Nuclear alterations of cells and atypical metaplastic cells in cervical smears are predictive criteria of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Diagnoses based on the screening of cervical smears show low interobserver reproducibility and are frequently discordant with the final histological diagnosis. The aim of this study was to identify which of the cytomorphologic criteria used in the screening of cervical smears were most predictive of the histopathological grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The abnormal cervical smears of 206 women were reviewed blindly according to 22 pre-established cytomorphological criteria. Colposcopic evaluation was carried out in all cases. The marked presence of several nuclear criteria frequently found together in the same smear was associated with high grade intraepithelial neoplasia regardless of the presence of any other criteria. On the other hand, when the nuclear criteria were less evident, the cluster of criteria related to metaplastic cells was predictive of a diagnosis of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Focusing on selected cytological criteria can aggregate predictive value to cervical smear diagnoses.