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1.
Behav Modif ; 48(2): 111-127, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37864323

RESUMO

Past research suggests behavioral treatments are effective for challenging behavior in children and young adults with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, access to these services can be limited and require substantial resources. To address this issue, the current study provides a programmatic description of an individualized parent-mediated service model targeting moderate challenging behavior. In the program, therapists coached parents to implement functional analyses and individualized function-based treatment packages. Forty-one families of children and young adults with neurodevelopmental disorders participated. Most clients (75.6%) met all admission treatment goals and parents reported significant decreases in frequency and severity of challenging behaviors at discharge. Parents also reported less stress at discharge. Outcomes of the study suggest this parent-mediated treatment model is a viable option to treating moderate challenging behavior in children and young adults with intellectual and developmental disorders.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Humanos , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/terapia , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Pais
2.
J Appl Behav Anal ; 53(3): 1485-1493, 2020 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31907921

RESUMO

Renewal is defined as the reemergence of a previously eliminated behavior following a context change. Determining the prevalence of this effect in clinical practice would allow clinicians to better anticipate the reemergence of problem behavior, such as when a patient is discharged from a treatment facility to return to their home. The current consecutive, case-series analysis determined the prevalence and magnitude of renewal when implementing behavioral treatments for problem behavior. Across 182 context changes, renewal was observed 77 times (42.3%). In the first session following the context change, problem behavior rates increased by a factor of 3 and then decreased across successive sessions. These results indicated that renewal effects may be common, but are also transient and return to rates observed before context changes.


Assuntos
Comportamento Problema/psicologia , Reforço Psicológico , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Condicionamento Operante , Extinção Psicológica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Adulto Jovem
3.
J Appl Behav Anal ; 53(1): 102-120, 2020 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30887502

RESUMO

It is common practice in research on the treatment of problem behavior to compare levels of targeted behaviors during treatment to levels when treatment is not in place. Some researchers use data collected as part of a multielement functional analysis as the initial baseline, whereas others collect new baseline data following completion of the functional analysis. We evaluated whether the source of baseline data influences the reliability and efficiency of decision-making. Results suggest that similar decisions are made in regard to treatment efficacy using the different sources of baseline data, but using data from a multielement functional analysis as baseline may save time. Interrater agreement was adequate, but lower for some graphs than has been observed in past studies. Several potential explanations for this discrepancy are discussed.


Assuntos
Terapia Comportamental , Conjuntos de Dados como Assunto , Comportamento Problema/psicologia , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Am J Intellect Dev Disabil ; 123(6): 558-573, 2018 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30421967

RESUMO

Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a genetic disorder, commonly caused by a 17p11.2 deletion, affecting the Retinoic Acid Induced 1 gene. It affects approximately 1 in 25,000 individuals, with over 90% engaging in challenging behaviors. Function-based treatments, using the principles of applied behavior analysis, have consistently been shown to decrease challenging behaviors exhibited by individuals with developmental delays. However, additional research is needed to determine the effects of these interventions with specific diagnostic subsets, including SMS. The current study identified the function of challenging behavior for 2 children with SMS and found a function-based treatment, consisting of differential reinforcement and extinction, reduced challenging behavior for both.


Assuntos
Terapia Comportamental/métodos , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento , Comportamento Problema , Reforço Psicológico , Síndrome de Smith-Magenis , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/etiologia , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/fisiopatologia , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/reabilitação , Extinção Psicológica/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome de Smith-Magenis/complicações , Síndrome de Smith-Magenis/fisiopatologia , Síndrome de Smith-Magenis/reabilitação , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
J Appl Behav Anal ; 50(2): 332-344, 2017 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28211576

RESUMO

Achieving continence of one's bowel movements is a key step in development and failure to do so leads to many negative consequences. Treatments for encopresis appearing in the literature have employed behavioral strategies; medications such as suppositories, laxatives, or enemas; and in some studies a combination of these approaches. To date, attempts to extend successful treatments for encopresis in typically developing children to those with developmental disabilities have been limited. The current study included three participants diagnosed with developmental disabilities who had a history of encopresis. None of the participants had a continent bowel movement under baseline conditions. Continent bowel movements increased during treatment that included the addition of suppositories to elicit continent bowel movements. Two participants began having independent continent bowel movements (i.e., without requiring suppositories) and medication was successfully faded out for the remaining participant. Treatment took between 13 and 21 days.


Assuntos
Terapia Comportamental/métodos , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/complicações , Encoprese/etiologia , Encoprese/terapia , Criança , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/psicologia , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/reabilitação , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde
6.
J Appl Behav Anal ; 49(4): 900-914, 2016 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27469462

RESUMO

Unlike potential tangible positive reinforcers, which are typically identified for inclusion in functional analyses empirically using preference assessments, demands are most often selected arbitrarily or based on caregiver report. The present study evaluated the use of a demand assessment with 12 participants who exhibited escape-maintained problem behavior. Participants were exposed to 10 demands, with aversiveness measured by average latency to the first instance of problem behavior. In subsequent functional analyses, results of a demand condition that included the demand with the shortest latency to problem behavior resulted in identification of an escape function for 11 of the participants. In contrast, a demand condition that included the demand with the longest latency resulted in identification of an escape function for only 5 participants. The implication of these findings is that for the remaining 7 participants, selection of the demand for the functional analysis without using the results of the demand assessment could have produced a false-negative finding.


Assuntos
Terapia Comportamental/métodos , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/reabilitação , Comportamento Problema/psicologia , Reforço Psicológico , Adolescente , Atenção , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Jogos e Brinquedos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto Jovem
7.
J Appl Behav Anal ; 46(2): 424-35, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24114157

RESUMO

School consultants who rely on direct observation typically conduct observational samples (e.g., 1 30-min observation per day) with the hopes that the sample is representative of performance during the remainder of the day, but the representativeness of these samples is unclear. In the current study, we recorded the problem behavior of 3 referred students for 4 consecutive school days between 9:30 a.m. and 2:30 p.m. using duration recording in consecutive 10-min sessions. We then culled 10-min, 20-min, 30-min, and 60-min observations from the complete record and compared these observations to the true daily mean to assess their accuracy (i.e., how well individual observations represented the daily occurrence of target behaviors). The results indicated that when behavior occurred with low variability, the majority of brief observations were representative of the overall levels; however, when behavior occurred with greater variability, even 60-min observations did not accurately capture the true levels of behavior.


Assuntos
Observação/métodos , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Estudos de Amostragem , Fatores de Tempo
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