COVID-19 pandemic on coronary artery and cerebrovascular diseases in Southern Spain: interrupted time series analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Healthcare systems have been put under intense pressure by the COVID-19 pandemic, although some studies have shown a decline in hospital admissions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases during the first and second wave of the pandemic. In addition, studies analyzing gender and procedural differences are scarce. The present study aimed to determine the impact of the pandemic on hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in Andalusia (Spain) and analyzed differences by gender and by percutaneous coronary interventions performed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An interrupted time series analysis of AMI and CVD hospital admissions in Andalusia (Spain) was carried out to measure the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. AMI and CVD cases admitted daily in public hospitals of Andalusia between January 2018 and December 2020 were included. RESULTS: During the pandemic, significant reductions in AMI [-19%; 95% confidence interval (CI): (-29%, -9%), p<0.001] and CVD [-17%; 95% CI: (-26%, -9%); p<0.01] in daily hospital admissions were observed. Differences were also produced according to the diagnosis (ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, other AMI and stroke), with a greater reduction in females for AMI and in males for CVD. Although there were more percutaneous coronary interventions during the pandemic, no significant reductions were observed. CONCLUSIONS: A decline in AMI and CVD daily hospital admissions during the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic was noted. Gender differences were observed, but no clear impact was observed in percutaneous interventions.

Implementación de un Plan de Seguridad del Paciente en un Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Primeros resultados / Implementation of a Plan of Patient Safety in Service of Pediatric Surgery. First results

Objetivos. Durante el año 2014 se aplica el Plan de Seguridad del Paciente en un Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, elaborado previamente por nuestro Servicio. Se describen los resultados. Material y métodos. El método empleado para la medición de eventos adversos (EAs) es una modificación del Global Trigger Tool del Institute for Health care Improvement. Población analizada: pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente con hospitalización. Con una periodicidad mensual, se realizaron 12 auditorias de las historias clínicas correspondientes a los pacientes dados de alta en la semana anterior al día de la evaluación. El equipo evaluador estaba compuesto por: un cirujano pediátrico experto, dos enfermeras de planta más un médico y una enfermera del Servicio de Calidad. Resultados. Se revisaron 95 historias y 406 días de estancia. 31 pacientes (32,6%) sufrieron uno o más eventos adversos. Total EAs: 43. Número EAs/1.000 pacientes/día: 105,9. Los 3 EA más frecuentes fueron: vómitos, prurito y dolor. 28 EAs fueron de gravedad leve y 3 moderada, según la clasificación del National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention. Ningún EA fue grave o crítico. Conclusiones. La determinación de la prevalencia mediante evaluaciones regulares de historias clínicas es un método que permite obtener información de forma fácil sobre la frecuencia de aparición, el conocimiento exacto de los tipos de EAs y la aplicación de medidas correctoras. Este método tiene como limitación principal la posible falta de recogida EAs graves así como registro y análisis de eventos centinelas que pueden ocurrir en el periodo entre evaluaciones

Objectives. In 2014 our department starts to apply the PatientSafety Strategic in Pediatric Surgery. Our aim is to describe the results obtained. Methods. For the measurement of adverse events (AE) we used a modification of the Global Trigger Tool of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. Population analysed: patients undergoing surgery with hospitalization. On a monthly basis, audits of the medical records of 12 patients discharged in the prior week of the assessment were performed. The evaluation team was composed by experienced pediatric surgeon, two staff nurses, and a doctor and nurse from the Quality Department. Results. 95 clinical records and a total of 406 days of hospital stay were reviewed. 31 patients (32.6%) experienced one or more AE. Total AE: 43. The AE/1000 patients/day ratio: 105.9. The most common AE were: vomiting, itching and pain. 28 EA were considerd mild and 3 moderate in severity, according to the classification of the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention. No EA were considered serious or critical. Conclusions. The analysis of prevalence through regular assessments of medical records is an easy method to obtain information about the frequency of occurrence, exact understanding of the AE types and the implementation of corrective measures. The main limitation of this method is that it can miss some of the serious EA and miss the records and analysis of sentinel events that may occur in the period between assessments

[Implementation of a Plan of Patient Safety in Service of Pediatric Surgery. First results]. / Implementación de un Plan de Seguridad del Paciente en un Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Primeros resultados.

OBJECTIVES: In 2014 our department starts to apply the PatientSafety Strategic in Pediatric Surgery. Our aim is to describe the results obtained. METHODS: For the measurement of adverse events (AE) we used a modification of the Global Trigger Tool of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. Population analysed: patients undergoing surgery with hospitalization. On a monthly basis, audits of the medical records of 12 patients discharged in the prior week of the assessment were performed. The evaluation team was composed by experienced pediatric surgeon, two staff nurses, and a doctor and nurse from the Quality Department. RESULTS: 95 clinical records and a total of 406 days of hospital stay were reviewed. 31 patients (32.6%) experienced one or more AE. Total AE: 43. The AE/1000 patients/day ratio: 105.9. The most common AE were: vomiting, itching and pain. 28 EA were considerd mild and 3 moderate in severity, according to the classification of the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention. No EA were considered serious or critical. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of prevalence through regular assessments of medical records is an easy method to obtain information about the frequency of occurrence, exact understanding of the AE types and the implementation of corrective measures. The main limitation of this method is that it can miss some of the serious EA and miss the records and analysis of sentinel events that may occur in the period between assessments.

OBJETIVOS: Durante el año 2014 se aplica el Plan de Seguridad del Paciente en un Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, elaborado previamente por nuestro Servicio. Se describen los resultados. MATERIAL Y METODOS: El método empleado para la medición de eventos adversos (EAs) es una modificación del Global Trigger Tool del Institute for Health care Improvement. Población analizada: pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente con hospitalización. Con una periodicidad mensual, se realizaron 12 auditorias de las historias clínicas correspondientes a los pacientes dados de alta en la semana anterior al día de la evaluación. El equipo evaluador estaba compuesto por: un cirujano pediátrico experto, dos enfermeras de planta más un médico y una enfermera del Servicio de Calidad. RESULTADOS: Se revisaron 95 historias y 406 días de estancia. 31 pacientes (32,6%) sufrieron uno o más eventos adversos. Total EAs: 43. Número EAs/1.000 pacientes/día: 105,9. Los 3 EA más frecuentes fueron: vómitos, prurito y dolor. 28 EAs fueron de gravedad leve y 3 moderada, según la clasificación del National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention. Ningún EA fue grave o crítico. CONCLUSIONES: La determinación de la prevalencia mediante evaluaciones regulares de historias clínicas es un método que permite obtener información de forma fácil sobre la frecuencia de aparición, el conocimiento exacto de los tipos de EAs y la aplicación de medidas correctoras. Este método tiene como limitación principal la posible falta de recogida EAs graves así como registro y análisis de eventos centinelas que pueden ocurrir en el periodo entre evaluaciones.

Elaboración de un plan de seguridad del paciente en un Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica / Design of a plan for patient safety in Pediatric Surgery Service

Introducción. La seguridad del paciente constituye una prioridad en la gestión de la calidad de cualquier servicio sanitario. Todo paciente tiene derecho a una atención eficaz y segura. Objetivo. Diseñar un plan de seguridad del paciente en un Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Material y método. Revisión bibliográfica, constitución de un grupo de trabajo compuesto por profesionales sanitarios de los Servicios de Cirugía Pediátrica, Calidad y Documentación Clínica. Identificación de los eventos adversos potenciales, sus fallos y causas y su ponderación mediante el Análisis Modal de Fallos y Efectos. Construcción del mapa de riesgos y elaboración del plan de acciones preventivas para la disminución del riesgo. Designación de responsables para la ejecución efectiva del plan. Resultado. El número de eventos adversos identificados para la totalidad del Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica fue de 58. Se detectaron hasta 128 fallos, producidos por 211 causas. El grupo hizo una propuesta de 424 medidas concretas en forma de acciones preventivas y/o correctoras que, refinadas, hicieron un total de 322. Se planificó la aplicación efectiva del programa, actualmente en ejecución. Conclusiones. La metodología empleada ha permitido disponer de una información clave para la mejora de la seguridad del paciente y la elaboración de un plan de acciones preventivas y/o correctoras. Dichas medidas son aplicables en la práctica, ya que su diseño ha sido efectuado mediante propuestas y acuerdos de los profesionales que participan directamente en el proceso de asistencia a los niños con patología quirúrgica

Introduction. Patient safety is a key priority in quality management for healthcare services providers. Every patient is entitled to receive safe and effective healthcare. Aims. The aim of this study was to design a patient safety plan for a Paediatric Surgery Department. Methods. We carried out a literature review and we established a work group that included healthcare professionals from the Paediatric Surgery Department and the Quality and Medical Records Department. The group identified potential adverse events, failures and causes and established a rating using Failure Mode Effects Analysis. Potential risks were mapped out and a plan was designed establishing actions to reduce risks. We designated leaders to ensure the effective implementation of the plan. Results. A total of 58 adverse events were identified in the Paediatric Surgery Department. We detected 128 failures that were produced by 211 different causes. The group developed a proposal with 424 specific measures to carry out preventive and/or remedial actions that were then narrowed down to 322. The group designed a plan to apply the programme, which is currently being implemented. Conclusions. The methodology used enabled obtaining key information for improvement of patient safety and developing preventive and/or remedial actions. These measures are applicable in practice, as they were designed using proposals and agreements with professionals that take active part in the care of children with surgical conditions

[Design of a plan for patient safety in pediatric surgery service]. / Elaboración de un plan de seguridad del paciente en un Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica.

INTRODUCTION: Patient safety is a key priority in quality management for healthcare services providers. Every patient is entitled to receive safe and effective healthcare. AIMS: The aim of this study was to design a patient safety plan for a Paediatric Surgery Department. METHODS: We carried out a literature review and we established a work group that included healthcare professionals from the Paediatric Surgery Department and the Quality and Medical Records Department. The group identified potential adverse events, failures and causes and established a rating using Failure Mode Effects Analysis. Potential risks were mapped out and a plan was designed establishing actions to reduce risks. We designated leaders to ensure the effective implementation of the plan. RESULTS: A total of 58 adverse events were identified in the Paediatric Surgery Department. We detected 128 failures that were produced by 211 different causes. The group developed a proposal with 424 specific measures to carry out preventive and/or remedial actions that were then narrowed down to 322. The group designed a plan to apply the programme, which is currently being implemented. CONCLUSIONS: The methodology used enabled obtaining key information for improvement of patient safety and developing preventive and/or remedial actions. These measures are applicable in practice, as they were designed using proposals and agreements with professionals that take active part in the care of children with surgical conditions.

Diseño e implantación de un plan de seguridad del paciente en un servicio de urgencias de hospital: ¿cómo hacerlo? / Design and implementation of a patient safety program for a hospital emergency department: how to do it a patient safety culture

Se describe cómo se ha diseñado un plan de seguridad del paciente en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario de un centro universitario de alta complejidad. El plan contiene una amplia serie de acciones preventivas para minimizar el riesgo de aparición de los eventos adversos identificados. Para ello, se realizó por parte de un grupo de expertos en urgencias la: 1) identificación de los eventos adversos que pueden producirse en el servicio de urgencias hospitalario, así como los fallos y causas que los producen, mediante la técnica degeneración de ideas o brainstorming, 2) priorización de los eventos adversos y obtención del índice de prioridad de riesgos, mediante el análisis modal de fallos y efectos, 3) propuesta de acciones preventivas, y 4) elaboración de un mapa de riesgos del macroproceso asistencial de urgencias. Se identificaron un total de 43 eventos adversos distintos, 65 tipos de fallos, 86 causas y 207 acciones preventivas. Cada eventos adversos generó entre 1 y21 acciones preventivas. El 6,97% de los eventos adversos estuvieron relacionados con el diagnóstico, de 13,95% con la medicación, el 46,51% con los cuidados, el 2,32% con infecciones, el 6,97% con la realización de un procedimiento y el 23,26% con otros aspectos. Nuestra experiencia enfatiza la importancia de crear una cultura de seguridad del paciente en un servicio de urgencias hospitalario a través de la implantación de un plan de seguridad que incluya un análisis de los eventos adversos, su priorización y la planificación de acciones preventivas para disminuir su incidencia (AU)

This paper describes the design of a patient safety program for the emergency department of a highly complex tertiary care university hospital. The program comprises a broad set of preventive measures for reducing the risk of identified adverse events. An expert working group within the emergency department undertook the following steps to create the program: 1) brainstorming to identify the potential adverse events that occur in the emergency department as well as the errors and contributing factors responsible for them, 2) ranking of the adverse events according to a risk priorityindex by means of failure mode and effect analysis, 3) listing recommendations for risk reduction, and 4) mapping risks onto the overall emergency care process. The working group identified 43 adverse events, 65 types of error, 86 causes, and 207 ameliorating actions. Each adverse event generated between 1 and 21 ameliorating actions. Problems with the clinical care process accounted for 46.51% of the total, medication incidents for 13.95%, the diagnostic process for6.97%, procedures for 6.97%, and infections for 2.32%. Other types of incidents accounted for 23.26% of the total. Our experience underlines the importance of creating a patient safety culture in an emergency department. Such a culture can be created by first analyzing and ranking adverse events according to level of risk and then planning ameliorating actions that reduce risk (AU)

Lifestyles, environmental and phenotypic factors associated with lip cancer: a case-control study in southern Spain.

The aim of this study was to identify factors related to lip cancer (LC) considering individual characteristics and sociodemographic factors. A case-control study was carried out in the province of Granada (Andalusia, southern Spain). The cases were 105 males with squamous-cell carcinoma of the lip, diagnosed between 1987 and 1989 (aged 20-70 years) and identified by means of a population-based Cancer Registry. As controls, a randomised populational sample of 239 males, stratified by age, was used. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors are lifetime cumulative tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption. An interaction was found between alcohol consumption and the smoking habit (leaving the cigarette on the lip): OR=23.6; 95% CI: 3.9-142.0. Other risk factors identified are clear eyes (OR=3.5; CI: 95% 1.5-8.0), sun exposure early in life and cumulative sun exposure during outdoor work (OR=11.9; 95%: CI: 1.3-108.9), and skin reaction to sun exposure (Fitzpatrick levels). Another interaction was found between skin reaction and a previous history of common sporadic warts (OR=4.4; 95% CI: 1.01-19.1). We conclude that LC is related to phenotype, skin reaction to sun exposure, cumulative and early sunlight exposure, and tobacco and alcohol consumption, as well as a low educational level. Leaving the cigarette on the lip is predictive of LC risk irrespective of cumulative tobacco consumption.