RESUMO
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) devices replace transiently the function of both heart and lungs, allowing the investigator to work safely on a stopped heart. Although this technology has greatly improved since its first applications in the early 1950's there is still no definitive rat CPB model, various experiments reporting drawbacks like pulmonary edema, large priming volumes,etc. We present a new oxygenator that can be used in cardiopulmonary bypass experiments in rats, simple in design and efficient in function,in which the process of blood oxygenation takes place in a vertical cylinder filled up with air or oxygen, with blood being spread onto the wall and then trickling down in a thin layer that facilitates the oxygen transfer. The oxygenation is efficient, the pO2 reaches levels of almost 150 mmHg (physiological level is around 100 mmHg) in conditions of oxygen saturation of over 99% (normal levels 95%-98%).
Assuntos
Ponte Cardiopulmonar , Oxigenadores , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Dióxido de Carbono/sangue , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/instrumentação , Ponte Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Eletrônica Médica/instrumentação , Contaminação de Equipamentos/prevenção & controle , Desenho de Equipamento , Reutilização de Equipamento , Hemoglobinas/análise , Hemólise/fisiologia , Modelos Animais , Oxigênio/sangue , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos BN , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Esterilização , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The enzymes that generate retinoic acid during development have been identified as members of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family. The developmental expression patterns of two ALDHs that function as retinaldehyde dehydrogenases, RALDH1 and RALDH2, have been described. Here we report the cloning and expression of a third retinaldehyde dehydrogenase from the mouse called RALDH3 that shares 94% amino acid sequence identity to a human retinaldehyde dehydrogenase previously named ALDH6. In mouse embryos, RALDH3 expression is first noticed in the ventral optic eminence at E8.75, then in the optic vesicle/cup, otic vesicle, and olfactory placode/pit from E9.5 to E11.5. Expression in the developing eye is primarily localized in the ventral retina, thus indicating that RALDH3 represents the V1 dehydrogenase activity described there earlier. From E8.5 to E10.5 RALDH3 expression is distinct from that of RALDH1 or RALDH2, thus indicating a unique role in sensory organ development.
