[Morphopathological changes in glaucoma-induced trabecular meshwork]. / Modificarile morfopatologice ale retelei trabeculare în glaucom.

UNLABELLED: Glaucoma causes trabecular meshwork and Schlemm canal changes, resulting in the obstruction of the aqueous flow at this level. AIM: To show the histological changes in the surgically removed trabecular meshwork tissues. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Trabecular meshwork fragments were histologically processed for histological diagnosis. RESULTS: 29.87% of all patients had ordered structure with high eosinophilia, 20.12% a rare structure with high eosinophilia, 21.34% a voluminous trabecular meshwork with fusiform cells, 21.03% tissue fibrosis and 7.62% had tissue necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Aqueous flow obstruction in trabecular meshwork is produced by the histological changes at this level, found in all tissue specimens removed during surgery.

[Phenytoin influence on human metanephros]. / Influenta fenitoinei asupra metanefrosului uman.

The influence of Phenytoin on the human embryo is knowing to produce the fetal hydantoin syndrome. Even this syndrome is knowing to produce microcephaly, mental retardation, eyelid ptosis etc it is not mentioned the influence of Phenytoin on the human metanephros. This is the reason of our study, made on human embryos. Their mothers received during pregnancy Phenytoin. In one studied embryo we have remarked a malformation in the metanephros. Even we can not make a strong correlation between the malformation and the Phenytoin we consider that pregnant women should not use Phenytoin during pregnancy.

[The role of anthropologic study in the stomatognatic morphologic changes through time]. / Importanta studiului antropologic în modificarile morfologice ale sistemului stomatognat de-a lungul timpului.

OBJECTIVES: The possibility of a prognosis regarding the morphologic aspect of the passive component of stomatognathic apparatus was assessed through some researches on the viscero-cranium aspect. METHOD: The study used 20 skulls or skull fragments, 8 were from the first century A.D., 4 from the Middle Ages and the rest of 8 were from the XX-th century. All The skulls were found on the Romanian territory. A series of measurements were made on the maxilla, mandible and on the face as a whole; the results were compared with the literature data. RESULTS: The skulls discovered in the Neolithic necropolis existing on the Romanian territory are of mediterranoic type, with an antero-posterior prolonged skull and with narrow dental arches, presenting a prognathism according to the shape of the skull. After the Neolithic, the shape of the skull changes to a more rounded one and the dental arches become upsiloid. In the Middle Age, the dental arches tend to evolve from the upsiloid type to the paraboloid type. In our century, the paraboloid form of the dental arches is maintained (semiellipitic shape of the maxilla and the parabolic shape of the mandible). CONCLUSIONS: During the ages, the evolution of masticator apparatus was influenced mainly by the genetic factor regarding the shape and the pathology, but also, in some degree, by the dietary habits. Multiple changes have been made possible a gene crossing between individuals. Due to the genetic mixture between the local element and the migratory population, the evolution of the stomatognathic apparatus to paraboloid dental arches is explained, although upsiloid dental arches can be found.

[The luteolytic action of prostaglandin F2-alpha analogues in guinea pig's ovary]. / Actiunea luteolitica a analogilor prostaglandinei F2 alpha la ovarul de cobai.

The role of prostaglandin at the level of the female genital system is multiple; they are involved in ovulation, luteolysis, contractility of the tube muscles, contraction of the gravid uterus, dilatation of the cervix. The synthetic analogous of the prostaglandin F2 alpha are utilized in a large area of treatments, for multiple purposes. The study was made on 2 lots with 10 non pregnant female guinea pig: the first lot was the witness lot and didn't receive any substance. The second lot received 100 micrograms/kg/day Isopropyl ester PGF2 alpha. The prostaglandin analogous produces vasodilating effects on the ovary blood vessels and luteolytic effects with the destruction of the ovarian follicles.

[The influence of some synthetic prostaglandin F2alpha analogous on rat lung]. / Influenta unor analogi sintetici ai prostaglandinei F2 alpha asupra pulmonului la sobolan.

The role of prostaglandins and their synthetic analogous at the level of the female genital system is multiple. The synthetic analogous of the prostaglandin F2 alpha are utilised in a large area of treatments, for multiple purposes, but their influence on the lung is not so well known. The study was made on 2 lots with 12 non pregnant female rats: the first lot was the witness lot and didn't receive any substance. The second lot received 25 micrograms/kg/day Flavoliz (synthetic analogous of the prostaglandin F2 alpha). The prostaglandinic analogous produces vasodilating effects on the lung blood vessels and moderate pulmonary destruction.

The influence of some prostaglandin analogous on the female rat ovary and uterine tube epithelium.

The synthetic analogous of the prostaglandins are utilized in the obstetrical and gynecological therapy for multiple purposes. 4 lots with 12 nonpregnant female rats were use: the Ist received 25 g/kg/day isopropyl ester PGF2; the IInd lot received 50 g/kg/day isopropyl ester PGF2; the IIIrd lot received 50 g/kg/day optic active cloprostenol; the IVth lot was the witness lot. The medication was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administrated in a unique daily dose. Prostaglandin F2 analogous at small doses (25 micrograms/kg/day) induce vasodilating effects on the ovary blood vessels and functional luteolysis rather than structural luteolysis. Both of the prostaglandins analogous at doses of 50 micrograms/kg/day present obvious vasodilating and luteolytic effects, although the intensity of the phenomenon is not the same, cloprostenol is more active, inducing a more obvious vasodilatation and luteolysis.

[Experimental ethanol poisoning in rats]. / Unele aspecte în intoxicatia experimentala cu etanol la sobolan.

Ethanol is one of the most used substances that produce liver lesions. The differences between species, the pathway of administration and the genetic variation are factors that influence the response of liver to ethanol. The experiment used adult male Wistar rats and the hepatic lesions were assessed using standard histological examination. The results show an increase of triglycerides in liver cells even in acute intoxication, the most affected cells being located in the periphery of the hepatic lobule, associated with a dilatation of blood vessels.

[Experimental carbon disulfide-induced encephalopathy]. / Encefalopatia sulfocarbonica experimentala.

The histopathological and ultrastructural aspects of cerebral cortex were followed up in the white rat injected intraperitoneally with carbon disulphide at 5 mg/kg body weight/week, in a chronic experiment--3, 6, 10 months. Important neuronal damages like: neuronal dystrophy's to neurolysis affecting the pyramidal and granular cells, neuronophagy, nodular and diffuse glial reaction, in the absence of atherosclerotic lesions were noticed. The lesions developed after 3 months and become more extended at 6 months and 10 months: it persists even after 2 months from the moment when the administration ceased.

[The vasa vasorum in the veins of the spermatic cord]. / Aspectul vasa vasorum în venele cordonului spermatic.

Vasa vasorum is a vascular ensemble with nutritional role for the vascular wall. It's has the origin and the end at the surface of the bloods vessels. In the thickness of the external and internal tunics it represents by a capillary circulatory network. At the level of the adventitia of the veins, arterial vessels and vessels with a larger size, with a similar structure with the veins, has been observed. At the level of the middle tunic was observed capillary vasa vasorum. The density of the capillaries is bigger to the external tunic and the capillaries are in a smaller number to the internal tunic. The vascular wall has an intense metabolism, so we can explain the nutrient supply with two sources: an external source (vasa vasorum) and an internal source (the blood that flows in the vessels). The spermatic veins collect the blood from the testis, epididymis and the scrotum. This veins form a network around the arteries with a known functional role. This intimate vascular relation from the spermatic cord explains the arterial vasa vasorum particularities moreover the venous particularities. The drainage of the testicular veins is different on the left side and on the right side. The discussions are centered on the tension of the vascular wall. Its growth has an important effect: the compression of the capillary vasa vasorum. We discuss, too, about the conditions that reduce the perfusion. The consequence of an insufficient nutritional supply is the functional modification illustrated by varicocele.

[The anterolateral structures of the neck and trunk]. / Unele aspecte asupra structurii antero-laterale a gâtului si trunchiului.

This work has in view the arrangement of the elements that form the anterolateral wall of the neck, thorax and abdomen. We insist on the behavior of the fasciae and the situation of the connective spaces related at the muscular layers that enter the structure of this segments. We have found the continuity of the deep cervical fascia (the superficial fascia, after the French anatomy), like a muff that surrounds the neck and the trunk; in the places where this deep cervical fascia is related to the bones (for example, the clavicle), it is continued by the periosteum. On the ventral midline, the deep cervical fascia is very dense and resistant and it is continued from the hyoid bone to the pubis. It is adherent on the connective deep elements, taking part at the formation of the "linea alba". On the posterior midline it is adherent at the fibrous elements that fix the fascia on the spinous process of the vertebrae. At the level of the neck, this fascia is very obvious and resistant; it becomes thinner according as it descent to the abdomen. At the cervical level it surrounds the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius, at the level of the thorax it surrounds the pectoralis major and the latissimus dorsi, at the level of the abdomen it becomes very fine and it covers the rectus sheath in the anterior part; at the level of the obliquus externus abdominis is very difficult to demonstrate its existence. We followed then the behavior of the anterolateral muscles from the cervical and the abdominal segments. We have found the continuity of the anterior paramedian muscles: the first plane--the sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major (its sternal fibres form the right sternal) and the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis. For the first and second planes we make an analogy between the muscles of the neck, the subclavius, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior. The second plane--the infrahyoid muscles, the subclavius, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior. The third plane--the scaleni, anterior, medius and posterior, intercostales, transversus thoracis, obliquus externus abdominis, obliquus internus abdominis and transversus abdominis. This work excludes the suprahyoid muscles--their origin, function, innervation and vascularization are debated in another study.

[Is carbon disulfide atherogenic?]. / Este sulfura de carbon aterogena?

The changes in serum lipids and the histopathological aspect of aorta and blood vessels in the coronary, cerebral and renal territories were followed up in the white rat injected intraperitoneally with carbon bisulphide at various doses (5, 10, 15, 25, 75 mg/kg body weight) in subacute and chronic experiment (3, 6, 10 months). The absence of hyperlipemia and atherosclerotic lesions in aorta and coronary, renal and cerebral blood vessels were noticed.

[Histologic aspects of the testis in experimental carbon disulfide poisoning]. / Aspectul histologic al testiculului în intoxicatia experimentala cu sulfura de carbon.

The histological examination of testes was carried out in white male rats poisoned by the intraperitoneal administration once a week for 6 months of carbon disulphide at different doses of 5, 10, 15, 25 mg/kg body weight. The changes consist in interstitial edema, stasis, congestion, seminiferous tubules basement membrane thickening and spermatogenesis suppression at different stages. There is a direct relation between the intensity of the lesions and the administered dose. The ways of spermatogenesis alteration in the presence of interstitial cells of normal aspect are discussed. The authors believe that carbon disulphide had a direct action both on the central nervous system (hypothalamus--FSH releasing factor) and on testicular structures.