Effectiveness of three mouth rinsing agents against mutans Streptococcus and Lactobacillus species - A comparative study.

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases and is a cause of continuous discomfort through impaired function and esthetics. To control dental caries, the removal of plaque is of utmost importance, and that further necessitates the use of chemotherapeutic agents. Several side effects associated with chlorhexidine have stimulated the search for an alternative chemotherapeutic agent. Aims: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of probiotic mouth rinse with kidodent mouth rinse, and placebo against mutans Streptococcus and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA). Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomized parallel double-blinded clinical study which included 90 children of ages 6-15 years who were randomly allocated into three groups: Group 1 - placebo (n = 30), Group 2 - kidodent (n = 30), and Group 3 - probiotic (n = 30). Stimulated salivary samples were collected from all the children after rinsing with distilled water (first reading), and after rinsing with respective mouthwash (placebo/kidodent/probiotic mouth rinse) of their groups during the first visit (second readings). Samples were collected again after using mouth rinse for 14 days (third readings) and used for detection of pH, and levels of Streptococcus mutans (SM) and LA counts. Data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Statistically significant difference was seen between placebo versus kidodent, placebo versus probiotic but there was no statistically significant difference between kidodent versus probiotic after the immediate rinse and post 15 days of rinse. Conclusion: Kidodent and probiotic mouth rinse are more efficacious and have equivalent efficacy in reducing SM and LA.

Résumé Contexte: Les caries dentaires sont l'une des maladies infantiles chroniques les plus courantes et sont la cause d'une gêne permanente due à une altération de la fonction et de l'esthétique. fonction et de l'esthétique. Pour lutter contre les caries dentaires, l'élimination de la plaque dentaire est de la plus haute importance, ce qui nécessite l'utilisation d'agents chimiothérapeutiques. agents chimiothérapeutiques. Plusieurs effets secondaires associés à la chlorhexidine ont stimulé la recherche d'un agent chimiothérapeutique alternatif. alternative. Objectifs: cette étude vise à comparer l'efficacité d'un bain de bouche probiotique à celle d'un bain de bouche kidodent, et d'un placebo contre les mutans Streptococcus et Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA). Matériaux et méthodes: La présente étude était une étude clinique randomisée en parallèle et en double aveugle. 90 enfants âgés de 6 à 15 ans ont été répartis au hasard en trois groupes : Groupe 1 - placebo (n = 30), Groupe 2 - kidodent (n = 30), et Groupe 3 - probiotique (n = 30). Des échantillons salivaires stimulés ont été prélevés chez tous les enfants après avoir été rincés à l'eau distillée (première lecture). après s'être rincés à l'eau distillée (première lecture), et après s'être rincés avec les bains de bouche respectifs (placebo/kidodent/rince-bouche probiotique) de leurs groupes lors de la première visite (deuxième lecture). la première visite (deuxième lecture). Les échantillons ont été collectés à nouveau après avoir utilisé le bain de bouche pendant 14 jours (troisième lecture) et ont été utilisés pour la détection du pH, et les niveaux de numération des Streptococcus mutans (SM) et des LA. Les données ont été soumises à une analyse statistique. Résultats: Une différence statistiquement significative statistiquement significative entre le placebo et le kidodent, le placebo et le probiotique, mais il n'y a pas de différence statistiquement significative entre le kidodent et le probiotique après le traitement. kidodent versus probiotique après le rinçage immédiat et après 15 jours de rinçage. Conclusion: Les bains de bouche kidodent et probiotiques sont plus efficaces et ont une efficacité équivalente dans la réduction de la SM et de la LA. Mots-clés: Bacillus clausii UBBC-07 bain de bouche, kidodent bain de bouche, lactobacilles, bain de bouche probiotique, Streptococcus mutans.

Multidisciplinary Approach for the Management of Dilacerated Permanent Maxillary Incisor: A Case Report.

Dilaceration is an abrupt deviation along the long axis of the tooth, which may be observed between the crown, root, or both. Management of such teeth poses a unique challenge to the clinician due to its position within the esthetic zone. This case report describes the management of impacted maxillary central incisor with severe root dilacerations (90° angulation and crown directed toward the anterior nasal spine). Surgical extraction of tooth was done after the elevation of the flap and fixed orthodontic treatment was planned to regain the required amount of space followed by prosthetic rehabilitation using the same extracted tooth as pontic. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Nallanchakrava S, Mettu S, Reddy NG, et a l. Multidisciplinary Approach for the Management of Dilacerated Permanent Maxillary Incisor: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(6):725-728.

An Unexpected Encounter with Foreign Body in the Primary Teeth and Its Management.

Clinicians may come across strange situations when they accidentally notice foreign bodies in the root canals of the teeth. This foreign body entrapment is more common in children because of the habit of placing various objects into the tooth, particularly in the cases of open carious lesions. Sometimes, these foreign objects may act as an impending source for pain and infection. Even though accidental insertion is the main etiological factor, there are other possibilities such as self-injurious habits and dental neglect which should be ruled out by thorough history. The present article describes two cases of typical etiology for foreign body lodgment and its management in the primary teeth.

Effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (cpp-acp) on caries-like lesions in terms of time and nano-hardness: An in vitro study.

CONTEXT: Time bound increase in the nanohardness of the enamel after remineralization with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in a regular interval of 1 h has not been explored in the literature to a greater extent. AIMS: To determine and compare the maximum hardness of the remineralized caries-like lesions, in terms of nanohardness and the rate of achieving maximum hardness at 1-h interval, after treatment with artificial saliva and CPP-ACP, over 12 h. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty longitudinal sections of extracted sound permanent maxillary central, lateral incisors were immersed in demineralizing solution for 4 days. The samples were then randomly divided into three groups, consisting of 12 sections each for soaking them in three different media-isotonic saline, artificial saliva, and CPP-ACP for 12 h. The nanohardness was measured on the labial surface, at baseline, after erosion, and after remineralization at 1-h interval. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data was analyzed with paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc analysis. RESULTS: CPP-ACP increased the enamel hardness significantly (P < 0.001), at an increased rate, than artificial saliva. CONCLUSIONS: This study has provided an insight into the frequency of use of CPP-ACP, once per day, as the nanohardness of enamel samples increased within 1 h of application and remained within the normal limits after 12 h.

Type III B dens invaginatus: diagnostic and clinical considerations using 128-slice computed tomography.

Endodontic therapy is successful only when thorough knowledge of root canal morphology is understood. Dens invaginatus is malformation of teeth resulting from invagination of tooth before biological mineralization occurs. It is clinically significant with an early pulpal involvement and chronic periapical lesion, which are often associated with this anomaly. The present case report describes a 13-year-old female patient who reported to our institution with complaint of pain and swelling in the right maxillary region. Intraoral examination revealed Ellis Type II fracture of right maxillary central incisor and normal appearing right maxillary lateral incisor. On radiographic examination right maxillary, lateral incisor roots are morphologically altered with an immature apex and a large periradicular lesion. Conventional radiographs help in the assessment of complex root morphology, but certain limitations pertaining to detail of complexity needs for the use of more advance imaging modalities. Complex anatomic variations can best be diagnosed with the use of computed tomography (CT). A combined endodontic and surgical treatment was performed followed by postobturation CT images which were reviewed as axial slices and in volume rendering multiplanar reconstruction. The scope of using spiral CT in the endodontic diagnosis and treatments is increasing as it provides better resolution than other methods.

Iatrogenic inflammatory fibrosis of hard palate in a 13-year-old female patient.

Palatal swellings are rare in children and the incidence differs from that of the adult counterparts. When the palatal swellings do arise in children, they usually are palatal abscess from periapical region, and few cases like pleomorphic adenoma in young adults have also been reported. But inflammatory fibrosis of palate in children is a rare occurrence. Inflammatory fibrosis is formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue, as a reparative or reactive process. This report describes an unusual case of iatrogenic inflammatory fibrosis on the palate due to extraction of tooth number 22 in a 13-year-old female patient. The patient presented with a single large well-circumscribed oval palatal swelling that was soft, fluctuant, not fixed, and nontender. Surgical excision of the lesion was done and it was sent for histopathological assessment. The biopsy showed fibrous tissue with collagen fibers, spindle shaped fibroblasts, neovascularization, RBCs, chronic inflammatory cells, and traces of salivary gland and nerve tissue.