An ultrasound and histomorphological analysis of experimental liver cirrhosis in rats.

We investigated whether liver injury by dual exposure to ethanol and carbon tetrachloride (EtOH + CCl4) for 15 weeks would persist after hepatotoxic agents were removed (EtOH + CCl4/8wR). After 15 weeks of hepatic injury with ethanol (5.5%, m/v) and carbon tetrachloride (0.05, mL/kg, ip), 5 of 11 female Wistar rats were sacrificed. The other 6 rats were maintained for an additional 8 weeks without hepatotoxic agents. Ultrasonography showed increased liver echogenicity and dilation of portal vein caliber in both groups (EtOH + CCl4: 0.22 +/- 0.01 cm, P < 0.001; EtOH + CCl4/8wR: 0.21 +/- 0.02 cm, P < 0.01) vs control (0.16 +/- 0.02 cm). Histopathology showed regenerative nodules in both experimental groups. Histomorphometry revealed increased fibrosis content in both groups (EtOH + CCl4: 12.6 +/- 2.64%, P < 0.001; EtOH + CCl4/8wR: 10.4 +/- 1.36%, P < 0.05) vs control (2.2 +/- 1.21%). Collagen types I and III were increased in groups EtOH + CCl4 (collagen I: 2.5 +/- 1.3%, P < 0.01; collagen III: 1.3 +/- 0.2%, P < 0.05) and EtOH + CCl4/8wR (collagen I: 1.8 +/- 0.06%, P < 0.05; collagen III: 1.5 +/- 0.8%, P < 0.01) vs control (collagen I: 0.38 +/- 0.11%; collagen III: 0.25 +/- 0.06%). Tissue transglutaminase increased in both groups (EtOH + CCl4: 66.4 +/- 8%, P < 0.01; EtOH + CCl4/8wR: 58.8 +/- 21%, P < 0.01) vs control (7.9 +/- 0.8%). Cirrhosis caused by the association of CCl4-EtOH remained for at least 8 weeks after removal of these hepatotoxic agents. Ultrasound images can be a useful tool to evaluate advanced hepatic alterations.

An ultrasound and histomorphological analysis of experimental liver cirrhosis in rats

We investigated whether liver injury by dual exposure to ethanol and carbon tetrachloride (EtOH + CCl4) for 15 weeks would persist after hepatotoxic agents were removed (EtOH + CCl4/8wR). After 15 weeks of hepatic injury with ethanol (5.5 percent, m/v) and carbon tetrachloride (0.05, mL/kg, ip), 5 of 11 female Wistar rats were sacrificed. The other 6 rats were maintained for an additional 8 weeks without hepatotoxic agents. Ultrasonography showed increased liver echogenicity and dilation of portal vein caliber in both groups (EtOH + CCl4: 0.22 ± 0.01 cm, P < 0.001; EtOH + CCl4/8wR: 0.21 ± 0.02 cm, P < 0.01) vs control (0.16 ± 0.02 cm). Histopathology showed regenerative nodules in both experimental groups. Histomorphometry revealed increased fibrosis content in both groups (EtOH + CCl4: 12.6 ± 2.64 percent, P < 0.001; EtOH + CCl4/8wR: 10.4 ± 1.36 percent, P < 0.05) vs control (2.2 ± 1.21 percent). Collagen types I and III were increased in groups EtOH + CCl4 (collagen I: 2.5 ± 1.3 percent, P < 0.01; collagen III: 1.3 ± 0.2 percent, P < 0.05) and EtOH + CCl4/8wR (collagen I: 1.8 ± 0.06 percent, P < 0.05; collagen III: 1.5 ± 0.8 percent, P < 0.01) vs control (collagen I: 0.38 ± 0.11 percent; collagen III: 0.25 ± 0.06 percent). Tissue transglutaminase increased in both groups (EtOH + CCl4: 66.4 ± 8 percent, P < 0.01; EtOH + CCl4/8wR: 58.8 ± 21 percent, P < 0.01) vs control (7.9 ± 0.8 percent). Cirrhosis caused by the association of CCl4-EtOH remained for at least 8 weeks after removal of these hepatotoxic agents. Ultrasound images can be a useful tool to evaluate advanced hepatic alterations.

[Coronary arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction in chronic Chagas' disease]. / Aterosclerose coronariana e infarto do miocárdio em chagásicos crônicos.

PURPOSE: To evaluate both the frequency of myocardial infarction and coronary atherosclerosis as well as the pathology of the later in necropsied chronic chagasic individuals. METHODS: Systematized gross and light microscopy were performed in hearts, especially at the three main coronary arteries. Eighty-nine hearts were studied, 35 chronic chagasics and 54 nonchagasics, all from males. Statistical tests were used for frequency analysis. RESULTS: Myocardial infarction occurred in 8.6% chagasics and in 7.4% nonchagasics. Coronary atherosclerosis was detected in 71.4% of chagasics and in 74.1% of nonchagasics. Its morphology was similar for both groups and indistinguishable from the classical descriptions of atherosclerosis. There were no cases showing lesions compatible with accelerated coronary atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION: The frequency of myocardial infarction and coronary atherosclerosis was the same for both chagasics and nonchagasic individuals. The morphological findings for the studied arteriopathy were identical for the two considered groups. However, it seems that the frequency of myocardial infarction is higher in chagasics with normal coronary arteries (with or without minimal atherosclerotic lesions), as compared with nonchagasics.

Ensaio de combate ao ácaro da leprose de citros Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) com novo juvenóide e outros acaricidas

A field test was carried out on adult orange trees sprayed with flucycloxuron, propargite and bromopropilate to check their efficiency in controlling leprosis mite. Treatments used were: A) check; B) flucycloxuron, 10g; C) flucycloxuron, 15g; D) flucycloxuron, 20g; E) flucycloxuron, 30g; F) propargite, 72g; G) bromopropilate, 37,5g. Quantities indicated are grams of active ingredients per 100 liters of water. Control evaluations were made 2 days before and 7, 20, 34 and 50 days after spraying. Treatments of propargite and bromopropilate turned out to be the most efficient. Treatments B, C, D, E were not efficient at all.

Foi montado um ensaio visando conhecer a eficiência do flucicloxurom (juvenóide constituído de benzoil-fenil-uréia substituída), do propargite e do bromopropilato, no combate ao acaro da leprose (Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes, 1939). Os produtos foram empregados nas seguintes dosagens: A) testemunha; B) flucicloxurom, 10g; C) flucicloxurom, 15g; D) flucicloxurom, 20g; E) flucicloxurom, 30g; F) propargite, 72g; G) bromopropilato, 37,5g (tratamento padrão), sendo os valores supracitados quantidade de ingrediente ativo por 100 litros de calda. Foram aplicados 6 litros de calda por laranjeira, com pulverizador motorizado costal. Foram feitas 5 avaliações do combate: uma prévia (02 dias antes da pulverização) e quatro outras (07, 20, 34 e 50 dias pós-aplicação). A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que os tratamentos mais eficientes foram o propargite e o bromopropilato.

Controle do ácaro da falsa ferrugem (Phyllocoptruta oleivora Ashm., 1879) por um juvenóide e outros defensivos agrícolas

In order to control the citrus rust mite on orange-trees a field experiment was carried out in Limeira, State of São Paulo, Brazil, an important citrus producing area. Treatments correspondend to a single application on 01/10/89 of: A) check; B) juvenoid flucycloxuron, 40 cm³; C) bromopropilate 65 cm³; D) quinomethionate + sulphur 200 cm³; E) quinomethionate + sulphur 250 cm³; F) fonnetanate 22,5 g; G) formetanate 31,5 g. The quantities are of commercial formulations in 100 liters of water. Each tree received 10 liters of the mixtures. Avaliations were made before spraying and 6, 20, 36, 50 and 68 days after the application. The most effective results in the last three avaliations were obtained with treatments F, G and C. Treatments D and E were effective only for 6 and 20 days and the juvenoid for 20, 36 and 50 days after spraying.

Vários defensivos agrícolas, incluindo um juvenóide, foram aplicados contra o acaro da falsa ferrugem em pomar localizado em Limeira,SP, uma das principais áreas citrícolas do Brasil. Os tratamentos constaram de uma única aplicação, feita em 01/10/89. Tratamentos: A) testemunha; B) flucicloxurom (juvenóide) 40 cm³; C) bromopropilato 65 cm³; D) quinometionato + enxofre 200 cm³; E) quinometionato + enxofre 250 cm³; F) formetanato22,5 g; G) formetanato 31,5 g. As quantidades referem-se aos produtos comerciais para 100 litros de água. Cada laranjeira recebeu 10 litros de calda. Espalhante-adesivo: "Extravon" (25 cm³/100 litros). O delineamento estatístico feito foi de blocos ao acaso, com 4 repetições. Foram feitas 6 avaliações: 1 prévia e 5 após 06, 20, 36, 50 e 68 dias da aplicação. F, G e C foram os melhores tratamentos. D e E foram eficientes somente aos 06 e 20 dias e o juvenóide, aos 20, 36 e 50 dias.

Controle do ácaro da falsa ferrugem (Phyllocoptruta oleivora Ashm., 1879) por um juvenóide e outros defensivos agrícolas

In order to control the citrus rust mite on orange-trees a field experiment was carried out in Limeira, State of São Paulo, Brazil, an important citrus producing area. Treatments correspondend to a single application on 01/10/89 of: A) check; B) juvenoid flucycloxuron, 40 cm³; C) bromopropilate 65 cm³; D) quinomethionate + sulphur 200 cm³; E) quinomethionate + sulphur 250 cm³; F) fonnetanate 22,5 g; G) formetanate 31,5 g. The quantities are of commercial formulations in 100 liters of water. Each tree received 10 liters of the mixtures. Avaliations were made before spraying and 6, 20, 36, 50 and 68 days after the application. The most effective results in the last three avaliations were obtained with treatments F, G and C. Treatments D and E were effective only for 6 and 20 days and the juvenoid for 20, 36 and 50 days after spraying.

Vários defensivos agrícolas, incluindo um juvenóide, foram aplicados contra o acaro da falsa ferrugem em pomar localizado em Limeira,SP, uma das principais áreas citrícolas do Brasil. Os tratamentos constaram de uma única aplicação, feita em 01/10/89. Tratamentos: A) testemunha; B) flucicloxurom (juvenóide) 40 cm³; C) bromopropilato 65 cm³; D) quinometionato + enxofre 200 cm³; E) quinometionato + enxofre 250 cm³; F) formetanato22,5 g; G) formetanato 31,5 g. As quantidades referem-se aos produtos comerciais para 100 litros de água. Cada laranjeira recebeu 10 litros de calda. Espalhante-adesivo: "Extravon" (25 cm³/100 litros). O delineamento estatístico feito foi de blocos ao acaso, com 4 repetições. Foram feitas 6 avaliações: 1 prévia e 5 após 06, 20, 36, 50 e 68 dias da aplicação. F, G e C foram os melhores tratamentos. D e E foram eficientes somente aos 06 e 20 dias e o juvenóide, aos 20, 36 e 50 dias.

Ensaio de combate ao ácaro da leprose de citros Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) com novo juvenóide e outros acaricidas

A field test was carried out on adult orange trees sprayed with flucycloxuron, propargite and bromopropilate to check their efficiency in controlling leprosis mite. Treatments used were: A) check; B) flucycloxuron, 10g; C) flucycloxuron, 15g; D) flucycloxuron, 20g; E) flucycloxuron, 30g; F) propargite, 72g; G) bromopropilate, 37,5g. Quantities indicated are grams of active ingredients per 100 liters of water. Control evaluations were made 2 days before and 7, 20, 34 and 50 days after spraying. Treatments of propargite and bromopropilate turned out to be the most efficient. Treatments B, C, D, E were not efficient at all.

Foi montado um ensaio visando conhecer a eficiência do flucicloxurom (juvenóide constituído de benzoil-fenil-uréia substituída), do propargite e do bromopropilato, no combate ao acaro da leprose (Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes, 1939). Os produtos foram empregados nas seguintes dosagens: A) testemunha; B) flucicloxurom, 10g; C) flucicloxurom, 15g; D) flucicloxurom, 20g; E) flucicloxurom, 30g; F) propargite, 72g; G) bromopropilato, 37,5g (tratamento padrão), sendo os valores supracitados quantidade de ingrediente ativo por 100 litros de calda. Foram aplicados 6 litros de calda por laranjeira, com pulverizador motorizado costal. Foram feitas 5 avaliações do combate: uma prévia (02 dias antes da pulverização) e quatro outras (07, 20, 34 e 50 dias pós-aplicação). A partir dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que os tratamentos mais eficientes foram o propargite e o bromopropilato.

Avaliacao clinica, a longo prazo, do Ro 10-7122 (Sulpiride-Bromazepam) na sindrome depressivo-ansiosa. / Long-term clinical evaluation of Ro 10-7122 (Sulpiride-Bromazepam) in the depressive anxiety syndrome

O autor apresenta os resultados da observacao a longo prazo (180 dias), com a associacao Bromazepam + Sulpiride, em pacientes com depressao e ansiedade acompanhadas ou nao de somatizacoes. Dos 23 pacientes, apenas um nao se beneficiou com o tratamento, sendo necessaria a suspensao do medicamento. Apesar da amostra ser relativamente pequena, a tolerabilidade foi considerada muito boa e a expressividade dos resultados significativa (52,17% mantiveram os resultados positivos da primeira fase do ensaio, e 43,47% continuaram a melhorar) o que levou o autor a atribuir os efeitos a acao benefica do Ro 10-7122