Tableting technology from the individual and new galenic alkaloid consisting preparations of the Phellodendron lavallei bark.

The aim of the research was to work out the technology and tablet composition from new galenic preparations consisting of alkaloids of the bark of Phellodendron lavallei and hydrochloride of berberin on the base of complex research. The bark of the Phellodendron lavallei introduced in Georgia contains alkaloids, from which 2% is berberine used for curing chronicle hepatitis, hepatic cholecystitis and bilestone disease. The structural-mechanical and technological character of tablets and their masses were defined by the known methodic. Friability was studied by defining the fluctuation and bending corner. Volume density was established by using vibration cylinder. Volume density of powders was studied by pyknometers. Porosity was calculated by the bearing of volume density of the masses. The size of pressing was established by defining the firmness of tablets. The granule composition was defined by analysis. On the basis of studying technological and physical-chemical character features of the substances of new galenic preparations and individual substances consisting of alkaloids got from the bark of Phellodendron lavallei, it is scientifically proved and practically offered optimal technological parameters of tablets forming process and recipes.

[Antidiabetic activity of berberin and extract, obtained from the bark of Phellodendron lavalei, introduced in subtropic regions of Georgia, in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats].

The goal of the study was to identify antidiabetic impact of berberin and extract, obtained from the bark of Рhеllodendron lavalei, introduced in subtropic regions of Georgia. The study was conducted on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Diabetes in animals was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in 1M citrate buffer, pH 4.5, dose 40 mg/kg per body weight, 1 ml volume. Treatment was conducted using berberin hydrochloride dose 150 mg/kg and extract of the bark of Рhеllodendron lavalei dose 400 mg/kg per orally, on an everyday basis, once a day during 3 weeks. The following indicators were measured: weight gain during the observation period, amount of food intake g/day, food efficiency ratio (%), relative mass of internal organs and blood glucose level. Blood glucose level was measured after 3 weeks from the day experiment started, after fasting all night. It was determined that per oral administration of berberin hydrochloride dose 150 mg/kg and extract of the bark of Рhеllodendron lavalei dose 400 mg/kg, during 3 weeks caused decrease in blood glucose level in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The marker of this efficacy was improvement of symptoms: decrease in hyperglycemic values, decrease in polyuria and polyphagia and relative weight of kidneys and heart, improvement of food efficiency ratio and mark decrease of weight loss. It should be noted that berberins antidiabetic activity was more marked. It is suggested that medicinal plants containing studied active components can be used as a crude drug for obtaining medicinal agent of promising antidiabetic phytotherapy and along with standard treatment can be used against metabolic syndrome and prevention of diabetes type 2.

[Changes of metabolic indices caused by berberin and extract, obtained from the bark of Phellodendron lavalei, introduced in subtropic regions of Georgia, in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats].

The goal of the study was to identify changes in lipid metabolism, functional condition of liver and kidney influenced by berberin and extract, obtained from the bark of Рhеllodendron lavalei, introduced in sub tropic regions of Georgia, in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Diabetes in animals was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in 1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.5, dose 40 mg/kg per body weight, 1 ml volume. Treatment was conducted using berberin hydrochloride dose 150 mg/kg and extract of the bark of Рhеllodendron lavalei dose 400 mg/kg per orally, on an everyday basis, once a day during 3 weeks. Afterwards the concentrations of the following agents were measured in blood: glucose, uric acid, creatinine, AST, ALT, bilirubin, triglycerides, cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. It was determined that per oral administration of berberin hydrochloride dose and extract of the bark of Рhеllodendron lavalei during 3 weeks caused decrease in blood glucose level, improved morpho-functional characteristics of liver and kidneys, and modulated lipid spectrum in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. In conclusion we can suggest that these phytodrugs can be a valuable asset to the treatment of metabolic syndrome and prevention of diabetes type 2, associated with metabolic and systemic disorders.

Anatomical and morphological description of Phellodendron lavallei Dode stem bark.

Phellodendron lavallei Dode (Rutaceae) is native to Japan. It was introduced in Georgia (Adjara) in 80th of XX century. In medicine the genus of Phellodendron Rupr. has been used to treat gastric ulcers, bacterial and fungal infections, inflammations, hyperglycemia. The bark is rich of alkaloids of protoberberine type and may be used as a source of them. There are very limited data about anatomical and morphological structure of this genus. Especially least investigated is grown in Georgia. The aim of our study was to investigate anatomical and morphological structure of stem bark Phellodendron Lavallei Dode introduced in Georgia and evaluate its micro structural characteristics. The bark is collected in Kobuleti medical plants experimental station in July and November of 2009 year. There were examined longitudinal and cross sections of herbal material. The bark was studied using a light (Carl Zeiss, Jeneval) and (MBC-2) stereoscopic microscopes. During the structural study of P. lavallei it was manifested the variety of diagnostic signs: the cork is covered by small warts. It's characteristic to corks to peel off the dead tissues. Its cellular structure is rich in chloroplasts. Both in primary, and in secondary structure of a stem bark it is developed many of the sclerenchymal (fibres, mechanical cages) sites. The cork's cambium (phellogen) is characterized by small regions of cork's parenchyma, in which the idioblasts are arranged. In the bark there is massive size monarchic type radial rays, intensively stretched from the central cylinder till the primary cork's parenchymal tissue, they transport and preserve the substances received as a result of physiological processes. A variety of the tissues of Phellodendron lavallei stem bark indicates on high quality of medical raw materials and activity of the physiological processes in a plant.

[Activity of lysosomal enzymes in rabbit brain during the development of edema].

Liberation and consequent activation of lysosomal enzymes seems to play significant role in the development of brain edema. In the present experiment with adult rabbits, anesthetized with urethane we investigated in the brain tissue homogenates the activity of four lysosomal enzymes, such as desoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, katepsine D and acid phosphatase following the development of osmotic brain edema as well as in control animals. The activities of the lysosomal enzymes were investigated with a spectrophotometric technique. Experiments showed that the activity of lysosomal enzymes increased sharply during development of brain edema. Thus the obtained results demonstrate the behaviour of activity of the lysosomal enzymes in the brain tissue during development of brain edema and a way of normalization of these processes.

[Brain edema--historical aspects and contemporary suggestions].

The aim of this article was to show the historical aspects of elaboration of the brain edema study. To draft the main stages of study development from naive medievals suggestions till the creation of modern technologies and the possibility of the brain edema neurovisualization. The possibility to watch and control these processes grants the real perspective to enhance the effectiveness of the brain edema therapy.