RESUMO
El estudio de las estructuras que conforman el plexo braquial se ha visto particularmente beneficiado con las imágenes de alta resolución que brindan los equipos de resonancia 3 T. El plexo braquial puede presentar mononeuropatías o polineuropatías. Entre las primeras se distinguen los traumatismos, el atrapamiento, como el síndrome de la abertura torácica por costillas cervicales, apófisis transversas prominentes o tumores. En el grupo de las polineuropatías se encuentran los procesos inflamatorios, entre los que destacan la polineuropatía desmielinizante inflamatoria crónica, la plexitis autoinmunitaria (síndrome de Parsonage Turner), enfermedades granulomatosas y la neuropatía por radiación. Entre los procesos vasculares se mencionan la polineuropatía diabética y las vasculitis. En esta revisión se repasa la anatomía del plexo braquial y se describe la técnica de estudio de la neurografía por resonancia magnética y las principales patologías que pueden afectar al plexo braquial (AU)
The study of the structures that make up the brachial plexus has benefited particularly from the high resolution images provided by 3 T magnetic resonance scanners. The brachial plexus can have mononeuropathies or polyneuropathies. The mononeuropathies include traumatic injuries and trapping, such as occurs in thoracic outlet syndrome due to cervical ribs, prominent transverse apophyses, or tumors. The polyneuropathies include inflammatory processes, in particular chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Parsonage-Turner syndrome, granulomatous diseases, and radiation neuropathy. Vascular processes affecting the brachial plexus include diabetic polyneuropathy and the vasculitides (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico , Plexo Braquial , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/instrumentação , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Polineuropatias , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/normas , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Plexo Braquial/lesões , Plexo Braquial/patologia , Mononeuropatias , Eletrofisiologia/instrumentação , Eletrofisiologia/métodosRESUMO
The study of the structures that make up the brachial plexus has benefited particularly from the high resolution images provided by 3T magnetic resonance scanners. The brachial plexus can have mononeuropathies or polyneuropathies. The mononeuropathies include traumatic injuries and trapping, such as occurs in thoracic outlet syndrome due to cervical ribs, prominent transverse apophyses, or tumors. The polyneuropathies include inflammatory processes, in particular chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Parsonage-Turner syndrome, granulomatous diseases, and radiation neuropathy. Vascular processes affecting the brachial plexus include diabetic polyneuropathy and the vasculitides. This article reviews the anatomy of the brachial plexus and describes the technique for magnetic resonance neurography and the most common pathologic conditions that can affect the brachial plexus.
