RESUMO
The above article which refers to the theory of labeling presents psychological functions of label. There are four categories of labels which play four functions: categorative, cognitive, defensive and protective. Defensive function has been revised in detail. On analysing and reading some pieces of literature it has been proved that label can protect an individual against excessive requirements of the environment and it can also have stigmatization effect.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Criança , Ética Médica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Polônia , Escalas de Graduação PsiquiátricaRESUMO
Blood flow in the coeliac trunk was measured before and after oral application of ISDN (isosorbitol dinitrate) 10 or 20 mg. Clinical prognostic value of this test was evaluated. Investigation were carried out with a duplex-Doppler pulsatory wave. The quantitative hemodynamic method with estimation of PI and RI was applied to exclude the effect of angle and the vessel diameter. 44 healthy volunteers were examined. The ultrasonograph ACUSON 128 was used with the linear and sectorial head 3.5 MHz enabling measurement of the pulsatory wave (Doppler). All persons were divided into 4 groups: according to sex, the age, the dose of nitrate and the groups given placebo. Application of the ISDN led to increase values PI and RI. Application of placebo had no influence on the blood flow.
Assuntos
Artéria Celíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Artéria Celíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Dinitrato de Isossorbida/farmacologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fluxo Pulsátil/efeitos dos fármacos , Valores de Referência , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/efeitos dos fármacos , Ultrassonografia Doppler Dupla , Ultrassonografia Doppler de Pulso , Resistência Vascular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Solanine, an alkaloid isolated from potatoes was found to inhibit active calcium transport in rat duodenum both when added to the everted intestine sacs in vitro and when given to the rats in drinking water for 12 days. The inhibition by solanine of the active calcium transport in the rat intestine was found to be noncompetitive, the inhibitory constant being 25 microM.
Assuntos
Cálcio/metabolismo , Duodeno/metabolismo , Solanina/farmacologia , Animais , Transporte Biológico Ativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Técnicas In Vitro , Cinética , Masculino , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosAssuntos
Biguanidas/farmacologia , Cálcio/metabolismo , Duodeno/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Animais , Transporte Biológico Ativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Buformina/farmacologia , Cálcio/antagonistas & inibidores , Feminino , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Masculino , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenformin/farmacologia , RatosAssuntos
Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Intestino Delgado/enzimologia , Adenosina Trifosfatases/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Cálcio/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Mucosa Intestinal/enzimologia , Mucosa Intestinal/ultraestrutura , Magnésio/farmacologia , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/enzimologia , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/enzimologia , Oligomicinas/farmacologia , RatosRESUMO
Verapamil (1.5 mM) completely inhibits active calcium transport by everted rat duodenum sacs and depresses oxygen consumption by duodenal rings. Increasing the Ca2+ concentration in the incubation medium from 0.4 mM 5.0 mM reverses the inhibition of oxygen consumption by verapamil but is without effect on the extent of inhibition of calcium active transport.
Assuntos
Cálcio/metabolismo , Duodeno/metabolismo , Verapamil/farmacologia , Animais , Transporte Biológico Ativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Duodeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , RatosRESUMO
1. The everted-sac technique has been used to study the time-dependent effect of low-calcium diet on calcium active transport along rat small intestine. 2. In animals maintained on standard diet active translocation of calcium was limited to proximal 10 cm of the intestine. 3. In response to calcium restriction, calcium transport in duodenum was highly stimulated after 3 days, then gradually declined and after 28 days almost disappeared. In proximal jejunum it was the highest between 7 and 21 days. In distal ileum, the transport appeared after 3 days and increased progressively until 21 days, but markedly decreased at the 28-th day. The normal pattern of calcium transport was reestablished on refeeding the animals with standard diet.
