign schwannoma arising from the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve. Complete and careful excision relieved the symptoms without causing any distal neural deficit. Thus, schwannomas can mimic as a ganglion cyst. Excisional biopsy of such swellings, if symptomatic, helps in confirming the diagnosis, and provides a good functional outcome.

Chemoprofile and bioactivities of Taverniera cuneifolia (Roth) Arn.: a wild relative and possible substitute of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

Chemoprofile of Taverniera cuneifolia (Roth) Arn. a wild relative of commercial licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L) is presented. Both T. cuneifolia and G. glabra L were found to be very similar phytochemically. At least eighteen chromatophores were found similar in both the plants including the sweetening principle, glycyrrhizin. The extracts of T. cuneifolia root, exhibited promising anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti germ tube formation (in Candida albicans), protection from mutagen toxicity and cytotoxic activities comparable to that of G. glabra. In general, the results suggest that T. cuneifolia could be used as substitute of G. glabra.