Optical properties of fat emulsions.

We present measurements of the optical properties of six different fat emulsions from three different brands, Clinoleic, Lipovenoes and Intralipid, with fat concentrations from 10% to 30%. The scattering coefficient, the reduced scattering coefficient, and the phase function of each sample are measured for wavelengths between 350 nm and 900 nm. A method for the calculation of the particle size distribution of these fat emulsions is introduced. With the particle size distribution the optical properties of the fat emulsions are obtained with Mie theory. Simple equations for the calculation of the absorption coefficient, the scattering coefficient, the reduced scattering coefficient, the g factor, and the phase function of all measured samples are presented.

Phase function measurements on nonspherical scatterers using a two-axis goniometer.

We present a two-axis goniometer for measuring the phase function of scattering media with an angular resolution of about 0.2 deg having 12 decades of dynamic range and covering almost the full solid angle. The setup is evaluated with polystyrene spheres and with perpendicularly and obliquely illuminated thin glass cylinders. The scattering pattern and its intensity distribution are in excellent agreement with analytical theory. A multiple scattering configuration composed of two parallel cylinders is also examined. Finally, the phase function of dentin slabs is measured and its dependence on the dental microstructure is discussed.