Electrical Permittivity and Conductivity of a Graphene Nanoplatelet Contact in the Microwave Range.

This paper investigates the electrical properties in the microwave range of a contact made by graphene nanoplatelets. The final goal is that of estimating the range of values for the equivalent electrical complex permittivity of a contact obtained by integrating low-cost graphene in the form of nanoplatelets (GNPs) into a high-frequency electrical circuit. To this end, a microstrip-like circuit is designed and realized, where the graphene nanoplatelets are self-assembled into a gap between two copper electrodes. An experimental characterization is carried out, both to study the structural properties of the nanomaterials and of the realized devices, and to measure the electromagnetic scattering parameters in the microwave range by means of a microstrip technique. A full-wave electromagnetic model is also derived and used to investigate the relationship between the measured quantities and the physical and geometrical parameters. The combined use of the experimental and simulation results allows for retrieving the values of the equivalent complex permittivity. The equivalent electrical conductivity values are found to be well below the values expected for isolated graphene nanoplatelets. The real part of the electrical relative permittivity attains values comparable to those obtained with GNP nanocomposites.

Synthesis and antiviral activity of the carbocyclic analogue of the highly potent and selective anti-VZV bicyclo furano pyrimidines.

Carbocyclic nucleoside analogues are catabolically stable since they are resistant to phosphorolytic cleavage by pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase enzymes. The carbocyclic analogue (C-BCNA) of the highly potent and selective anti-VZV bicyclic nucleoside analogue (BCNA) 6-pentylphenylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2'-deoxyribose was synthesized using carbocyclic 2'-deoxyuridine as starting material. C-BCNA was found to be chemically more stable than the furano lead, but it was shown to be significantly less antivirally active than its parent nucleoside analogue. It was noted to have a 10-fold lower inhibitory activity against the VZV-encoded thymidine kinase. This reduction of activity may be attributed to the different conformation of the sugar and base, as predicted by computational studies and supported by NMR studies. However, other factors besides affinity for VZV-TK must account for the greatly reduced antiviral potency.